Core Viewpoint - The ongoing technological and industrial competition between the US, Netherlands, and China in the semiconductor industry, particularly in lithography technology, has become a focal point of global attention, with the US and Netherlands increasing export controls and expressing concerns over China's advancements in this field [1][3][6]. Group 1: Export Controls and Responses - Starting in 2023, the US, along with its allies, implemented export controls aimed at curbing China's semiconductor industry development [3]. - In September 2024, the Dutch government announced an expansion of export licensing for deep ultraviolet lithography machines, restricting ASML from selling certain models to China [3][4]. - The US Department of Commerce simultaneously updated export rules to tighten controls on semiconductor manufacturing equipment [5]. Group 2: Concerns Over Chinese Technology - The synchronized actions of the US and Netherlands reflect their concerns regarding China's technological progress [6]. - Both countries have questioned China's innovation capabilities in lithography technology, suggesting reliance on reverse engineering rather than original development [7][8]. - ASML executives stated that China is unlikely to reach the technological level of their top-tier equipment in the short term [9]. Group 3: China's Technological Advancements - Despite the performance gap with top-tier equipment from the US and Netherlands, China's rapid technological progress and breakthroughs have garnered international attention [10]. - Since the establishment of Shanghai Micro Electronics Equipment Group in 2002, China has transitioned from learning through imports to independent research and development, gradually accumulating technology [10]. - Domestic suppliers have made significant advancements in core components such as photoresists, lenses, and light source modules, enhancing the performance and efficiency of domestic equipment [10]. Group 4: Future Prospects and Innovation - The technological blockade from the US and Netherlands, while challenging, has spurred China's potential for innovation [11]. - The vast demand in the Chinese market and government support are driving the improvement of the industrial chain and technological breakthroughs [12]. - Observers note that despite perceptions of a short-term gap, China's increasing patent applications and innovation activity indicate a rising potential for technological advancement [12].

以下文章来源于南风窗 ，作者肖郎平 南风窗 . 冷静地思考，热情地生活。 科技力量，正在爆发。 （ID：shangyejingxiang） 今年全国两会，科技创新成为重要议题。 习近平总书记多次强调"科技创新和产业创新是发展新质生产力的基本路径"。政府工作 报告提出，"因地制宜发展新质生产力"，首次将"具身智能"写入文件。还有"祖冲之三 号"量子计算原型机再创世界纪录，DeepSeek大模型引发全球关注，人形机器人登上春 晚舞台…… 中国科技力量，正在爆发。 代表委员围绕强化战略地位、突破关键技术、转化科技成果等提出多项建议。科技创新 将驱动中国式现代化迈向新阶段。 中国成为"赛先生" "德先生"和"赛先生"是近代中国的两大口号，但这位"赛先生"并不友好，是以暴力的形 式撞开了古老中国的大门。在初次遭遇"船坚炮利"为代表的西方科技时，近代中国深蒙 羞辱。 "知耻近乎勇。"100多年来，无数科研工作者持续接力，为中华民族展开了一场空前的 颠覆性科技革命。这体现在网络科技方面，也呈现于大国重器方面。 作者 | 肖郎平 来源 | 南风窗 国产民用大飞机曾经是中国人的隐痛。1980年，运-10实现首飞，原型机已生产3 ...