【文/观察者网 陈思佳】当全世界的目光都聚焦于人工智能竞赛时，量子计算领域的技术竞争也在激烈 进行。据美国彭博社12月3日报道，2025年诺贝尔物理学奖得主约翰·马丁尼斯认为，中国正迅速缩小在 量子计算领域与美国的差距，美国可能只领先"几纳秒"，很快会被中国赶上。 马丁尼斯是美国加州大学圣巴巴拉分校教授，曾在谷歌公司工作，致力于研制量子计算硬件，目标是实 现量子优越性，即让量子计算机在特定任务上超越经典计算机。2019年，谷歌的超导量子计算机"悬铃 木"完成了量子随机线路采样的快速解决，率先实现量子优越性。 马丁尼斯对彭博社表示，谷歌2019年取得领先时，西方技术人员普遍认为，中国在量子计算领域落后美 国约三年。 "但他们很快就赶上了，现在我们担心，我们可能只领先中国几纳秒，"马丁尼斯说，"我看过他们的论 文，他们非常清楚自己在做什么。西方人员发表关于最新进展的论文后，中国科研人员通常也能在几个 月内跟上。" 他强调，中国在量子计算领域非常有竞争力，"人们应该担心，这是一场真正的竞赛"。 这种战略布局已转化为现实成果。不久前，在中国科学技术大学的一间实验室中，诞生了中国最新一代 的光量子计算机——九章四号。它 ...

Core Insights - The article highlights the achievements of Pan Jianwei, a leading figure in China's quantum technology, who has spearheaded significant advancements in the field, including the development of quantum satellites and secure communication systems [1][6]. Group 1: Achievements in Quantum Technology - Pan Jianwei's team is developing the world's first medium-high orbit quantum satellite, which can establish quantum key distribution between distant locations, enhancing national information security [1]. - The successful launch of the world's first quantum science experimental satellite, "Mozi," in 2016 marked China's leadership in global quantum communication research [4]. - The completion of the quantum "Beijing-Shanghai Line" provides unconditional security for financial and governmental communications, establishing a "shield" for information security [6]. Group 2: Educational and Research Contributions - Pan Jianwei returned to China after studying in Europe, motivated to establish a world-class laboratory in quantum optics and information, reflecting a commitment to national scientific advancement [2][3]. - The return of overseas students, inspired by Pan Jianwei, contributed to the establishment of a robust quantum technology research environment in China [4][3]. - The focus on nurturing innovative talent is seen as essential for maintaining competitive advantage in the quantum technology sector [6][7]. Group 3: Future Directions - The team is currently working on the "Jiuzhang 4" and "Zuchongzhi 4" quantum computing prototypes, with plans to launch multiple quantum micro-nano satellites for practical applications [6]. - The ambition is to elevate China's quantum technology to compete with the United States and Europe, contributing to national technological self-reliance [7].