作者 | 第一财经 樊志菁 北京时间7月31日凌晨2点，美联储公布利率决议。 联邦公开市场委员会（FOMC）以9-2的方式决定维持利率区间在4.25%-4.50%不变。美联储主席 鲍威尔表示，可以在等待关税政策是否推高通胀的同时保持利率稳定。他透露，尚未就9月可能的政 策调整"作出任何决定"。受此影响，美股尾盘跳水，美元指数逼近100大关，国际金价走弱。 美联储重申等待关税影响明朗化 决议声明称，尽管净出口的波动影响了数据，但最近的指标表明，经济活动继续以稳健的速度扩张。 失业率仍然很低，劳动力市场状况稳健，通货膨胀率有所上升。 FOMC重申，寻求在长期内实现最大就业率和2%的通货膨胀率。经济前景的不确定性有所增加，委 员会关注其双重任务的双向风险。 美联储主席鲍威尔在会后新闻发布会上表示，今年上半年经济增长有所放缓，但美联储完全有能力应 对潜在的发展。"与去年的2.5%相比，2025年上半年的增长放缓至1.2%。增长放缓主要反映了消 费支出的放缓。"美联储主席表示，"我们认为，目前的货币政策立场使我们能够及时应对潜在的经 济发展。" 2025.07. 31 本文字数：2232，阅读时长大约4分钟 在本次会议 ...

Group 1 - The Federal Reserve decided to maintain the interest rate range at 4.25%-4.50% with a vote of 9-2, indicating a cautious approach to economic conditions and inflation [1][2] - Economic activity continues to expand at a steady pace, with low unemployment and a robust labor market, although inflation rates have risen [2][4] - The Fed aims for maximum employment and a long-term inflation rate of 2%, while acknowledging increased uncertainty in the economic outlook [2][4] Group 2 - Fed Chair Powell noted that the economic growth has slowed in the first half of the year, with a forecasted growth rate of 1.2% for the first half of 2025, down from 2.5% [2][5] - Higher tariffs are beginning to impact prices of certain goods, but the overall effect on economic activity and inflation remains to be seen [2][5] - Powell emphasized the importance of monitoring the labor market for signs of weakness, which could influence future monetary policy decisions [2][6] Group 3 - The dissenting votes from Fed officials Waller and Bowman mark a rare occurrence, as it is the first time since December 1993 that two board members formally opposed the FOMC decision [3][4] - The recent GDP growth rate of 3% in Q2 has not alleviated concerns about the economic outlook for the second half of the year [5][6] - Companies are beginning to pass on tariff costs to consumers, with Procter & Gamble and Nike indicating price increases due to tariffs [5][6]

谈及关税的影响，美联储主席表示，"更高的关税已经开始体现在一些商品的价格上，但对经济活动和 通货膨胀的总体影响还有待观察。" 鲍威尔正面对内部分裂和特朗普施压的双重考验。 北京时间7月31日凌晨2点，美联储公布利率决议。 联邦公开市场委员会（FOMC）以9-2的方式决定维持利率区间在4.25%-4.50%不变。美联储主席鲍威尔 表示，可以在等待关税政策是否推高通胀的同时保持利率稳定。他透露，尚未就9月可能的政策调整"作 出任何决定"。受此影响，美股尾盘跳水，美元指数逼近100大关，国际金价走弱。 美联储重申等待关税影响明朗化 决议声明称，尽管净出口的波动影响了数据，但最近的指标表明，经济活动继续以稳健的速度扩张。失 业率仍然很低，劳动力市场状况稳健，通货膨胀率有所上升。 FOMC重申，寻求在长期内实现最大就业率和2%的通货膨胀率。经济前景的不确定性有所增加，委员 会关注其双重任务的双向风险。 美联储主席鲍威尔在会后新闻发布会上表示，今年上半年经济增长有所放缓，但美联储完全有能力应对 潜在的发展。"与去年的2.5%相比，2025年上半年的增长放缓至1.2%。增长放缓主要反映了消费支出的 放缓。"美联储主席表示， ...

根据美国耶鲁大学预算实验室的最新数据，在美国政府关税政策的影响下，美国物价将在短期内上涨 1.8%，相当于2025年每个美国家庭平均遭受2400美元（约合1.72万元人民币）的损失。 转载请注明央视财经 编辑：王昕宇 据悉，除了宝洁公司决定涨价外，近期，沃尔玛等大型零售商、丰田等汽车制造商也宣布在美国市场提 高商品售价。美国市场上服装、家电、体育用品、玩具等多种商品的价格也出现上涨，甚至部分商品类 别已持续涨价数月。 （央视财经《天下财经》）当地时间29日，美国消费品巨头宝洁公司宣布，将提高约四分之一在美国市 场出售商品的价格，部分原因是关税政策导致成本上涨。 宝洁公司首席财务官舒尔滕29日表示，涨价将于下个月开始实施，涉及美国市场约四分之一的产品，涨 价幅度将控制在个位数，同时还将结合其他改进措施，提高商品功效。宝洁公司表示，涨价的部分原因 是美国关税政策导致的成本上涨。当天，宝洁公司还发布公告，预计2026财年每股收益将在6.83美元至 7.09美元之间，这低于分析师预期的每股7.23美元。此外，根据宝洁公司最新估算，关税将使其2026财 年的税前成本增加约10亿美元。 ...

Core Viewpoint - Procter & Gamble (P&G) has announced a change in CEO, with Jon Moeller stepping down and Shailesh Jejurikar taking over effective January 1, 2026, amid concerns about the company's performance and strategic direction [2][3]. Financial Performance - For the fiscal year 2025, P&G reported net sales of $84.284 billion, a year-on-year increase of 2.92%, and a net profit of $15.974 billion, up 7.36% [3]. - In fiscal year 2024, P&G's sales were $84 billion, a 2% increase from the previous year, with net profit at $15 billion, reflecting a 1.68% growth [3]. - The fiscal year 2023 saw net sales of $82 billion, a 2% increase, but net profit declined by 0.6% to $14.653 billion [3]. Pricing Strategy and Market Conditions - P&G's low single-digit sales growth has been significantly influenced by price increases, contributing 1% to organic sales growth in the second quarter of 2025, while volume and currency fluctuations had no significant impact [4]. - The market has shifted from an incremental growth phase to a more competitive environment, requiring brands to innovate and enhance consumer experience to capture market share [4]. Strategic Changes and Restructuring - P&G plans to initiate a "non-core business restructuring plan" aimed at reducing its product portfolio and exiting certain categories, with a goal to cut up to 7,000 non-manufacturing jobs by the end of fiscal year 2027 [5]. - The company will focus on strategic acquisitions in essential goods and brands with significant profit potential, while optimizing its business structure and cost efficiency [5]. - A two-year business portfolio and productivity enhancement plan will commence in July 2025, aimed at improving cost structure and competitiveness [5]. Leadership Transition - Shailesh Jejurikar has been with P&G for 36 years and has held various leadership roles, including COO, where he led initiatives for organizational simplification and supply chain digital transformation [6]. - The board has expressed confidence in Jejurikar's ability to execute the company's transformation strategy, marking a significant leadership transition as P&G enters a new fiscal cycle [6].

Core Viewpoint - The recent Federal Reserve meeting witnessed a dramatic split with two dissenting votes from Bowman and Waller, causing significant turmoil in global financial markets as they opposed the anticipated interest rate cuts [1] Group 1: Key Players and Their Positions - Bowman, representing the aggressive rate hike faction, advocates for an immediate 50 basis point increase to combat persistent inflation, particularly in housing and services, which have seen year-on-year increases exceeding 6% [2] - Waller, leading the hawkish faction, supports pausing rate hikes but insists on removing any language suggesting potential rate cuts, thereby shattering market expectations for easing [2] - Powell and the majority of committee members represent the status quo, opting for a compromise by pausing rate hikes while keeping the option open for future increases, hinting that rate cuts will depend on sustained declines in inflation [2] Group 2: Market Reactions - Following the dissenting votes, the US dollar index surged by 1.5%, reaching a three-month high, indicating that internal divisions within the Fed lead to a stronger dollar as a safe haven [3] - Gold prices plummeted by $40, falling below the $1900 mark, reflecting the market's reaction to heightened expectations of aggressive rate hikes [3] - The 2-year Treasury yield rose by 22 basis points, signaling that the bond market anticipates continued monetary tightening [4] Group 3: Investment Strategies and Signals - Investors are advised to closely monitor the "Bowman Indicator," specifically the US services CPI, as a reading above 5% for three consecutive months could trigger renewed fears of rate hikes [5] - Understanding Waller's rhetoric is crucial; phrases like "data-dependent" may indicate readiness for rate hikes, while "cautious approach" suggests no rate cuts are forthcoming [6] - A suggested investment strategy includes a portfolio allocation of 70% in cash, 15% in energy stocks, and 15% in volatility hedging tools to navigate the current market uncertainty [6] Group 4: Potential Risks and Future Outlook - The looming risk of a technical default arises if the debt ceiling is not resolved before October, compounded by Bowman and Waller's resistance to easing [6] - The commercial real estate sector faces significant challenges with record vacancy rates and high-interest rates potentially leading to loan defaults, which could trigger a regional banking crisis [6] - A sudden OPEC+ production cut could reignite inflation, bolstering support for the Bowman faction and forcing the Fed to make difficult decisions that could impact the stock market [6]

Core Viewpoint - Procter & Gamble plans to implement a price increase of approximately 5% on household products in the U.S. market to address a $1 billion cost pressure from tariff policies [1][3] Group 1: Price Increase and Cost Pressures - The price increase will affect about one-quarter of Procter & Gamble's products sold in the U.S. [1] - The Chief Financial Officer, Andre Schulten, indicated that despite significant investments in local production, some raw materials, components, and packaging still need to be imported, leading to a post-tax tariff cost of $800 million, which is over 1% of the company's net sales of $84.3 billion in the previous fiscal year [3] - Tariffs imposed by the U.S. on trade partners have raised the costs of raw materials, packaging materials, and goods for Procter & Gamble [3] Group 2: Financial Performance and Future Outlook - Procter & Gamble reported strong performance in the second quarter, with net sales of $20.9 billion and net profit of $3.6 billion, both exceeding analyst expectations [3] - The company experienced a 2% organic sales growth in the second quarter, attributed to price increases and product mix optimization [3] - The future outlook remains cautious, with expectations of organic sales growth between 0% and 4% for the current fiscal year, as consumers face increased anxiety due to tariffs, inflation, interest rates, and political/social divisions [3]

7月29日，宝洁发布2025财年第四季度（2025年4月-6月）业绩报告。 财报显示，2025财年，集团净销售额为843亿美元（约合人民币6049.5亿元），与上年基本持平；剔除 外汇、收购和资产剥离的影响后，有机销售额2%；净利润为161亿美元（约合人民币1155.6亿元），同 比增长7%。 2025财年，宝洁净销售额843亿美元，对比2024财年净销售额840亿美元（约合人民币6029亿元），再一 次刷新了历史最高业绩。 整个财年周期，宝洁美容业务净销售额150亿美元（约合人民币1076.6亿元），同比增长2%；健康护理 业务净销售额120亿美元（约合人民币861.29亿元），同样增长2%。 宝洁未披露换帅原因，其首席公关官Damon Jones表示，Moeller的离职是董事会计划有序过渡的一部 分。 （文章来源：广州日报） 另外，理容、织物及家庭护理、婴儿/女性/家庭护理三大业务板块基本持平，净销售分别为66.62亿美元 （约合人民币478.16亿元）、296亿美元（约合人民币2124.5亿元）、202.5亿美元（约合人民币1453.4亿 元）。 值得关注的还有，就在前一天，即7月28日，消费品巨头宝 ...

Group 1 - The U.S. government has secured $1.9 trillion in investments and contracts from Japan and the EU, with Japan committing $550 billion and the EU signing a $750 billion energy deal along with $600 billion in investments [1][3] - The tariffs imposed by the Trump administration have led to significant financial strain on American companies, exemplified by General Motors reporting a quarterly loss of $1.1 billion and a net profit drop of over one-third [3][6] - The impact of tariffs is felt most acutely by low-income families, who are experiencing a loss in disposable income three times greater than that of wealthier households [5][6] Group 2 - The trade war has resulted in retaliatory tariffs from the EU and other countries, with the EU imposing a 25% tariff on American bourbon and motorcycles, and Brazil imposing a 50% tariff on U.S. machinery [5][6] - Companies are relocating their operations to avoid U.S. tariffs, with Apple moving production to India and Delta Electronics receiving numerous inquiries for operations in India [5][6] - The International Monetary Fund has warned that global GDP will shrink by 0.5% due to tariffs, with the U.S. expected to bear 60% of the economic burden [6][7] Group 3 - The inflationary pressures resulting from tariffs are leading to increased prices for everyday goods, as seen with Walmart and Amazon raising prices on essential items [5][6] - The agricultural sector is suffering, with coffee farmers facing 50% tariffs and unable to fulfill orders, leading to a significant downturn in production and sales [5][6] - The overall economic growth rate in the U.S. has slowed to around 1%, indicating a significant downturn in economic activity as a result of the trade policies [7][8]

转自：新华财经 美国联邦住房金融管理局（FHFA）在当日上午公布的数据显示，美国2025年5月份住房价格指数环比下降0.2%，降幅大于市场预期的-0.1%，4月份数值则 从-0.4%调整为-0.3%。 美国劳工部当天上午发布的职位空缺及劳动力流动调查报告（JOLTS）显示，美国2025年6月职位空缺数量为743.7万个，高于市场预期的740万个，但低 于5月份修订后的771.2万个。 个股方面，美国快递巨头联合包裹运送服务公司（United Parcel Service）29日发布的二季度业绩弱于预期并没有发布业绩指引，家电企业惠而浦公司28日 公布的二季度业绩弱于预期并下调每股分红。联合包裹运送服务公司和惠而浦公司股价在29日分别显著下跌10.57%和13.43%。尽管波音公司和宝洁公司 在当日公布的季报数据坚实，但两家公司股价当日分别下跌4.37%和0.32%。 美联储在29日开始为期两天的货币政策会议，市场整体仍然预期美联储会维持利率不变。 当地时间7月28日至29日，中美经贸中方牵头人、国务院副总理何立峰与美方牵头人、美国财政部长贝森特及贸易代表格里尔在瑞典斯德哥尔摩举行中美 经贸会谈。双方就中美经贸 ...