Core Insights - Gansu's Linxia City is transforming waste management through innovative recycling methods, turning waste into valuable resources such as energy, animal feed, and construction materials [1][3]. Waste-to-Energy Initiatives - The waste incineration power plant in Linxia has processed 956,000 tons of municipal waste since 2022, generating 28,255.41 million kilowatt-hours of clean energy, equivalent to the annual electricity consumption of nearly 630,000 households [1]. Kitchen Waste Recycling - A kitchen waste recycling facility, with an investment of 54.97 million yuan, processes 16 tons of kitchen waste daily, producing 0.8 tons of fly larvae protein feed, 1 ton of crude oil, and 2 tons of organic fertilizer [3]. - The local government mandates restaurants to sign a "Kitchen Waste Recycling Agreement" to ensure proper collection and processing of kitchen waste [3]. Construction Waste Management - The construction waste recycling facility processes an average of 600,000 tons of construction waste annually, producing 38.88 million bricks with a comprehensive utilization rate of 80% [5]. - Recycled construction materials are widely used in local municipal road paving and park construction, promoting a sustainable cycle of urban development and waste reduction [5]. Comprehensive Waste Management System - Linxia's "Zero Waste City" initiative includes a systematic approach to waste management, integrating talent support and technology implementation to establish a comprehensive waste processing system covering solid waste, kitchen waste, and sewage [5]. - The city is also expanding job opportunities related to recycled water utilization and waste resource recovery, further enhancing the recycling ecosystem [5].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the advancements in third-generation biorefining technology that utilizes one-carbon (C1) resources, such as CO2, to produce biofuels and chemicals, contributing to carbon capture and utilization, and supporting carbon neutrality goals [1][3][9]. Summary by Sections 1. Development of Biorefining Technology - The oil crisis in the 1970s spurred research and industrialization of biofuels, leading to the introduction of biorefining concepts in the 1980s [7]. - The first-generation biorefining technology, using food crops, faced challenges related to resource efficiency and competition with food production [8]. - The second-generation technology, based on lignocellulosic biomass, has potential but is hindered by high costs and technical barriers [8]. 2. Third-Generation Biorefining Technology - Third-generation biorefining aims to convert CO2 and renewable energy sources into fuels and chemicals, overcoming limitations of previous technologies [9]. - This technology has shown significant progress, with over 10 carbon fixation pathways validated, and some CO2 fixation technologies have reached commercialization [4][9]. - Examples include projects that convert industrial emissions into bioethanol, significantly reducing CO2 emissions [4]. 3. Carbon Fixation Pathways - More than 10 carbon fixation pathways have been identified, including natural pathways like the Calvin cycle and engineered pathways [11][36]. - The article details various pathways, such as the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway and reductive TCA cycle, highlighting their unique characteristics and potential for industrial application [16][33]. 4. Engineering of Carbon Fixation - Key factors influencing carbon fixation efficiency include energy sources, substrate types, and enzyme characteristics [36]. - Engineering efforts focus on optimizing microbial strains for better CO2 utilization and product yield, with examples of successful modifications in various microorganisms [38]. 5. Commercialization and Future Prospects - The commercialization of third-generation biorefining technologies is underway, with successful projects demonstrating the feasibility of using CO2 as a raw material [4][9]. - Future developments are expected to enhance the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of these technologies, contributing to sustainable bio-manufacturing [9][36].