又到一年放榜季。当"先选城市再选学校"渐成共识时，曾被戏称"大学洼地"的深圳，正悄悄挤进考生志愿表的首栏。 三次热潮 辜晓进把深圳建大学的热潮分为三个阶段，第一波早在特区成立之初就已启动。 20世纪80年代，正值深圳经济特区建设的关键时期，大量外来务工人员涌入，百业待兴，急需大量专业人才。为满足需求，深大于1983年开始筹办。当时， 深圳市财政收入每年仅为1亿多元，但深圳市政府仍计划拨款5000万元建设深大。深大的建立，在中国高等教育发展史上也是一个经典案例：从提议创办到 正式开课，只用了半年多时间——充分体现了深圳速度。 深大带来的惊喜不仅是速度。建校伊始，它就采用了与内地高校不同的理念，几项开创性做法至今仍被称道。比如，借鉴了一些国外名校的做法，校园最初 不设围墙，让高校与社会保持紧密联系，这一做法持续了十多年。后来，由于深大周边出现了不少城中村，为保护校园教学环境才筑起围墙。 此外，深大还开创了"学生自治"的模式：金融专业的学生自建学生银行，进行财务管理和金融操作。学生可以通过学生银行，在校园内的各个饭堂、商店进 行资金周转，形成校内小循环金融系统。 "毕业生满足基本条件，可由学校联系孵化企业或合作企业 ...

诚邀您建言献策 北京航空航天大学"十五五"规划 全校师生员工、广大校友、各界人士： 习近平总书记强调，编制和实施"十五五"规划，对于全面落实党的二十大战略部署、推进中国式现代化意义重大。规划制定要坚持科学决策、民主决策、 依法决策，把顶层设计和问计于民统一起来。当前，北航正在扎实开展深入贯彻中央八项规定精神学习教育，全面推进"十五五"规划编制工作，为进一步 凝聚广大师生员工、校友和各界人士的智慧和力量，提高学校规划编制的科学性、民主性，高质量绘制未来发展蓝图，加快建设中国特色、世界一流大 学，有力支撑教育强国、科技强国、人才强国建设，现诚邀您为学校"十五五"规划编制建言献策。 （一） 建议内容 意见建议可围绕以下主题展开，应表述清晰、有理有据、有分析有思考，有助于促进学校事业发展。 1.关于"十五五"时期高等教育发展基本趋势的判断，关于学校面临的 机遇和挑战的分析，关于学校所处 发展阶段和历史方位的研判。 2.关于"十五五"时期学校面临主要问题与发展瓶颈的思考，关于学校破解难题、加速发展的 重大任务和重点举措。 3.关于"十五五"时期学校发展思路和战略部署的思考，包括对 总体建设思路与方向的研判，以及聚焦学科 ...

作 者丨陈洁 实习生黎雨佳 编 辑丨王峰 2 0 2 4年各个城市的高等教育数据陆续公布。 2 1 世 纪 经 济 研 究 院 认 为 ， 从 未 来 一 段 时 间 来 看 ， 我 国 本 专 科 在 校 生 人 数 仍 将 保 持 高 位，选择城市成为高考学子获得就业优势的关键因素之一。2 0 2 5年高考将至，高考学 子可以综合考虑兴趣、专业、行业认可度、就业资源、录取概率等多个因素，既可以 选择经济强、实习机会多、视野开拓的大城市，也可以选择分数低于沿海同层次学校 的中西部强校。 "高校大市"变迁 我国"高校大市"经历了变与不变。 根据各地发布的2 0 2 4年统计公报，2 7个万亿GDP城市中，2 5个城市公布了当年的高等教育相 关数据，其中 5个城市的普通（职业）本专科（除特殊标注之外，下同）在校生数量突破11 0 万人，分别是广州、郑州、武汉、成都、重庆 。 从增速上看，除一个城市负增长、一个城市两年公布的口径不一致之外，其余 2 3个城市实现 本专科在校生数量"普涨" 。 这一普涨符合全国的趋势。2 0 2 4年，我国本专科招生1 0 6 8 . 9万人，在校生3 8 9 1 . 3万人，毕业 ...

Group 1 - In 2024, 25 out of 27 trillion GDP cities reported an increase in the number of ordinary (vocational) undergraduate students, with five cities exceeding 1.1 million students each [1][2] - The total number of ordinary and vocational undergraduate students in China reached 38.91 million in 2024, reflecting a 3.08% increase from 37.75 million in 2023 [1][3] - The number of undergraduate admissions in 2024 was 10.689 million, indicating a continuous upward trend in higher education enrollment [1][3] Group 2 - Guangzhou remains the city with the highest number of undergraduate students, reaching 1.498 million in 2024, up from 1.0193 million in 2014 [4] - Zhengzhou has surpassed Wuhan to become the second city for undergraduate students, with a growth rate of 82.87% from 783,200 in 2014 to 1.4322 million in 2024 [7] - Chengdu and Chongqing also saw significant increases in student numbers, with Chengdu reaching 1.157 million and Chongqing 1.1279 million in 2024 [8] Group 3 - The overall number of undergraduate students in China has been steadily increasing, with a jump from 5.561 million in 2000 to 38.913 million in 2024 [3][10] - The growth rate of graduate students has outpaced that of undergraduates, with the number of graduate students rising from 1.848 million in 2014 to 4.095 million in 2024, a growth of 121.59% [10][12] Group 4 - Future trends indicate that the number of graduate students is expected to continue rising, supported by national policies aimed at expanding graduate education [12][14] - The focus for undergraduate education will shift towards expanding vocational and quality undergraduate programs, with a potential peak in enrollment numbers around 2036 due to declining birth rates [13][14] Group 5 - Local governments are encouraged to align higher education development with regional industry needs and employment trends, optimizing academic structures to meet urgent professional demands [14][15] - There is a need for sustainable development strategies in higher education, focusing on quality and structural optimization rather than mere expansion [15]

Core Viewpoint - Henan Province has become the province with the highest number of higher education institutions in China, primarily through the expansion of vocational colleges, but this has not significantly improved the quality of higher education available to its large population [1][2][7]. Summary by Sections Higher Education Landscape in Henan - Henan has 174 higher education institutions, surpassing Jiangsu's 172, making it the province with the most colleges in China [2][3]. - Approximately two-thirds of these institutions are vocational colleges, with a significant increase from less than 60% in 2015 to 65.52% in 2024 [7][11]. Growth of Vocational Colleges - From 2015 to 2024, Henan added 45 new higher education institutions, with only eight being undergraduate colleges, while over 80% were vocational colleges [7][11]. - In 2023, Henan approved 11 new vocational colleges, accounting for about 20% of the total new vocational colleges established nationwide that year [7][11][12]. Challenges in Higher Education Quality - Despite the high number of institutions, Henan has only 60 regular undergraduate colleges, resulting in a low average of 6.13 colleges per 10 million people, placing it near the bottom nationally [11][12]. - The province has only two "Double First Class" universities, which further highlights the scarcity of high-quality educational resources [11][12]. Historical Context and Structural Issues - Historical decisions led to the relocation of many quality institutions from Henan, contributing to its current educational challenges [12][13]. - The number of ministry-affiliated colleges in Henan dropped from 11 to 1 after the 1990s reforms, limiting the province's ability to develop a robust higher education system [13][14]. Current Educational Goals and Employment Outcomes - Henan aims to increase its gross enrollment rate to 60% by 2025, with current figures indicating it is close to this target [19][22]. - In 2024, there were 490,000 vocational college graduates in Henan, but the province struggles to retain these graduates, with only a 71.57% local employment rate [22][26]. Economic Context and Employment Challenges - Despite being a significant industrial hub with a total output exceeding 5.3 trillion yuan in 2023, Henan's vocational graduates face lower salaries compared to peers in coastal provinces [25][26]. - The traditional industrial structure in Henan, with high-tech manufacturing accounting for only 14% of industrial output, limits the availability of high-value jobs for graduates [25][26][28].