（原标题：第一批居民从哪来？他们纪念的是哪位蜀王？） 文博时空 作者 毛玉婷 五千年前，一系列远古文化在成都平原交叉绽放。他们中，到底是哪批人率先抵 达三星堆，勾画出三星堆的最初面貌？后来，又有哪些人融入，改变了当时的社会文化？后世人描绘的 蜀王，是否能够在平原找到踪迹，他们是否参与创造了三星堆？ 墓葬的发现可以帮助解答这些疑问，但至今在三星堆古城发现的都是不埋人的器物坑，考古人心心念的 王陵并未出现，所以仍是迷雾重重。 巴蜀文化脉络 目前，川中最早的文化痕迹发现于山地区域，现隶属于阿坝藏族羌族自治州茂县。 距今大约5000年前的新石器期时代，川西高原的岷江上游，先民在营盘山活动留下遗址群。他们的文化 特征接近中国西北地区、黄河上游的马家窑文化，两个地方的人都种植小米（粟、黍），用着相同的制 陶手法，不约而同地在高领陶器的肩、颈、腹部留下粘接痕。 营盘山遗址所在地 图据成都文物考古研究院 营盘山彩陶，图源：成都文物考古研究院 大概在距今4900年，部分古蜀人从西北高原而下，抵达成都平原的德阳什邡，创立了"桂圆桥文化"。在 这个靠近山地、相对较高的地区，他们延续旱作农业，继续种植小米。 成都文物考古研究院副院长 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the continuous innovation and evolution of Chinese civilization, highlighting the significance of archaeological discoveries, particularly in the context of the Majiayao culture and its contributions to understanding early Chinese society and craftsmanship [1][2]. Group 1: Archaeological Discoveries - The Tsiwa site in Gansu's Dingxi City is identified as the largest Neolithic settlement west of the Longshan Mountains, revealing extensive evidence of housing, pottery kilns, and exquisite painted pottery [1]. - Significant findings include the first discovery of a triple rectangular layout of moats, a large-scale pottery production area, and the confirmation of a high-status, central settlement of the Majiayao culture [1][2]. Group 2: Cultural Continuity and Development - The Majiayao culture is recognized as a successor and promoter of the Yangshao culture, showcasing the development level and civilization of early societies in the western Loess Plateau around 5000 years ago [2]. - The article notes that the continuity of civilization is often intangible and requires archaeological efforts to make it visible and tangible [2]. Group 3: Economic and Social Evolution - Researchers suggest that the painted pottery of the Majiayao culture indicates a trend towards commodification and the importance of commercial development within the society [2]. - The evolution of social forms in the Majiayao culture reflects the adaptation to advancements in productivity, showcasing the dynamic nature of Chinese civilization [2]. Group 4: Cultural Exchange and Integration - The Majiayao culture is positioned at the forefront of East-West cultural exchanges, with its painted pottery influencing various regions, indicating a pre-Silk Road exchange of civilization [3]. - The article highlights the openness and inclusivity of Chinese civilization, which has absorbed various elements from other cultures, contributing to its enduring vitality [3].

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the opening of a new archaeological exhibition in China, showcasing the latest discoveries from the Majiayao culture in Gansu, aimed at making archaeological artifacts accessible to the public more quickly [1][16]. Group 1: Exhibition Details - The exhibition features newly unearthed Majiayao culture painted pottery, with the first display being a "painted bowl" found in a pit at the Shiwa site in Gansu [1]. - The exhibition is planned to last for three months, and visitors can reserve free tickets online [16]. Group 2: Archaeological Findings - A notable artifact is a painted pottery bottle with a nearly complete human face motif, characterized by wide-open eyes and a "tear drop" [5]. - The mysterious prehistoric "crying face" may symbolize the ancestors' wishes for fertility and sustenance from the land [6]. - The painted pottery exhibits unique features, such as asymmetrical designs, which are rare in Majiayao culture artifacts [8]. Group 3: Cultural Significance - The Majiayao culture, dating back 5,500 to 4,000 years, represents a peak in prehistoric Chinese painted pottery, evolving from the Yangshao culture [12]. - The presence of classic Yangshao triangular patterns in the newly discovered pottery indicates the diverse and integrated evolution of Chinese civilization [14]. - The Majiayao culture had a significant influence, extending from Xinjiang in the west to Sichuan and Yunnan in the south, and reaching Ningxia in the north [14].