2025年12月23日，中国商务部一纸公告掀翻全球贸易棋局：即日起，对欧盟乳制品加征最高42.7%的临时反补贴税。这一刀精准砍在欧盟农业"七寸"上—— 15家被抽样企业中，12家是法国公司，包括生产罗克福蓝纹奶酪、卡芒贝尔奶酪的知名品牌。 欧盟委员会当即跳脚，指责中方"毫无依据"，并扬言向WTO申诉。但数据不会说谎：2025年前10个月，欧盟对华发起15起贸易调查，仅12月19日一天就新 增3起；而中国同期仅对3起欧盟产品终裁反倾销。 这场争端早已超出乳制品范畴，它是欧盟对中国电动车加税45%后的一场精准反击，也是马克龙访华时高调谈合作、回国后威胁对华加税的直接后果。贸易 战的硝烟下，谁在窃喜？新西兰奶酪出口商已摩拳擦掌，准备接管欧盟留下的14.5%中国市场份额。 2025年12月22日，中国商务部发布公告，明确临时反补贴税分为三档：配合调查的抽样企业税率为21.9%至42.7%，配合调查的其他欧盟公司统一税率为 28.6%，未配合调查的企业一律适用42.7%的最高税率。税款以保证金形式征收，计算公式为"进口货物计税价格×临时反补贴税保证金比率"。 此次措施针对的乳制品清单包括鲜乳酪、加工乳酪、蓝纹奶酪、稀奶 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the significance of cheese in baking, highlighting its role in enhancing flavor, texture, and aroma in various baked goods. It presents a curated list of the top 30 cheeses globally to inspire bakers in product innovation and value addition [1]. Summary by Sections Cheese Types and Characteristics - Parmigiano Reggiano is recognized as one of the world's top cheeses, made from semi-skimmed raw cow's milk, with a hard texture and a flavor profile ranging from nutty to slightly spicy depending on aging [3]. - Graviera Naxou, produced on Naxos Island, is a hard cheese made from pasteurized cow's milk, with a maximum moisture content of 38% and a fat content of at least 40%, offering a refreshing taste and delicate aroma [6]. - Canestrato di Moliterno is a hard Italian cheese made from whole goat and sheep milk, with a flavor that varies with aging, available in three categories based on maturation time [8]. - Burrata cheese, originating from Italy, is a handmade cheese with a creamy interior, best enjoyed fresh within 24 hours of production [10]. - Mozzarella di Bufala Campana is a protected designation product made from 100% water buffalo milk, known for its high calcium and protein content [13]. - Saint Félicien cheese is a soft cheese from France with a rich flavor profile, best paired with crusty bread and red wine [16]. - Estrela Mountain cheese, a semi-soft cheese from Portugal, is made from sheep's milk and has a unique flavor due to the use of thistle extract in its production [19][21]. - Graviera cheese from Crete is a hard table cheese with a sweet taste and nutty aroma, requiring a maturation period of 3 to 5 months [23]. - Azeitao cheese is a semi-soft cheese made from unpasteurized sheep's milk, known for its herbal notes and best enjoyed with fresh bread [25]. - Narchvi cheese from Georgia is a soft cheese with a rich flavor profile, made from cow's milk and pressed for an extended period [30]. - Grana Padano is a hard cheese with a history dating back to the 11th century, known for its grainy texture and high production volume [33][35]. - Comté cheese is a large hard cheese with a diverse flavor profile, influenced by the freshness of the milk used [37]. - Pecorino Romano is a salty and slightly spicy cheese with origins tracing back to the Roman Empire, primarily produced on Sardinia [40]. - Beaufort cheese is a hard cheese with a long maturation period, known for its rich flavor and produced in the French Alps [43]. - Pecorino Sardo is a hard cheese from Sardinia, with a unique flavor due to the local sheep's diet [46]. - Pecorino Toscano is a semi-hard cheese with a delicate flavor, produced in Tuscany and its neighboring regions [49]. - Kefalograviera cheese is a hard cheese from Greece, known for its salty flavor and increasing popularity [52]. - Saint-André cheese is a triple cream cheese from France, characterized by its high fat content and rich flavor [55][56]. - Kalathaki Limnou is a soft brined cheese from Greece, known for its mild flavor and unique basket draining method [59]. - Brillat-Savarin cheese is a soft cheese with a high butterfat content, best paired with sparkling wine [62]. - Bocconcini cheese is a small, soft cheese made from water buffalo milk, ideal for fresh consumption or in dishes like pizza [92][93].