证 券 研 究 报 告 【债券周报】 当前或为储备票息资产的较好窗口 ——信用周报 20251123 ❖ 信用债市场复盘 1、本周信用债收益率窄幅震荡，信用利差走势分化。本周中日摩擦有所升温 叠加美股高位回调，权益风险偏好减弱，但债市缺乏交易主线，股债跷跷板效 应不明显，债市震荡偏弱。 2、本周信用债 ETF 成分券估值波动较大，超额利差明显上行，出现超跌。信 用债 ETF 成分券超额利差自 6 月初开始快速下行，7 月下旬压缩至低位后窄 幅震荡，本周信用债 ETF 成分券超额利差上行。究其原因，一方面，信用债 整体表现偏弱，成分券流动性较好，出现超跌；另一方面，7 月以来成分券超 额利差在-10BP 左右低位震荡，前期第二批科创债 ETF 上市完成后短期增量 资金有限，估值出现回归。 ❖ 后市展望：11 月底至 12 月初将进入年末配置行情，重点关注机构配置行为变 化，考虑到明年债市或仍将窄幅震荡，当前或为储备票息资产的较好窗口，3y 以内品种利差已压缩至 2024 年最低点以下，性价比较低，或可适当拉长久期 博取收益。此外，市场对基金费率新规最终版本讨论较多，关注后续落地情况。 ❖ 信用策略：4-5y 品 ...

证 券 研 究 报 告 供需两弱下的逆风局 2026年银行二永债年度策略 证券分析师：黄伟平 A0230524110002 杨雪芳 A0230524120003 研究支持： 曹璇 A0230125070001 2025.11.19 主要内容 ◼ 供给：预计明年或继续维持相对低位，TLAC债有所补充 ✓ 近年来二永净供给下台阶，今年以来明显缩量。20-20年净供给约1万亿元，22-23年约为7000亿元，24年仅5500亿元左右，25年至今下降至3630亿元。 ✓ 市场步入成熟期：大行资本补充需求趋缓，中小银行承压或成发行主力。 ✓ 银行二永债：综合监管要求和资本充足率现状、二永债到期分布和获得批文情况，展望2026年，二永净融资可能维持平稳偏低水平，或与2024-2025年大致 相当（4000-5000亿左右），且呈现"大行占比下降、股份行/中小行占比提升"的特征。 ✓ TLAC非资本债券：2024-2025年发行规模整体低于预期，考虑TLAC监管指标现状、政策时点和TLAC债券发行计划额度，预计未来TLAC债券的供给压力也 相对可控，2026年净供给预计维持在3000亿元左右，或是银行次级债供给的重要补充。 ...

Group 1 - The report emphasizes maintaining duration as the year-end approaches, with a focus on medium to long-term credit varieties, particularly 4-5 year products which show marginal improvement in cost-performance despite still low spread levels [2][10][12] - The current yield range for long-term credit bonds (5 years and above) rated AA+ and above is between 2.16% and 2.66%, indicating a certain level of yield cost-performance [3][10] - The report notes that funds have significantly increased their allocation to 5-year and above credit bonds, reflecting a trend towards extending duration for yield [3][10] Group 2 - The report highlights key policies and events, including Tianjin's measures to support high-quality development of REITs, which aim to enhance capital market services for the real economy [4][19] - The upcoming revision of the "Commercial Bank M&A Loan Management Measures" is expected to broaden the scope of applicable loans and optimize loan conditions, which could facilitate mergers and acquisitions [4][19][24] - The report mentions that the National Development and Reform Commission has recommended 105 infrastructure REITs projects to the CSRC, with 83 already issued, indicating a normalization in the issuance of infrastructure REITs [4][19][24] Group 3 - The report indicates that the credit bond market has seen a majority of yields decline, with financial bonds performing better, while credit spreads have shown divergence [6][10] - The issuance scale of credit bonds this week was 269.9 billion, a decrease of 20.5 billion from the previous week, with net financing also down [7][10] - The report notes a decrease in trading activity in both the interbank and exchange markets for credit bonds, suggesting a decline in market liquidity [7][10]

Group 1 - The overall outlook for credit bonds in November remains optimistic, influenced by the new public fund redemption fee regulations and changes in the equity market [1][23] - The credit bond yield curve showed a downward trend in October, particularly after the central bank announced the resumption of government bond trading, leading to a better performance of credit bonds compared to interest rates [2][16] - Historical performance of credit strategies in November since 2021 indicates that most strategies have yielded positive returns, except for the negative impact seen in November 2022 due to a redemption wave [9][12] Group 2 - In October, the strategy of extending duration yielded the best returns among various credit strategies, with city investment bonds outperforming others [4][6] - The yield of 3Y AAA-rated secondary capital bonds decreased from 2.06% to 1.90% by the end of October, reflecting a strong upward trend in credit bonds [16] - The historical percentile rankings for various credit bonds indicate that there is still room for yields to decline, particularly for 5Y secondary capital bonds [22][23] Group 3 - The investment recommendation for November suggests maintaining a relatively optimistic stance on credit strategies, supported by high historical percentiles and a favorable liquidity environment [22][23] - The resumption of government bond trading and overall loose funding rates are expected to continue supporting the upward trend in credit bonds, although the depth of this trend remains to be observed [22][23] - The cost of liabilities for banks has decreased significantly, encouraging increased investment in bonds [22][23]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - In November, credit bonds are expected to show a volatile trend, but there are certain participation opportunities. It is recommended to seize the opportunity to buy medium - and high - grade varieties on dips. The ticket - coupon strategy is the main approach, and attention should be paid to the investment opportunities brought by the centralized position - building of amortized fixed - open bond funds [1][28]. - The supply of credit bonds in November may increase seasonally, but the incremental supply is not expected to be large. The demand side shows that bank wealth management still has increments, and the impact of the new public offering regulations on bond funds is expected to be limited [20]. 3. Summary According to Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Credit Bond Market Review and Outlook 3.1.1 October Credit Bond Market Review - In October, credit bond yields declined across the board, with the decline more than that of the same - term interest - rate bonds. Medium - and long - term bonds performed better than short - term bonds, and general credit bonds outperformed financial bonds [11]. - By week, the performance of credit bonds was affected by factors such as holiday data, tariff frictions, equity markets, risk - aversion sentiment, policy expectations, and the restart of treasury bond trading. The yields and spreads of credit bonds showed different trends in each week [10]. - As of November 2, the full - caliber wealth management scale dropped to 31.5 trillion yuan, a decrease of 6.1 billion yuan from the previous week. The net - breaking rates of all bank wealth management products and wealth management subsidiaries decreased [13]. 3.1.2 November Credit Bond Market Outlook - Supply: Seasonally, credit bond supply usually increases in November, but considering the continuous contraction of urban investment bond supply, the supply increment this year may not be large [20]. - Demand: Bank wealth management is expected to have positive growth in November, but the incremental growth may continue to narrow. If the new public offering regulations are mitigated, the impact on bond funds may be limited [20]. - Overall, credit bonds are expected to fluctuate in November. There are participation opportunities, but it is difficult to have an independent trend. It is recommended to buy medium - and high - grade varieties on dips. Pay attention to the investment opportunities brought by the centralized position - building of amortized fixed - open bond funds [28]. 3.2 Primary Market 3.2.1 Issuance Volume - In October 2025, the credit bond issuance scale was 1492.311 billion yuan, an increase of 161.8 billion yuan year - on - year and a decrease of 270.9 billion yuan month - on - month. The net financing amount was 310.974 billion yuan, a decrease of 132.1 billion yuan year - on - year and an increase of 140.4 billion yuan month - on - month [34]. - By type, the net financing amount of urban investment bonds was - 5.838 billion yuan, while that of industrial bonds and financial bonds was 300.042 billion and 16.77 billion yuan respectively [34]. 3.2.2 Issuance Cost - From October 1 to 31, the average issuance interest rate of credit bonds was 2.22%, a decrease of 8.4bp compared with September. The average issuance interest rates of industrial bonds and urban investment bonds decreased, while that of financial bonds increased [39]. 3.2.3 Issuance Term - From October 1 to 31, the average issuance term of credit bonds was 2.95 years, a decrease of 0.01 year compared with September. The average issuance terms of industrial bonds and financial bonds increased, while that of urban investment bonds decreased [48]. 3.2.4 Cancellation of Issuance - In October, 27 credit bonds were cancelled for issuance, with a cancellation scale of 10.687 billion yuan, a decrease of 26 bonds and 17.993 billion yuan respectively compared with the previous month [49]. 3.3 Secondary Market 3.3.1 Trading Volume - In October, the trading volume of all credit bond varieties except insurance sub - bonds decreased compared with the previous month. The trading volume of bank secondary capital bonds decreased the most, followed by bank perpetual bonds [54]. - By trading term, 1 - 5 - year urban investment bonds were more popular. The trading performance of industrial bonds varied by term, and the trading terms of bank perpetual bonds and some other bonds also showed different trends [54]. - By implied rating, the trading of urban investment bonds shifted from medium - rated to other ratings, while that of industrial bonds shifted to high - rated bonds [55]. 3.3.2 Trading Liquidity - In October, the turnover rates of urban investment bonds, industrial bonds, and financial bonds all decreased. By trading term, the turnover rate of 1 - 3 - year urban investment bonds decreased the most, and that of less than 1 - year industrial and financial bonds decreased the most [57]. 3.3.3 Spread Tracking - In October, the spreads of all urban investment bond varieties narrowed, with medium - and long - term spreads narrowing more significantly. The 5 - year AA - rated variety had the largest narrowing amplitude of 22bp [62]. - By region, most spreads in October narrowed, with the narrowing amplitude of each province not exceeding 5bp [66]. - In October, the spreads of AAA - rated and AA - rated industrial bonds in all industries narrowed, with the AA - rated bonds having a larger average narrowing amplitude [67]. - In October, the spreads of bank secondary and perpetual bonds narrowed, with medium - and long - term spreads narrowing more significantly [70]. - In October, most spreads of securities sub - bonds narrowed, while those of insurance sub - bonds narrowed across the board [72]. 3.4 October Hot Bonds Overview - The report selects the top 20 urban investment bonds, industrial bonds, and financial bonds in terms of liquidity scores for investors' reference [74]. 3.5 Credit Rating Adjustment Review - In October, 7 bonds had their debt ratings upgraded, and there were no downgrades [78].

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - No information provided in the content 2. Core Views of the Report - This week, credit bond yields declined significantly, and spreads showed a divergent trend, with 4 - 5y varieties outperforming. Although the SSE Composite Index breaking through 4000 points had an impact on the bond market, the central bank's announcement of restarting treasury bond trading and the unexpected decline in the October manufacturing PMI led to a relatively strong performance in the bond market. The improvement in institutional sentiment towards credit bond allocation drove the relatively strong performance of 4 - 5y credit varieties, with a large narrowing in spreads, while most 1 - 2y varieties and medium - term notes over 5y widened passively [1][7]. - Key policies and hot events included the release of the "Administrative Measures for Asset Management Trusts (Draft for Comment)" by the Financial Regulatory Administration, Vanke receiving a loan of up to 2.2 billion yuan from its major shareholder Shenzhen Metro Group, Vanke's Q3 2025 report showing a decline in operating income and a net loss, and the central bank's report on the financial work situation indicating a significant reduction in the number of financing platforms and the scale of operating financial debts [1][2][10]. 3. Summaries According to the Table of Contents 3.1 Credit Bond Market Review: Most Yields Declined, 4 - 5y Varieties Performed Better - Credit bond yields declined significantly this week, and spreads showed a divergent trend, with 4 - 5y varieties outperforming. The central bank's announcement of restarting treasury bond trading and the unexpected decline in the October manufacturing PMI led to a relatively strong performance in the bond market. The improvement in institutional sentiment towards credit bond allocation drove the relatively strong performance of 4 - 5y credit varieties, with a large narrowing in spreads, while most 1 - 2y varieties and medium - term notes over 5y widened passively [1][7]. 3.2 Key Policies and Hot Events: Vanke Received Another Loan from Shenzhen Metro Group, and the "Administrative Measures for Asset Management Trusts (Draft for Comment)" was Released - On October 31, the Financial Regulatory Administration released the "Administrative Measures for Asset Management Trusts (Draft for Comment)" to strengthen supervision, prevent risks, and standardize the development of the trust industry [10]. - On October 30, Vanke announced that its major shareholder Shenzhen Metro Group would provide a loan of up to 2.2 billion yuan to repay the principal and interest of its publicly - issued bonds. As of the announcement date, Shenzhen Metro Group had provided a cumulative loan of 26.93 billion yuan (excluding this time) [2][10]. - On October 30, Vanke released its Q3 2025 report. In the first three quarters, the company's total operating income was 161.388 billion yuan, a year - on - year decrease of 26.61%, and the net profit attributable to the parent company was a loss of 28.016 billion yuan, a year - on - year decrease of 56.14%. Although Vanke's self - repayment ability was weak, it had received support from its major shareholder and financial institutions [2][11]. - On October 28, the central bank released the State Council's report on the financial work situation, stating that as of the end of September 2025, the number of national financing platforms and the scale of operating financial debts had decreased by 71% and 62% respectively compared to the end of March 2023, and risks had been significantly mitigated. The central bank emphasized continuing to support the debt - resolution work of financing platforms and their market - oriented transformation [2][12]. 3.3 Secondary Market: Credit Bond Yields Generally Declined, and Credit Spreads Showed a Divergent Trend - Yields of medium - and short - term notes generally declined by 2 - 13BP, with spreads of 4 - 5y varieties narrowing by 4 - 8BP, and spreads of most other maturities widening by 0 - 4BP [14]. - For urban investment bonds, yields of various varieties generally declined by 4 - 11BP, with 4 - 5y varieties performing better. Credit spreads showed a divergent trend, with spreads of most varieties narrowing by 1 - 6BP [14]. - For real estate bonds, except for the 1y and 3y AAA varieties, yields of other varieties generally declined by 3 - 12BP. Spreads of most varieties generally narrowed by 0 - 8BP [15]. - For cyclical bonds, yields of coal bonds generally declined by 2 - 12BP, and spreads of most varieties narrowed by 0 - 9BP. Yields of steel bonds generally declined by 3 - 12BP, and spreads of most varieties narrowed by 0 - 8BP [15]. - For financial bonds, yields of bank secondary capital bonds and perpetual bonds of various maturities declined by 5 - 12BP, and spreads of most varieties narrowed by 1 - 8BP. Yields of securities firm sub - bonds generally declined by 1 - 9BP, and spreads of most varieties generally narrowed by 0 - 3BP. Yields of insurance sub - bonds generally declined by 5 - 11BP, and spreads of most varieties generally narrowed by 1 - 4BP [15]. 3.4 Primary Market: Net Financing of Credit Bonds and Urban Investment Bonds Declined Month - on - Month - This week, the issuance scale of credit bonds was 224.8 billion yuan, a month - on - month decrease of 246.7 billion yuan, and the net financing was - 12.6 billion yuan, a month - on - month decrease of 148.5 billion yuan. The issuance scale of urban investment bonds was 105.6 billion yuan, a decrease of 5.83 billion yuan from last week, and the net financing was - 36.6 billion yuan, a decrease of - 4.96 billion yuan from last week [4]. 3.5 Trading Liquidity: Trading Activity in the Inter - bank Market Decreased, and Trading Activity in the Exchange Market Increased - This week, the trading activity of credit bonds in the inter - bank market decreased, and the trading volume decreased from 586 billion yuan last week to 580.7 billion yuan. The trading activity in the exchange market increased, and the trading volume increased from 381.7 billion yuan last week to 435.8 billion yuan [4]. 3.6 Rating Adjustment: One Entity's Rating was Upgraded, and No Entity's Rating was Downgraded - This week, the rating of one entity was upgraded, and no entity's rating was downgraded [4].

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core View of the Report - Last week, the trends of interest - rate bonds and credit bonds diverged. Interest - rate bonds adjusted slightly, while credit bonds showed strong resilience and continued to recover, with ultra - long - term varieties having the highest repair degree [3][10][27]. - The market of Tier 2 capital bonds (Two - tier bonds) weakened, and the repair degree of the ultra - long - term part was weaker than that of other ultra - long - term credit bonds [4][17]. - The start of the ultra - long - term credit bond market was not driven by major non - bank institutions such as funds, wealth management, and insurance, so the sustainability of the market may not be stable. It is recommended that institutions with unstable liability ends avoid chasing the rise of ultra - long - term credit bonds. Instead, it is advisable to focus on short - and medium - term coupon sinking strategies [5][26][27]. 3. Summary by Related Catalogs 3.1 Market Performance of Interest - rate Bonds and Credit Bonds - From October 20 to October 24, 2025, the yields of 1Y, 2Y, 3Y, 4Y, and 5Y treasury bonds increased by 2.8BP, decreased by 0.2BP, increased by 1.5BP, increased by 2.2BP, and increased by 2.7BP respectively. In contrast, the yields of the same - term AAA and AA+ medium - term notes decreased [10][11]. - The yields of AAA/AA+ 10Y medium - term notes decreased by 5.77BP, the yields of AAA/AA+ 10Y urban investment bonds decreased by 5.86BP and 5.85BP respectively, the yield of AAA - 10Y bank secondary capital bonds decreased by 0.17BP, while the yield of 10Y treasury bonds increased by 2.40BP [3][12][13]. 3.2 Curve Shape and Yield Quantile Analysis - The steepness of the 1 - 2 - year and 2 - 3 - year yield curves of all ratings is the highest, and the 3 - 5 - year yield curve of low - grade bonds also has a relatively high steepness [13]. - In terms of the historical quantiles of absolute yields and credit spreads, the 4 - 5Y range still has a certain cost - performance [15]. 3.3 Market Situation of Two - tier Bonds - The market of Two - tier bonds weakened, with adjustments in the 2Y - 5Y range. The repair degree of the ultra - long - term part was weaker than that of other ultra - long - term credit bonds. The yields of 1 - 5 - year, 7 - year, and 10 - year AAA - bank secondary capital bonds changed to varying degrees [4][17]. - The buying interest in the active trading of Two - tier bonds was not weak, but the proportion of transactions below the valuation was not high, and the trading volume with a discount of more than 4BP was small [19][20]. 3.4 Market Situation of Ultra - long - term Credit Bonds - There were not many sell - side transactions of ultra - long - term credit bonds last week, and the discount transaction was not a panic - selling situation. The discount transaction proportion was between 0.00% and 17.50%, and the discount amplitude was mostly within 4BP [21]. - The coupon of ultra - long - term credit bonds has a certain cost - performance, and the proportion of high - activity transactions below the valuation continued to increase, remaining at a high level throughout the week [22]. 3.5 Institutional Behavior Analysis - Last week, public funds, wealth management, and insurance all reduced their net purchases of credit bonds compared with the previous week. Funds were net sellers of 5 - 30 - year credit bonds, with a net selling scale of 10.2 billion yuan [5][26]. - Other asset management products were net buyers of credit bonds, with a net purchase of 239.9 billion yuan, mainly increasing their holdings of 3 - 30 - year varieties, with a net purchase of 75.8 billion yuan [26].

Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. Core Viewpoints The report conducts a preliminary exploration of the pricing rules of secondary and perpetual bonds (referred to as "two - perpetual bonds") issued by state - owned large - scale banks and their association with institutional behaviors. It analyzes the influence of the new VAT regulation on the pricing of new and old bonds, the pricing rules in the primary and secondary markets, and potential trading opportunities [2][11]. Group 1: Bank Sub - debt Subtle Clues - The new VAT regulation took effect on August 8th, dividing the interest income of bonds into taxable and tax - exempt based on the issuance time. To make the after - tax yields of new and old bonds of the same variety with similar remaining maturities and issued by the same entity equal, the coupon rate of new bonds should be higher than that of old bonds. For general financial institutions, the pre - tax yield ratio of new and old bonds should be around 1.068; for asset management institutions, this ratio is 1.034 [2][11]. - After August 8th, three new two - perpetual bonds were issued by large - scale banks. The ratio of the coupon rate to the issuance - day valuation of 5 + 5 - year and 10 + 5 - year secondary capital bonds is 1.035 and 1.071 respectively, indicating that the 10 + 5 - year variety contains more tax cost compensation. The difference between the coupon rate and the valuation of 5 + N - year bank perpetual bonds is only 0.01bp, showing that the tax cost compensation in the pricing of perpetual bonds is not significant [2][15]. - The pricing of new two - perpetual bonds is related to the subscription power of institutions participating in the primary market. For 5 + 5 - year secondary capital bonds, large - scale and city commercial banks' self - operations are net sellers on the first active trading day, while joint - stock banks, funds, and other product categories are net buyers. For 10 + 5 - year secondary capital bonds, city commercial banks, joint - stock banks, and securities self - operations are net sellers, and insurance, funds, and other product categories are net buyers. For bank perpetual bonds, large - scale, joint - stock, city commercial, and rural commercial banks are net sellers, and other product categories, funds, and insurance are net buyers [18][24][32]. Group 2: Review of Two - perpetual Bond Pricing Rules - The pricing logic of new bonds in the cash market is dominated by trading desks. For 5 - year large - scale bank secondary capital bonds, the yield ratio of new and old bonds is generally between 1.03 and 1.04 and shows an upward trend. The slow decline in the valuation of new bonds is due to the immature pricing mechanism after the implementation of the new VAT regulation, which makes investors prefer old bonds [4][42]. - For 10 - year large - scale bank secondary capital bonds, the yield ratio of new and old bonds is concentrated between 1.028 and 1.038 and has decreased significantly compared to the initial listing. After the holiday, the ratio has rebounded, affected by the lower liquidity of new bonds and the increased profit - taking by bank self - operations. The continuous buying by insurance indicates that ultra - long - term secondary bonds still need to stabilize [4][48]. - For large - scale bank perpetual bonds, the yield ratio of new and old bonds fluctuates between 1.015 and 1.022. It is lower than that of secondary capital bonds because the trading volume of bank self - operations and other institutions is relatively small, and the liquidity of perpetual bonds is poor. When funds net - buy new perpetual bonds, the yield ratio of new and old bonds increases; when the selling volume of funds increases, the yield ratio decreases, indicating that new perpetual bonds have better defensive properties [5][55]. Group 3: Some Thoughts on Trading Opportunities - The yield of 5 - year large - scale bank secondary capital bonds fluctuates around the spread range of 10 - year treasury bonds. When the yield breaks through the upper limit of 10 - year treasury bonds + 30bp, the probability of a subsequent rebound increases; when it breaks through the lower limit of treasury bonds + 20bp, the probability of a subsequent correction rises. However, the new bonds issued after August 8th may be affected by the VAT on interest income, which may interfere with the effectiveness of the signal [64]. - One way to deal with new bonds is to convert the yield of new secondary capital bonds through the yield ratio of comparable new and old bonds, but its effectiveness is difficult to verify. Another way is to construct a new rotation signal using new 5 - year secondary capital bonds and 10 - year treasury bonds. The new bond combination will indicate an oversold rebound later and an over - bought defense earlier compared to the initial signal. Institutions with a lower VAT rate can obtain excess tax compensation by investing in new bonds with higher tax compensation [68].

Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. Core Viewpoints of the Report - The anti - fall asset spectrum during the bond market adjustment period is: Treasury bonds > Certificates of deposit > Urban investment bonds > Bank perpetual bonds > Bank secondary capital bonds. Low - grade urban investment bonds sometimes show resilience beyond their credit ratings in liquidity - driven adjustments, and investors can return to the coupon strategy under liquidity pressure [1]. Summary According to Relevant Catalogs 1. Bond Market Adjustment Review and Core Driving Factors - The bond market generally shows a characteristic of "long bull and short bear". In recent years, the bond market yield has been oscillating downward, but there have been several sharp market drops. Since 2020, the bond market has experienced six significant adjustments. Except for the large - scale and long - lasting adjustment in 2020, during the other five adjustments, the adjustment range of the 10Y Treasury bond yield was generally concentrated between 10 - 30bp, and the adjustment duration was concentrated between 10 - 30 days [2][13]. - The core driving factors of the six adjustments can be summarized into three categories: - Monetary policy and liquidity drive (e.g., May 2020, August 2023, February 2025): Central bank actively tightens or marginally tightens liquidity, rapid increase in capital interest rates, or supply shocks and credit events leading to liquidity stratification. Short - term interest rates usually rise more than long - term ones, and the yield curve flattens bearishly [17]. - Economic growth and inflation expectation drive (e.g., February 2022): Macro - economic data such as PMI and credit are better than expected, or there is significant inflation pressure (PPI, CPI). The market forms a solid consensus of "fundamental improvement", which is the core signal of the bull - to - bear transition. Long - term interest rates rise more significantly, and the term spread may widen [27]. - Policy drive (e.g., September 2024): Caused by major policies such as real estate and epidemic prevention or external events such as trade tariffs, the market's economic expectation for the future changes fundamentally, and funds flow from safe - haven assets to risk assets [28]. 2. Anti - fall Asset Selection Matrix under Different Driving Factors - Credit bonds are afraid of liability - side shocks, and interest - rate bonds are afraid of fundamental repair expectations. When institutional behavior dominates, interest - rate bonds are more anti - fall; when fundamental repair expectations dominate, credit bonds are relatively more anti - fall [29]. - **Monetary policy and liquidity drive (e.g., August 2023, February 2025)**: The anti - fall degree of various assets (the smaller the yield increase, the more anti - fall) is: Low - grade urban investment bonds (short - term) > Treasury bonds (medium - long - term) > Certificates of deposit ≈ High - grade urban investment bonds (short - term) > Perpetual and secondary capital bonds (all terms). Under liquidity shocks, low - grade urban investment bonds and interest - rate bonds, especially medium - long - term Treasury bonds, are the most anti - fall. Certificates of deposit have a medium adjustment range as they are directly affected by capital interest rates. Perpetual and secondary capital bonds have the most severe adjustment and are the most vulnerable due to their duration and liquidity premium risks [3][29]. - **Multiple factors such as policy drive + economic growth and inflation expectation (e.g., August 2022, September 2024)**: The anti - fall degree of assets is: Treasury bonds (short - term) > Certificates of deposit > Treasury bonds (medium - long - term) > High - grade perpetual/urban investment bonds > Low - grade perpetual bonds > Low - grade urban investment bonds. Short - term Treasury bonds and certificates of deposit are relatively insensitive to changes in risk appetite. Long - term interest - rate bonds are significantly adjusted due to improved fundamental expectations. Credit bonds, especially low - grade ones, have the largest adjustment range, and funds flow from low - grade credit bonds to risk assets such as equities. Overall, Treasury bonds > Certificates of deposit > Urban investment bonds > Bank perpetual bonds > Bank secondary capital bonds. Low - grade urban investment bonds can attract some investors to adopt the coupon strategy in the liquidity pressure stage due to their relatively high coupon income, thus showing better anti - fall characteristics than high - grade credit bonds in some periods [4][30]. 3. Summary of Common Characteristics of Anti - fall Assets and Investment Suggestions - Assets with strong anti - fall ability generally have higher liquidity, lower duration risk, and stronger safe - haven attributes. The anti - fall ability of low - grade urban investment bonds partly comes from their "high coupon" feature. In periods of high volatility and uncertainty, some investors turn to the "coupon strategy" [37]. - **Investment suggestions**: - Predict the decline space based on driving factors. Find 1 - 2 adjustments with the most similar driving factors, macro - environment, and market structure from historical reviews as a "reference". When expecting liquidity tightening or institutional behavior shocks, significantly shorten the portfolio duration and increase the allocation of certificates of deposit [39]. - Choose to take profits in time based on odds factors. The assets with the largest adjustment in a sharp bond market decline are often those that were over - bought due to crowded trading, such as short - term interest - rate bonds from January to February this year [39]. - Build a "core - satellite" asset portfolio: Use interest - rate bonds and certificates of deposit as the core ballast to provide anti - fall ability during bond market adjustments, and use perpetual and secondary capital bonds and urban investment bonds to seek higher coupons and excess returns [39]. - Use perpetual and secondary capital bonds as the "reverse indicator" of the market: They are both a signal of market over - optimism and risk accumulation when their spreads narrow significantly and trading is crowded, and an early indicator of market adjustment, suggesting reducing risk assets and switching to a defensive mode [39]. - Use the low - grade urban investment bond coupon strategy as a buffer for fluctuations: In the stage of rising market volatility without systematic credit risk, carefully select short - to - medium - term low - grade urban investment bonds with reliable cash flows, and adopt the "buy and hold to maturity" strategy to obtain high coupons. In the current market environment where the downward space of interest rates is limited and volatility is increasing, the allocation value of the coupon strategy is prominent [40].

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - This section is not provided in the content. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - Q4 credit spreads may continue to fluctuate and adjust, with greater potential pressure on the long - end [7]. - It is recommended to control duration for credit bonds, and short - end sinking and carry strategies are preferable [7]. - For financial bonds, pay attention to participation opportunities in new - bond price discovery, and the trading difficulty of Tier 2 and perpetual bonds is increasing [7]. - For general credit bonds, use short - duration as a shield and coupon as a spear to find structural opportunities [7]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Q3 Review: Supply Weak, Credit Follow - up Adjustment, Short - end Superior 3.1.1 Primary Market - In 2025Q3, the issuance and net supply of traditional credit bonds decreased slightly. The issuance and net financing of industrial bonds decreased, while those of urban investment bonds increased. The issuance and net financing of bank Tier 2 and perpetual bonds decreased significantly, and the net financing of Tier 2 and perpetual bonds turned negative [15][20]. 3.1.2 Secondary Market - In Q3, credit bonds followed the adjustment of interest - rate bonds but did not over - adjust. The short - end performed better than the long - end. Yields generally increased, credit spreads at the 1 - year term narrowed, and those at the medium - and long - terms generally widened. Short - end rating spreads mostly widened, and medium - and long - end spreads narrowed. Term spreads generally widened, and the holding - period yield of the 1 - year term remained positive [25][28][36]. 3.2 How to Evaluate the Spread Pricing of Various Products after the New VAT Regulations? 3.2.1 Impact of ChinaBond Valuation on Spread Calculation - Since August 8, 2025, the restoration of VAT on the interest income of government bonds, local bonds, and financial bonds has different impacts on different institutions. The impact order is financial institutions' self - operation > public funds > other asset management products > qualified overseas investors [43]. - The compilation arrangement of ChinaBond bond valuation and yield curve during the transition period may affect the calculation results of credit spreads and term spreads [47]. 3.2.2 Credit Spreads - When new government - development bonds are issued, the credit spread center of general credit bonds may shift downward systematically, and the situation of financial bonds may be more complex. To eliminate the impact of VAT, adjustments can be made through the new - old bond spread of financial bonds [51][54]. 3.2.3 Term Spreads - When new financial bonds are issued, the term spread center of the corresponding new - issue term may increase in the short term and remain at a high level. To eliminate the impact of VAT, adjustments can be made through the new - old bond spread of financial bonds [57]. 3.3 Perspective of Institutional Behavior: Pay Attention to the Impact of Chip Switching on the Credit Bond Market 3.3.1 Public Funds - Due to the comparison of various asset classes and the new public fund fee regulations, the liability side of off - exchange bond funds faces significant challenges. The stock growth rate and proportion of bond - type funds have declined since July 2025, and funds may flow to bond ETFs, wealth management products, and special - account entrusted products. The demand structure of credit bonds may be reshaped [69][72]. 3.3.2 Wealth Management Products - Near the end - of - year regulatory deadline for net - value smoothing rectification, wealth management products face greater valuation fluctuations and may be more cautious in bond - allocation behavior. Although their liquidity management ability has been enhanced, the real liquidity of credit bond ETFs may not meet their needs. In the short term, the expansion of wealth management scale faces pressure, but in the long term, the new public fund fee regulations may be beneficial to the expansion of wealth management scale [5]. 3.3.3 Changes in Credit Bond Allocation Behavior of Various Institutions - Recently, the chip - switching feature of credit bonds is obvious. The buying power of public funds has weakened, while wealth management products have become a stabilizer for credit bonds. Insurance has stronger demand support, and rural commercial banks prefer general credit bonds. Long - term credit may face re - pricing [5]. 3.4 Q4 Outlook: Pressure Remains, Short - end as Shield and Coupon as Spear - Credit spreads may continue to fluctuate and adjust in Q4, with greater potential pressure on the long - end. It is recommended to control duration, and short - end sinking and carry strategies are preferable. For financial bonds, pay attention to new - bond price discovery opportunities, and be cautious about Tier 2 and perpetual bonds. For general credit bonds, look for structural opportunities in the primary market, urban investment bonds, high - grade private and perpetual bonds, and based on credit bond ETFs [7].