证 券 研 究 报 告 供需两弱下的逆风局 2026年银行二永债年度策略 证券分析师：黄伟平 A0230524110002 杨雪芳 A0230524120003 研究支持： 曹璇 A0230125070001 2025.11.19 主要内容 ◼ 供给：预计明年或继续维持相对低位，TLAC债有所补充 ✓ 近年来二永净供给下台阶，今年以来明显缩量。20-20年净供给约1万亿元，22-23年约为7000亿元，24年仅5500亿元左右，25年至今下降至3630亿元。 ✓ 市场步入成熟期：大行资本补充需求趋缓，中小银行承压或成发行主力。 ✓ 银行二永债：综合监管要求和资本充足率现状、二永债到期分布和获得批文情况，展望2026年，二永净融资可能维持平稳偏低水平，或与2024-2025年大致 相当（4000-5000亿左右），且呈现"大行占比下降、股份行/中小行占比提升"的特征。 ✓ TLAC非资本债券：2024-2025年发行规模整体低于预期，考虑TLAC监管指标现状、政策时点和TLAC债券发行计划额度，预计未来TLAC债券的供给压力也 相对可控，2026年净供给预计维持在3000亿元左右，或是银行次级债供给的重要补充。 ...

Core Viewpoint - The recent trend of banks redeeming perpetual bonds and subordinated debt is driven by the need to optimize capital structure, reduce financing costs, and comply with regulatory requirements during a declining interest rate environment [1][3][4]. Group 1: Redemption Activities - Multiple banks, including China Construction Bank, CITIC Bank, and Ningbo Bank, have announced full redemptions of their 2020-issued perpetual bonds, with amounts ranging from tens of billions to hundreds of billions [1][3]. - As of September 21, 2023, the total redemption scale of bank perpetual bonds has reached 729.28 billion yuan this year, with a year-on-year increase of over 180% compared to last year's total of 1.11 trillion yuan [3][4]. Group 2: Drivers Behind Redemption - The primary drivers for the redemption of old bonds include the current macroeconomic environment of declining interest rates, allowing banks to replace high-cost debt with lower-cost alternatives [4][6]. - Regulatory requirements, particularly for globally systemically important banks, necessitate maintaining a total loss-absorbing capacity (TLAC) risk-weighted ratio of no less than 16%, prompting banks to optimize their capital structure through debt replacement [4][7]. Group 3: Capital Structure Optimization - New subordinated debt has a higher proportion counted towards capital, which can quickly enhance banks' Tier 2 capital and improve key regulatory indicators like capital adequacy ratios [6][7]. - The efficiency of old subordinated debt diminishes after five years, leading banks to redeem these bonds to maintain adequate capital buffers and comply with new regulatory standards [6][7]. Group 4: Future Outlook - As more existing capital instruments approach their redemption windows, the pace of replacing perpetual bonds is expected to accelerate, driven by stricter counter-cyclical capital regulations [7]. - If the macroeconomic interest rate trend remains downward, banks will likely continue to benefit from cost advantages in issuing new bonds, further incentivizing the redemption of old debt [7].