日前，从中国科学院国家空间科学中心传来一系列关于"天关"卫星的好消息：发现新型X射线暂现天 体，为理解这类神秘暂现天体提供关键线索；探测到银河系内X射线暗弱爆发天体，为人类发现恒星级 黑洞开辟新途径…… 浩瀚苍穹中，那些遥远、暗弱又转瞬即逝的宇宙X射线，是人类探秘宇宙的重要线索。要想捕捉这些射 线，必须拥有能看得广、看得远、看得清的"眼睛"，而这正是"天关"卫星具备的重要特点。 "取得这些发现，主要归功于我们为'天关'卫星量身定制的微孔龙虾眼X射线聚焦成像技术。"中国科学 院国家天文台研究员、"天关"卫星首席科学家袁为民向科技日报记者介绍，该技术不仅让卫星具备极大 的视场——一次定点观测即可覆盖约十一分之一天区，还大幅提升了卫星的探测灵敏度和定位精度，让 其性能远超国际同类设备。 细磨"广角镜" 为什么要给卫星装上"龙虾眼"？这就要从龙虾的眼睛说起。 中国科学院国家天文台研究员张臣介绍，龙虾的眼睛拥有广阔的视野和独特的聚焦机制，里面有无数细 小的方管，管壁光滑，且全部指向同一个中心。光线射入后，经管壁反射，能精准聚焦到视网膜上。 美国天文学家基于此提出设想：模仿龙虾的眼睛，研制一台既可覆盖大视场又能聚焦的X射 ...

来源：科技日报 遥远、暗弱又转瞬即逝的 宇宙X射线 是人类探秘宇宙的重要线索 我国科学家为"天关"卫星量身定制的 微孔龙虾眼X射线聚焦成像技术 不仅让卫星具备极大的视场—— 一次定点观测即可覆盖 约十一分之一天区 还大幅提升了卫星的 探测灵敏度和定位精度 让其性能远超国际同类设备 龙虾的眼睛拥有广阔的视野 和独特的聚焦机制 想让"天关"卫星拥有"龙虾眼" 关键是要造出结构类似于 龙虾眼睛的聚焦镜头 而镜头的核心则是镜片 科研团队通过自主研发 历时近5年 "龙虾眼"望远镜的镜头 2021年 团队研制出 天文级CMOS探测器首批样品 随后又攻克了 卫星平台与地面快速通信难题 并采用三维空间桁架+支架的 全新结构 将镜片分辨率从十几角分 逐步提升至3角分 最终成功研制出 和地面望远镜跟进观测 采写：科技日报记者 陆成宽 一举解决14台望远镜的 布局与视场拼接难题 在有限空间内实现最优布局 从而实现最大观测效能 如今 经过一年多的运行 "天关"卫星取得了多项独有重大成果 已探测到160多例暂现天体 并引导全球各大空间 ...

日前，从中国科学院国家空间科学中心传来一系列关于"天关"卫星的好消息：发现新型X射线暂现 天体，为理解这类神秘暂现天体提供关键线索；探测到银河系内X射线暗弱爆发天体，为人类发现恒星 级黑洞开辟新途径…… "主要原因是技术难度太大。"张臣解释，X射线的能量极高，很容易穿透观测设备，无法像可见光 那样，通过反射或折射实现聚焦。因此，想让"天关"卫星拥有"龙虾眼"，关键是要造出结构类似于龙虾 眼睛的聚焦镜头，而镜头的核心则是镜片。 "当时这种镜片只有法国一家公司能够生产，可对方不仅报价高昂，还无法保证质量。"张臣告诉记 者，"最后我们下定决心，走自主研发这条路！" 恰在这时，团队曾调研过的北方夜视技术股份有限公司主动上门，提出希望合作研制"龙虾眼"光学 器件。双方一拍即合，镜片研制工作驶入快车道。 浩瀚苍穹中，那些遥远、暗弱又转瞬即逝的宇宙X射线，是人类探秘宇宙的重要线索。要想捕捉这 些射线，必须拥有能看得广、看得远、看得清的"眼睛"，而这正是"天关"卫星具备的重要特点。 "取得这些发现，主要归功于我们为'天关'卫星量身定制的微孔龙虾眼X射线聚焦成像技术。"中国 科学院国家天文台研究员、"天关"卫星首席科学家袁为民 ...

Core Insights - The China Academy of Sciences National Space Science Center held a press conference on November 24, showcasing significant advancements in space science, focusing on cosmic origins, space weather, and the origins of life [3][10]. Group 1: Satellite Missions and Achievements - Since the launch of the space science pilot project in January 2011, eight scientific satellite missions have been completed, including "Wukong," "Shijian-10," "Micius," "Huiyan," "Taiji-1," "Huairou-1," "Kuafu-1," and "Tianguan," achieving multiple "firsts" for China and the world [5]. - "Wukong," launched on December 17, 2015, is China's first dark matter particle detection satellite, which has provided the most precise secondary cosmic ray boron energy spectrum in the TeV/n range based on eight years of data [5]. - "Huiyan," China's first X-ray astronomical satellite, launched on June 15, 2017, has made significant discoveries regarding black hole accretion bursts and neutron star surface nuclear burning [6]. - "Huairou-1," launched on December 10, 2020, has identified new subtypes of gamma-ray bursts and provided insights into the radiation environment near Earth [6]. - "Kuafu-1," launched on October 9, 2022, has revealed a lower-than-expected correlation rate between high-energy C-class flares and coronal mass ejections, offering new insights into solar eruption mechanisms [7]. - "Tianguan," launched on January 9, 2024, has detected 165 significant X-ray transient sources, contributing to the understanding of X-ray phenomena in the galaxy [7]. Group 2: Future Missions and Goals - The "14th Five-Year Plan" will focus on the "Harmonious Plan," which includes a low-frequency radio telescope array of ten satellites aimed at capturing weak signals from the early universe [8]. - "Kuafu-2" will explore solar magnetic activity and its relationship with solar storms by orbiting the sun's poles [9]. - The exoplanet survey satellite aims to find Earth-like planets in habitable zones, while the enhanced X-ray time-variable and polarization space observatory will study extreme conditions in the universe [9]. Group 3: Development and International Collaboration - The space science sector in China has shown robust growth, achieving breakthroughs in various fields, including macro, micro, extreme conditions, and interdisciplinary research [10]. - The project has led to significant advancements in satellite technology and payloads, establishing a national-level X-ray calibration beamline and developing high-sensitivity X-ray telescopes [10]. - International collaborations, such as the "Smile" satellite project with the European Space Agency, have enhanced China's scientific influence and effectiveness in space science [11].

Core Insights - The recent press conference by the National Space Science Center of China highlighted significant advancements in space science, focusing on the origins of the universe, space weather, and life [2][8] - The "14th Five-Year Plan" will implement the Space Exploration Science Satellite Program, which includes four major missions aimed at achieving breakthroughs in understanding the dark ages of the universe, solar magnetic activity cycles, and exoplanet detection [2][8] Group 1: Satellite Missions and Achievements - Since the launch of the Space Science Pilot Project in 2011, eight scientific satellite missions have been completed, achieving "China's first" and even "world's first" breakthroughs in various fields [3] - The "Wukong" satellite, launched in December 2015, has provided the most precise secondary cosmic ray boron energy spectrum in the TeV/n range, aiding in the understanding of cosmic ray propagation [4] - The "Huiyan" satellite, launched in June 2017, has made significant contributions to understanding black hole accretion bursts and neutron star surface nuclear burning [5] - The "Huairou-1" satellite, launched in December 2020, discovered new subtypes of gamma-ray bursts and provided insights into the radiation environment near Earth [6] - The "Kuafu-1" satellite, launched in October 2022, revealed a lower-than-expected correlation rate between high-energy C-class flares and coronal mass ejections, offering new insights into solar eruptions [7] - The "Tianguan" satellite, launched in January 2024, has detected 165 significant X-ray transient sources, contributing to the understanding of X-ray phenomena in the galaxy [7] Group 2: Future Missions and Goals - The "Hongmeng Plan" aims to capture weak signals from the early universe using a low-frequency radio telescope array consisting of ten satellites [9] - The "Kuafu-2" mission will explore solar magnetic activity and its relationship with solar wind, enhancing understanding of the Earth-sun relationship [9] - The Exoplanet Survey Satellite will search for Earth-like planets in habitable zones, referred to as "Earth 2.0" [9] - The Enhanced X-ray Time-Variable and Polarization Space Observatory will study extreme conditions in the universe, such as black hole event horizons and neutron star surfaces [9] Group 3: Overall Impact and Development - The Space Science Pilot Project has demonstrated a strong development trend in China's space science, achieving breakthroughs across multiple dimensions [10] - The project has led to advancements in satellite technology and international collaboration, enhancing China's influence in global space science [10] - The transition from "catching up" to "keeping pace" and now to "leading" in certain areas reflects the growing importance of China's space science satellite cluster in exploring the unknown universe [10]

Core Insights - The Chinese Academy of Sciences announced significant achievements in space science through its pilot project initiated in 2011, which has successfully developed and launched eight scientific satellites, including "Wukong," "Shijian-10," "Micius," "Huiyan," "Taiji-1," "Huairou-1," "Kuafu-1," and "Tianguan" [1] Group 1 - The pilot project has led to major original achievements, creating several "firsts" for China and even the world [1] - China's space science has transitioned from "catching up" and "keeping pace" to "leading" in certain areas, marking a historic leap [1] - The project has stimulated rapid advancements in cutting-edge payloads and satellite platform technologies [1]

Core Insights - The core focus of the news is the significant breakthroughs achieved by China's space science satellite missions, highlighting the advancements in space science and technology during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period [1][2]. Group 1: Achievements and Breakthroughs - The Chinese Academy of Sciences has successfully developed and launched eight scientific satellites, including "Wukong," "Shijian-10," and "Mozi," resulting in major original achievements and several firsts for China and the world [1]. - The "Wukong" satellite has made a notable discovery by identifying a hardening structure in the energy spectrum of cosmic ray helium nuclei, achieving precise measurements in the energy range above 1 trillion electron volts per hertz [1]. Group 2: Future Plans - During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the National Space Science Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences will implement the space exploration scientific satellite plan, which includes projects like the "Hongmeng Plan" and "Kuafu-2," aiming for breakthroughs in areas such as the cosmic dark age and exoplanet detection [2].

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese Academy of Sciences' National Space Science Center has announced significant breakthroughs in space science through various satellite missions, marking a rapid advancement in China's space science innovation and research capabilities [6][7]. Group 1: Achievements and Developments - The Space Science Pilot Project, initiated in 2011, has successfully developed and launched eight scientific satellites, achieving numerous original results and setting multiple records in China and globally [7]. - The project has expanded scientific research into four extreme areas: macro, micro, extreme conditions, and interdisciplinary integration, leading to significant advancements in technology and talent development [7]. - The project has established a new task system combining chief scientists and engineering leads, fostering a new generation of innovative researchers [7]. Group 2: International Collaboration - The "Smile" satellite represents the first deep collaboration project between the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the European Space Agency, showcasing a comprehensive partnership in space science [8]. - The "Tian Guan" satellite, led by China, involves participation from the European Space Agency, Germany, and France, marking a significant collaborative effort in Chinese space science missions [8]. Group 3: Scientific Discoveries - The "Tian Guan" satellite has discovered a new type of X-ray transient source, providing crucial insights into mysterious celestial phenomena [10]. - The "Weiyang" satellite has made significant contributions to understanding black hole accretion mechanisms and gamma-ray bursts [10]. - The "Hua Ruo" satellite has identified new subtypes of gamma-ray bursts, enhancing knowledge of gravitational wave counterparts [10]. - The "Wu Kong" satellite achieved the first precise measurement of boron energy spectra in cosmic rays, revealing important propagation effects [11]. - The "Kua Fu" satellite found a lower-than-expected correlation between high-energy solar flares and coronal mass ejections, offering new clues about solar eruption mechanisms [12]. Group 4: Future Plans - The National Space Science Center plans to implement new satellite missions, including the "Hongmeng Plan" and "Kua Fu II," focusing on major issues such as the origins of the universe and space weather [12]. - The center aims to produce more groundbreaking scientific results that will support China's technological independence and contribute to the nation's goals of becoming a leading space and technology power [12].

Core Insights - The Chinese Academy of Sciences announced significant scientific breakthroughs from space science satellite missions during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, with plans to implement the "Space Exploration Science Satellite Program" in the upcoming 14th Five-Year Plan [1][3]. Group 1: Space Science Satellite Missions - The program will involve the development and launch of four space science satellite missions aimed at exploring cosmic mysteries, including the "Hongmeng Plan" for detecting the cosmic dark age, "Kuafu-2" for direct imaging of the solar polar regions, an exoplanet survey mission to find "Earth 2.0," and an enhanced X-ray time-variable and polarization space observatory to study new physical laws under extreme cosmic conditions [3][5]. - The director of the National Space Science Center, Wang Chi, emphasized the goal of achieving original scientific breakthroughs in understanding the origins and evolution of the universe, space weather, and extraterrestrial life by 2035 [5]. Group 2: Achievements in Space Science - Since its inception in 2011, the space science pilot project has successfully developed and launched eight scientific satellite missions, including "Wukong," "Shijian-10," "Micius," "Huiyan," "Taiji-1," "Huairou-1," "Kuafu-1," and "Tianguan," leading to significant discoveries such as the first X-ray all-sky map and the most precise cosmic ray energy spectrum measurements [7]. - These missions have contributed to a rapid advancement in China's space science innovation, marking a significant milestone in the country's scientific capabilities [7]. Group 3: Lunar Research - Recent studies revealed that the lunar soil brought back by the Chang'e 6 mission from the far side of the moon has unique properties, being significantly drier than the Sahara Desert and exhibiting a sticky texture due to static electricity rather than water [8][10]. - The far side of the moon has undergone more intense meteorite impacts, resulting in finer and more angular soil particles, which contribute to its unique physical characteristics and implications for future lunar exploration and base construction [12].

Core Insights - The National Space Science Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences announced significant scientific breakthroughs in space science, marking a historic leap for China's space science innovation and positioning it as a leader in certain fields [1][5]. Group 1: Achievements and Innovations - Since its launch in 2011, the space science initiative has successfully developed and launched eight scientific satellites, achieving numerous original results and setting multiple records in China and globally [2]. - The "Tian Guan" satellite created the world's first X-ray all-sky map, while the "Wu Kong" satellite provided the most precise cosmic ray energy spectrum to date [2]. - The "Hui Yan" satellite directly measured the universe's strongest magnetic fields and detected high-speed jets near black holes, showcasing advancements in extreme condition measurements [2][3]. Group 2: International Collaboration - The initiative has fostered new paradigms of international cooperation, including the "Tian Guan" satellite project, which involved collaboration with the European Space Agency and other European countries [4]. - The "Wei Xiao" satellite project represents a comprehensive collaboration between China and Europe, covering all phases from design to data analysis [4]. Group 3: Future Plans - The National Space Science Center plans to focus on major frontier issues such as the origins of the universe, space weather, and life, with upcoming projects including the "Hong Meng Plan" and "Kua Fu II" [4]. - The goal is to achieve breakthroughs in areas like the dark ages of the universe and exoplanet detection during the 14th Five-Year Plan period [4].