大型LNG船，它被称作"海上超级冷冻车"，是我国进口液化天然气的主力运输船，而殷瓦钢是建造LNG船的核心材料。"十四五"期间，我国实现了殷瓦钢从 依赖进口到国产化突破的转变，技术突破的背后，有着怎样的故事？ 中船集团沪东中华围护系统部作业一区作业长 徐超：我们现在正身处一艘17.4万立方米液化天然气运输船的液货舱内部，这是目前全球市场上性能最先进的 主流船型之一。它的长度大概50米，宽度40米，高度30米，相当于一个10层楼高的厂房。 徐超介绍，LNG船建造难度堪比航母，一艘船仅围护系统就包含300多万个零部件，涉及流体力学、低温材料、自动控制等多个专业领域，在LNG船的建造 中，殷瓦钢焊接被称为"在头发丝上绣花"。这种厚度仅0.7毫米的特种钢材，焊接时误差必须控制在0.1毫米以内。 技术的突破带来了建造效率的大幅度提升。目前，沪东中华建造一艘大型LNG运输船的生产时间由过去的30多个月缩短到了17个月。 中船集团沪东中华工艺技术研究所所长 黄云峰：过去我们沪东人"十年磨一剑"，现在我们要"一年磨十剑"。 （总台央视记者 王琰 岳群 崔霞 李宁 徐静） 一艘LNG船的建造，需要发动机、控制系统、特种钢材等上千 ...

Group 1 - In 2024, China's crude steel production is projected to reach 1.005 billion tons, accounting for over 50% of global output, solidifying its position as the world's largest producer [1] - Despite high production levels, Chinese steel companies lag significantly in profitability compared to Japanese firms, with the top four Chinese steel companies' net profits combined being less than that of Nippon Steel [3] - Nippon Steel, despite producing only 39.64 million tons of crude steel in 2024, has managed to achieve higher profits than Chinese counterparts, highlighting a stark contrast in profitability [3] Group 2 - Cost control is a critical factor, with iron ore accounting for 40% to 50% of steelmaking costs; Nippon Steel has secured long-term low-price contracts with major miners, while Chinese companies rely heavily on imported iron ore, leading to higher costs [5] - Japanese steel companies focus on high-value specialty steel, with over 20% of Nippon Steel's production being specialty steel, while Chinese companies have only 12.31% of their production in this category, primarily producing lower-margin ordinary steel [5] - Chinese steel companies are making efforts to innovate, with advancements in producing specialized steel products, supported by government initiatives aimed at improving the industry [7] Group 3 - The current situation of "large but weak" and low profits in the Chinese steel industry indicates a need for transformation, emphasizing the importance of profitability over sheer production volume [8] - To compete effectively in the global steel market, Chinese steel companies must learn from Nippon Steel and transition from being "large producers" to "profit-making experts" [8]