贾里德·艾萨克曼 IC photo "政客新闻网"获得的文件显示，艾萨克曼主张彻底改变NASA的运作方式，将部分任务外包给私营企 业。他提出了"科学即服务"的设想，建议NASA从商业公司购买科学数据，而不是构建自己的卫星网 络。 艾萨克曼还建议让NASA停止资助气候科学任务，"由学术界自行决定相关研究方向"。 在美国重返月球的"阿耳忒弥斯计划"方面，艾萨克曼认为，NASA应该停止研发"太空发射系 统"（SLS）火箭，并取消在月球轨道上建造"门户"（Gateway）空间站的计划。 艾萨克曼还质疑，NASA喷气推进实验室（JPL）等机构的合同结构"非常昂贵"，他认为NASA必须"提 高产出和科学成果的关键绩效指标（KPI）"。他建议以喷气推进实验室为例"审视各机构存在的意义"， 并以怀疑的语气写道："在JPL到底'建造'过什么？" 【文/观察者网 陈思佳】近期，美国国家航空航天局（NASA）局长职位之争逐渐升级，美国交通部 长、NASA代理局长肖恩·达菲有意转正，先前遭美国总统特朗普撤回提名的美国亿万富翁贾里德·艾萨 克曼则打算重新加入竞争。 在这场"争夺战"白热化之际，美媒曝光的一份文件显示，艾萨克曼寻求对NA ...

Core Points - The Shenzhou 21 manned spacecraft successfully docked with the Tianhe core module of the space station, achieving a record docking time of approximately 3.5 hours, significantly shorter than the previous 6.5 hours for earlier missions [2] - The rapid docking was made possible through advancements in launch and orbit control, optimized trajectory design, and enhanced system adaptability, which collectively improve mission flexibility and emergency response capabilities [2] - The Long March 2F rocket, which is the only active manned launch vehicle in China, underwent nearly 20 technical improvements to enhance reliability and safety, ensuring precise and stable flight [3] - The escape system of the Long March 2F rocket is designed to ensure astronaut safety, capable of rapidly detaching the crew capsule from the rocket in case of a critical failure [3] - The spacecraft's sealing components and astronaut suits have undergone rigorous testing to ensure reliability under various conditions, including fatigue and environmental stress [4] - Successful manned space missions rely on the efficient collaboration of multiple systems, including energy supply, information communication, and precise docking systems [5] - The power supply system faced unprecedented challenges during the rapid docking, requiring quick stabilization and energy provision for maneuvering [5] - A robust measurement and control communication system, comprising global ground stations and data relay satellites, ensures real-time data transmission and command execution between the ground and the spacecraft [6] - The docking mechanism has evolved to a controlled damping buffer system, enhancing adaptability and reliability during the final docking phase [6]

Core Insights - The introduction of a space oven on the Chinese space station has allowed astronauts to enjoy barbecued food, marking a significant advancement in space cuisine [1][2] - The variety of food available to astronauts has expanded to over 190 types, enhancing their dining experience during missions [1] - The evolution of space food from basic rations to gourmet options reflects China's technological advancements and commitment to improving astronaut welfare [1] Summary by Categories Technological Advancements - The space oven represents a breakthrough in space food technology, enabling the preparation of various grilled foods such as chicken wings, skewers, and steaks [1] - The success of this initiative is attributed to precise control of the environmental system and stable support from the energy system for high-power equipment [1] Astronaut Welfare - The focus on providing enjoyable meals for astronauts emphasizes the importance of their quality of life during missions, beyond just completing scientific tasks [2] - The diverse menu includes main dishes, desserts, and snacks, ensuring that astronauts have a varied and satisfying diet [1] National Pride and Innovation - The ability to prepare and enjoy barbecued food in space symbolizes China's self-reliance and innovative spirit in the aerospace sector [2] - The initiative has garnered positive public sentiment, showcasing the achievements of China's space program [2]

Core Viewpoint - The company is establishing an Artificial Intelligence Satellite Application Technology Center in Shenzhen to realign its aerospace business focus on advanced AI applications in satellite technology [1] Group 1: Company Developments - The wholly-owned subsidiary, Hong Kong Aerospace Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., will lead the establishment of the new center [1] - The center will concentrate on intelligent decision-making using satellite remote sensing data and AI processing and analysis of satellite data [1] Group 2: Technological Focus - The center aims to promote brain-like chips and digital twin autonomous cognitive upgrades for satellite AI operations [1] - It will also work on quantum collaborative computing for satellite constellations, focusing on autonomous control and fault tolerance [1] - The development includes an AI system that integrates communication, energy, and computing constraints for satellite swarm collaboration [1]

Group 1 - The Shenzhou-20 and Shenzhou-21 crews successfully met in space, capturing the seventh "family photo" in space history [1] - This event marks a significant milestone in China's space exploration efforts, showcasing the achievements of Chinese astronauts [1][3] Group 2 - The article reflects on the seven reunion moments of Chinese astronauts, highlighting the joy and camaraderie among them [3]

Group 1 - SpaceX has submitted a "streamlined" lunar landing plan to NASA in response to the agency's dissatisfaction with the company's progress on crewed lunar lander development [1][3] - The company has achieved 49 "milestone" research and development results and plans to conduct a long-duration flight test of its next-generation heavy-lift rocket, Starship, next year [3] - NASA's acting administrator has criticized SpaceX for delays in the development of the crewed lunar lander and has allowed competitors like Blue Origin to participate in the lunar lander bidding process [5] Group 2 - The Artemis lunar program was announced by the U.S. in 2019, with the first unmanned lunar flyby test, Artemis 1, executed in November 2022; however, crewed missions have faced multiple delays due to significant technological development setbacks [7] - SpaceX was awarded a contract worth approximately $2.9 billion by NASA in 2021 to develop and manufacture the lunar lander [7]

Core Points - The Shenzhou 21 manned spacecraft successfully docked with the Tianhe core module of the Chinese space station on November 1, marking the seventh "space meeting" in China's space history [1][7] - The docking process took approximately 3.5 hours, setting a new record for the fastest docking between a Shenzhou spacecraft and the space station [3][19] - The Shenzhou 21 crew will stay at the space station for about six months, conducting various scientific and application tasks [9] Group 1: Docking Process - The Shenzhou 21 spacecraft underwent four orbital maneuvers before successfully docking, with the entire process taking about 3.5 hours [3][5] - This docking time has been reduced from the previous 6.5 hours, showcasing advancements in docking technology [5][17] - The new docking mode requires higher precision in both the space station's attitude control and the rocket's launch accuracy [11][13] Group 2: Technological Advancements - The ability to achieve a 3.5-hour docking time represents a significant leap in China's manned spaceflight capabilities [19] - The improvements in docking efficiency enhance astronaut comfort and safety, as well as overall mission efficiency [19] - This advancement is crucial for future deep space missions, including manned lunar and Mars exploration [19] Group 3: Future Plans - The Shenzhou 21 crew will engage in tasks such as extravehicular activities, cargo operations, and installation of space debris protection devices [9] - The successful docking and subsequent operations will contribute to the comprehensive application benefits of the space station [9]

Core Points - The Shenzhou 21 manned spacecraft achieved a significant milestone by completing a 3.5-hour rendezvous and docking with the Tianhe core module of the Chinese space station, marking a breakthrough in China's autonomous rapid rendezvous technology [1][2] - This achievement reflects a major evolution in China's docking technology, transitioning from the initial 44-hour docking with Tiangong-1 to a standard of 6.5 hours, and now to the current 3.5 hours [1][2] Summary by Sections Technological Advancements - The reduction in docking time was achieved by decreasing the number of orbits from 3 to 2 during the remote guidance phase and shortening the initial distance in the close-range guidance phase [2] - The GNC (Guidance, Navigation, and Control) system plays a crucial role in managing the entire docking process, from launch to docking and return, by processing vast amounts of data for precise decision-making [3] Energy Management - The rapid docking mode presents new challenges for the spacecraft's power distribution system, requiring quick maneuvers and adjustments that demand reliable energy supply [3] - Upgrades to the power distribution system allow the solar panels to quickly orient towards the sun, ensuring stable energy conditions and enhancing mission reliability [4] Mission Flexibility - The new docking mode eliminates previous constraints on launch windows related to solar panel angles, significantly improving mission planning flexibility and overall reliability [4]

Core Points - SpaceX has submitted a "streamlined" lunar landing plan to NASA in response to dissatisfaction regarding the development progress of its crewed lunar lander [1][2] - The company claims to have achieved 49 "milestone" results, including tests for protection against micro-meteoroids and space debris, as well as demonstrations of lunar environmental control, life support, and thermal control systems [1] - NASA has criticized SpaceX for delays in the development of the lunar lander and has allowed competitors like Blue Origin to participate in the bidding process [2] Group 1 - SpaceX's streamlined lunar plan was developed under pressure from NASA due to concerns over the timeline and progress of the crewed lunar lander [1] - The company plans to conduct a long-duration flight test of its next-generation heavy-lift rocket, Starship, next year, which includes complex refueling operations in space [1] - NASA's Artemis program has faced multiple delays, with the crewed lunar missions being postponed due to significant technological development setbacks [2] Group 2 - SpaceX was awarded a contract worth approximately $2.9 billion by NASA in 2021 for the development and manufacturing of the lunar lander [2] - NASA's acting administrator has publicly expressed concerns about SpaceX's progress, indicating a shift in focus towards other competitors for the lunar lander project [2] - The Artemis program aims to return humans to the Moon, but has experienced delays in both the Artemis II crewed lunar flyby and the Artemis III crewed lunar landing missions [2]

Core Viewpoint - The Shenzhou 21 mission features a notable astronaut, Zhang Hongzhang, who is a doctoral degree holder and a payload expert, marking him as the second payload expert from China to go to space after Gui Haichao from Shenzhou 16 [1][3]. Group 1: Role of Scientists in Space - Scientists, particularly payload experts, are selected for their ability to conduct important scientific experiments and technical tests in space that cannot be performed on Earth [4][6]. - Payload experts must have a strong background in specific scientific fields and undergo over two years of space training to operate experimental equipment and analyze data in the unique environment of space [4][6]. Group 2: Physical and Psychological Requirements - While the physical requirements for payload experts are lower than for astronauts and flight engineers, they still need to meet certain health standards, including the ability to withstand significant weight during launch and re-entry [7][9]. - Specific health conditions, such as dental issues or chronic diseases, disqualify candidates from becoming payload experts [10]. Group 3: Selection and Training Process - The selection process for payload experts involves a rigorous two-and-a-half-year training program that includes learning about spacecraft structure, emergency skills, and adapting to the physical sensations of space [11][13]. - After completing training, candidates must pass additional evaluations to ensure they can handle the physiological and psychological demands of space missions [13].