来源：科技日报 黄培康迅速完成了角色转换。他一手抓前沿技术，带领团队在雷达目标特性、隐身与反隐身技术等尖端 领域持续突破；一手抓基础建设，推动建成了国内领先的大型微波暗室等重大科技设施，为一代代"国 之重器"的研制打造了坚实的试验台。 在中华国土之上，在肉眼不可见的电磁空间之中，一套套先进雷达系统如同机警的"星眸"，时刻守护着 万里长空与辽阔疆域。这些"星眸"之所以能够看穿迷雾、明辨真伪，离不开一个核心领域的支撑——雷 达目标特性研究。 12月22日，我国雷达目标特性研究领域的开拓者、中国工程院院士黄培康，走完了他90年静默而璀璨的 人生。 "我们的工作，就是要让雷达不仅'看得见'，更要'看得懂''认得准'。"黄培康曾说。作为"星眸"的"点 睛"人，他用最朴实的方式，践行了航天报国的人生信仰。 走自立之路：为大国重器镌刻"电磁指纹" 1956年秋，21岁的黄培康从南京工学院（现东南大学）无线电工程系毕业。在那个百业待兴、国防为重 的年代，成绩优异的他，义无反顾地将个人前途与国家需要紧紧地绑在了一起。怀着航天报国的理想， 黄培康走进了新成立的国防部第五研究院大门。 1971年，已在导弹总体设计领域干得风生水起的 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the escalating trade tensions between the U.S. and China, particularly focusing on the recent U.S. tariffs on Chinese rare earth exports and China's corresponding export controls on rare earth materials, highlighting the strategic importance of these materials in technology and defense sectors [1][3][6]. Group 1: U.S. Tariffs and Market Reaction - On October 10, President Trump announced a 100% tariff on Chinese goods starting November 1, in response to China's export controls on rare earths [1]. - Following this announcement, U.S. stock markets experienced significant declines, with the S&P 500 dropping 2.71%, the Dow Jones down 1.90%, and the Nasdaq falling 3.56%, indicating market concerns over potential disruptions in global supply chains and rising inflation [3]. Group 2: China's Export Control Measures - On October 9, China's Ministry of Commerce announced comprehensive export controls on rare earths, which are critical for military and semiconductor applications, marking a full-chain coverage from extraction to export [3]. - The Chinese government clarified that the export controls do not equate to a ban, as compliant applications for civilian use will still be approved, emphasizing a regulated approach to maintain trade [4]. Group 3: Importance of Rare Earths - Rare earths are essential in modern technology and defense, often referred to as "industrial vitamins," with China holding about one-third of global reserves and over 70% of mining and refining capabilities [6]. - The strategic significance of rare earths is underscored by their applications in various high-tech products, including smartphones, electric vehicles, and advanced military systems, making them a critical resource in the U.S.-China technological competition [6]. Group 4: Future Negotiations and Economic Implications - There is speculation about the potential for renewed negotiations between the U.S. and China around the time of the APEC meeting, as the timing of the tariff implementation may serve as a political window for dialogue [7]. - The economic costs of high tariffs could lead to significant repercussions for both nations, with estimates suggesting that U.S. effective tax rates could rise above 20%, potentially increasing core CPI from 3.4% to 3.5% or higher [7].