此次，美国加州理工学院喷气推进实验室天文学家团队，利用詹姆斯·韦布太空望远镜的成像数据，测 量了约25万个星系的形状，重建了迄今宇宙连续区域中最为详细的质量地图。这一图谱不仅揭示了大质 量星系团，也呈现了暗物质的细丝桥梁网络（气体和星系沿这些暗物质丝状结构分布，形成宇宙的骨架 结构）以及低质量星系群。这些低质量星系群因太过暗淡或太过遥远，无法用传统望远镜看到。这些结 构与主流宇宙学模型的预测一致，认为星系形成于贯穿宇宙的暗物质丝状结构之间高密度的节点。 据《自然·天文学》杂志26日发表的论文，天文学家绘制出一幅迄今最详细、分辨率最高的宇宙"质量地 图"，揭示了过去100亿年间暗物质如何塑造了星系发展。该地图分辨率是前代的两倍以上，并延伸至宇 宙演化的更早期阶段，为研究暗物质的性质，构建恒星形成高峰时期（约110亿—80亿年前）的星系环 境模型提供了基准。 暗物质占宇宙总质量约85%，因其不发射也不吸收光线，所以很难被检测，在传统望远镜中不可见。但 它们的引力会影响遥远星系的光传播路径。通过测量大量遥远星系形状的微小扭曲，科学家可以追踪中 间质量的分布，而无论其性质是什么。和已知的发光结构做比较能够揭示这些暗物 ...

Core Insights - The COSMOS-Web project has created the largest deep-space cosmic map to date, marking the positions, speeds, and evolutionary histories of nearly 800,000 galaxies over a time span of 13.5 billion years, covering 98% of the universe's evolution history [1][4] Group 1: Project Overview - COSMOS-Web is based on data from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and represents a significant advancement in cosmic mapping, providing unprecedented insights into galaxy formation and evolution [1][3] - The project involved a total observation time of 255 hours, making it the longest single project in JWST's first year, with data exceeding 1.5TB [2] Group 2: Technological Advancements - JWST's revolutionary infrared observation capabilities distinguish it from its predecessor, the Hubble Space Telescope, allowing it to observe wavelengths from 0.6 to 28 micrometers, thus enabling the study of earlier cosmic evolution stages [3] - The larger primary mirror of JWST, approximately six times that of Hubble, enhances its light-gathering ability and sensitivity, allowing it to detect fainter and more distant celestial bodies [3] Group 3: Key Discoveries - The project revealed an unexpectedly high number of galaxies in the early universe, with actual counts being about ten times higher than predictions based on Hubble data, challenging existing cosmological models [4] - The existence of supermassive black holes in the early universe, which were thought to take billions of years to form, was also confirmed, suggesting a need to rethink the relationship between galaxies and black holes [4] - These findings pose significant challenges to current cosmological theories, indicating potential unknown physical processes or the need for fundamental revisions in understanding dark matter and early universe physics [4]

Core Viewpoint - NASA celebrates the 35th anniversary of the Hubble Space Telescope, highlighting its significant contributions to space science and its ongoing relevance despite plans for a successor [4][6]. Group 1: Hubble's Achievements - Hubble has transformed human understanding of the universe, providing vivid images and numerous scientific breakthroughs since its launch in 1990 [4]. - The telescope has conducted nearly 1.7 million observations of approximately 55,000 astronomical targets, leading to over 22,000 published papers with more than 1.3 million citations [8]. - Hubble's unique ability to capture ultraviolet light allows it to observe celestial phenomena that ground-based telescopes cannot, achieving ten times the clarity of traditional ground-based observations [7]. Group 2: Current Status and Popularity - Despite being operational for 35 years, Hubble remains one of the most sought-after astronomical instruments, with the number of scientists applying for observation time being six times greater than the available slots [8]. - Hubble's data archive exceeds 400 terabytes, showcasing its extensive contributions to astronomical research [8]. Group 3: Future Considerations - Hubble is currently beyond its intended operational lifespan, with the last maintenance mission conducted 16 years ago, raising concerns about its future viability [9]. - NASA faces budget constraints, with funding expected to decrease significantly, complicating any potential maintenance or operational extension for Hubble [10].