Group 1 - The U.S. government has expanded the scope of tariffs on steel and aluminum imports to include hundreds of derivative products, with a 50% tariff imposed on 407 product codes due to their steel and aluminum content [1] - The new tariff list took effect on August 18, marking the highest actual tariff rate since the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act of 1930, which poses a significant negative impact on the international economy [1] - Historical evidence suggests that previous tariff wars have had adverse effects, with the current complex global supply chains increasing the systemic risks associated with tariff misuse [1][2] Group 2 - The U.S. is attempting to construct a new set of trade rules that reflect its own interests, effectively transferring its domestic costs to global trade partners, which goes beyond normal trade policy into protectionism [2] - The so-called "fair trade" approach by the U.S. is a guise for maintaining its economic monopoly, as it enforces unilateral tariffs that undermine the World Trade Organization's principles [2] - The imposition of asymmetric tariffs distorts global supply chains and converts reasonable economic benefits of trade partners into monopolistic gains for the U.S. government [2] Group 3 - From the perspective of global value chain restructuring, the U.S. trade policy reveals a dual paradox: most of the tariff costs will ultimately be borne by U.S. companies, and the restructuring of supply chains primarily concentrates in ASEAN regions, leading to secondary dependencies [3] - The excessive use of tariffs is unlikely to reduce trade deficits or protect industries, instead causing structural imbalances in global economic governance [3] - The current tariff strategy may not restore the economic glory of the past but could accelerate the decline of the U.S.'s dominant position in global trade [3]

（原标题：美国与欧盟达成贸易协定框架 汽车及金属关税有望降低） 智通财经APP获悉，美国与欧盟周四就贸易协定框架达成一致，有望在数周内降低欧洲汽车关税，并为 降低钢铁和铝关税打开大门。 据报道，这项贸易协议的框架内容要点有19项，涵盖农产品、汽车、飞机等工业品、芯片半导体、能 源、欧盟对美投资、放宽环境保护法规限制、网络安全协议、数字贸易壁垒等多方面内容。欧盟将取消 对美国所有工业品关税并对美农产品提供优惠市场准入。 美国总统唐纳德·特朗普多次对美欧全面贸易框架表示赞赏，并在周一会见欧盟委员会主席乌尔苏拉·冯 德莱恩等外国领导人时称其为"一项重大成就"。 这一进展凸显了特朗普执政时期贸易谈判的本质：一些初步的、笼统的协议宣布之后，往往需要数周甚 至更长时间才能敲定详细协议。其中许多协议还涉及可能需要一段时间才能实现的重大政策变革。 例如，特朗普已经对大多数欧洲商品征收15%的统一关税，仅为他此前威胁的30%的一半。但美国承诺 将这一较低关税扩大至汽车及汽车零部件，如今取决于欧盟是否正式提出一项立法提案，以取消其对美 国工业品征收的一系列关税，并为部分美国海产品和农产品提供"优惠市场准入"。 降低汽车关税 根据 ...