"当前，全国的流感活动其实已经进入了较快上升期的阶段，多数省份的流感活动水平已经到了中流 行水平，有个别省份甚至已经达到了高流行水平。" 中国疾病预防控制中心研究员彭质斌近日在国家卫健委举办的新闻发布会表示，流感高发季已经到 来，预计未来流感的活动还将进一步上升。 最新一期《中国流感监测周报》也显示，南北方省份哨点医院报告的流感样病例在门急诊病例中占比 都达到了近四年同期（11月10日—16日期间）最高水平，且北方（7.0%）高于南方（6.7％）。这 一周，全国共报告 955 起流感样病例暴发疫情，其中741起由甲型H3N2病原体所引发。 受流感高发影响，近期以来，流感疫苗和抗流感药物需求出现显著增加。但第一财经了解到，多地流 感疫苗和抗流感药物供应整体稳定，也并未出现药价明显抬升现象，仅少数创新型流感疫苗和进口苗 在一些社区疫苗接种点出现了阶段性短缺。 鼻喷疫苗、亚单位疫苗"紧俏" 疫苗接种是减少流感感染、发病及重症风险的最经济有效的手段。进入11月，北京、辽宁、陕西等 北方省份的一些社区卫生服务中心相继出现流感疫苗接种预约激增，甚至满员的现象。 "四价流感疫苗库存充足，但四价亚单位流感疫苗库存紧张，需要提 ...

Core Insights - The flu season in China has entered a rapid increase phase, with many provinces reaching moderate to high epidemic levels, leading to a significant rise in demand for flu vaccines and antiviral medications [1][4] Group 1: Flu Vaccine Supply and Demand - Flu vaccine and antiviral drug supplies remain stable across multiple regions, with no significant price increases reported, although some innovative and imported vaccines are experiencing temporary shortages [1][2] - There is a notable increase in flu vaccine appointment requests in northern provinces, with four-valent subunit flu vaccines facing tight inventory, while adult flu vaccines are generally available [2][3] Group 2: Targeted Vaccination Initiatives - Beijing has included school students and frontline workers in a free vaccination program, aiming to complete the initiative by the end of the month, with other regions extending vaccination hours for minors [3] Group 3: Antiviral Drug Demand Surge - The demand for antiviral medications has surged, with sales figures showing a 22-fold increase in flu medication transactions since the onset of the flu season, and specific products like Oseltamivir and Favipiravir seeing significant sales growth [4][5] Group 4: Drug Efficacy and Market Regulation - Current antiviral medications remain effective against circulating flu strains, with no evidence of increased virulence in flu viruses; regulatory bodies are actively monitoring and ensuring stable supply and pricing of these medications [5][6]

Core Insights - The discussion highlights the low efficacy of respiratory virus vaccines compared to hepatitis B vaccines, emphasizing the need for improved mucosal immunity research to enhance disease prevention [1][4]. Group 1: Mucosal Immunity - Mucosal immunity serves as the first line of defense against pathogens, utilizing physical barriers and immune functions to protect the body [2]. - Research indicates that mucosal immune responses can trigger a cross-organ response, enhancing overall immunity [2]. - Mucosal immunity is crucial not only for infection prevention but also for managing severe cases of respiratory infections, where inflammation control is vital [2]. Group 2: Research Gaps and Opportunities - There are significant scientific gaps in understanding mucosal immunity compared to other immune organs, which presents an opportunity for new drug and vaccine development [3]. - The activation of mucosal immunity is believed to improve the efficacy of respiratory virus vaccines, with ongoing research showing promising results for nasal spray vaccines [4]. - Current respiratory virus vaccines have limited effectiveness, highlighting the urgent need for a shift in immunization strategies through collaborative research efforts [4]. Group 3: The Role of Basic Research - Basic theoretical research is essential for technological innovation, as current understanding of pathogen interactions with lung epithelium and mucosal immune responses is still limited [5]. - Identifying common mechanisms of pathogen invasion could lead to the development of broad-spectrum emergency vaccines or treatments [6].