COSMOS—Web最令人震撼的发现是宇宙早期存在数量惊人的星系，这颠覆了以往的理论预期。它的观 测数据显示，在宇宙诞生后的最初5亿年内，星系实测数量是基于哈勃数据预测值的约10倍。这一发现 让天文学家深感困惑，因为按照标准宇宙学模型，大爆炸后物质需要相当长时间才能在引力作用下坍缩 形成恒星和星系。这些早期星系不仅数量惊人，其成熟度也超出预期。许多星系在宇宙年龄仅3亿至4亿 年时就已形成完整结构和成熟的恒星群体，其中一些星系的质量相当于10亿倍太阳质量。凯西认 为："宇宙过早地产生了太多的光，它只有大约4亿年时间来形成约10亿倍太阳质量的恒星。我们尚不确 定这是如何实现的。" COSMOS—Web的另一个重大发现是大量超大质量黑洞在宇宙极早期的存在。这些宇宙"巨兽"通常位于 星系中心，质量相当于数百万至数十亿倍太阳质量。按照传统理论，它们需要数十亿年才能通过吸积物 质缓慢增长到如此规模。然而，COSMOS—Web数据显示，在宇宙年龄不足5亿年时，这些超大质量黑 洞就已经存在，它们与宿主星系共同演化的速度远超理论预期。这一发现不仅挑战了黑洞形成理论，也 迫使科学家重新思考星系与黑洞共生关系的本质——是黑洞先于宿 ...

Core Viewpoint - NASA celebrates the 35th anniversary of the Hubble Space Telescope, highlighting its significant contributions to space science and its ongoing relevance despite plans for a successor [4][6]. Group 1: Hubble's Achievements - Hubble has transformed human understanding of the universe, providing vivid images and numerous scientific breakthroughs since its launch in 1990 [4]. - The telescope has conducted nearly 1.7 million observations of approximately 55,000 astronomical targets, leading to over 22,000 published papers with more than 1.3 million citations [8]. - Hubble's unique ability to capture ultraviolet light allows it to observe celestial phenomena that ground-based telescopes cannot, achieving ten times the clarity of traditional ground-based observations [7]. Group 2: Current Status and Popularity - Despite being operational for 35 years, Hubble remains one of the most sought-after astronomical instruments, with the number of scientists applying for observation time being six times greater than the available slots [8]. - Hubble's data archive exceeds 400 terabytes, showcasing its extensive contributions to astronomical research [8]. Group 3: Future Considerations - Hubble is currently beyond its intended operational lifespan, with the last maintenance mission conducted 16 years ago, raising concerns about its future viability [9]. - NASA faces budget constraints, with funding expected to decrease significantly, complicating any potential maintenance or operational extension for Hubble [10].