2026年，越南首富范日旺，正谋划将其麾下的绿色出行巨头——GSM（Greenand Smart Mobility）送往港交所敲钟。这不仅是范日旺资本棋局的关键落 子，更可能书写历史：GSM有望成为港股的"越南第一股"。 的士帝国浮出水面 作者｜沐风 编辑｜时楠 点击收听本文播客 越南首富要来港股捞金了？ 事实上，范日旺早就是资本老手了。他在越南拥有5家上市公司，总市值达到200万亿越南盾，约530亿人民币，2025年增长近5.5倍。 2023年，为了让旗下VinFast登陆美股，他还找来了"赌王之子"何猷龙，双方合作玩了一手借壳上市。VinFast上市首日，股价暴涨250%，市值一度突破850 亿美元，直接秒杀福特与通用。 但在高光之后，VinFast陷入了股价暴跌、巨额亏损的泥潭。如今，范日旺带着"的士帝国"叩关港股，究竟是新能源版图的二次狂飙，还是为了给亏损 的"造车梦"紧急输血？ 01 搭上"赌王之子"玩转美股 越南首富范日旺的野心，是做一个全球认可的"越南民族品牌"。2017年，他创立了汽车品牌VinFast，号称"越南特斯拉"，试图让越南工业在全球占据一席 之地。 为了造车，范日旺展现了雄厚的"钞 ...

Core Insights - VinFast Auto achieved record sales in Vietnam, delivering 27,649 battery electric vehicles (BEVs) in December 2025, leading to a total of 175,099 units sold for the year, nearly doubling sales compared to 2024 [1][5] - The company captured approximately one-third of the total vehicle sales in Vietnam, with the overall market exceeding 550,000 units, positioning Vietnam as one of the fastest-growing BEV markets globally [1] Sales Performance - The compact VF3 was the best-selling model for VinFast in 2025, with 44,585 deliveries, followed closely by the VF5 at 43,913 units and the Limo Green at 27,127 units [3] - In addition to domestic sales, VinFast delivered 11,000 BEVs in Indonesia and over 1,000 units in India after starting deliveries in August [5] Product and Service Expansion - VinFast expanded its model lineup with the introduction of the Limo Green MPV in August, which became the best-selling model in the fourth quarter with 10,981 units delivered in December [2] - The company has enhanced its aftersales network to 400 outlets and established over 150,000 charging points across 34 provinces and cities in Vietnam [4] Marketing and Customer Engagement - VinFast launched the 'Boundless Drive for a Green Future' campaign, offering incentives such as zero-down-payment financing, discounts of 6% to 10% on popular models, and free charging at V-Green stations until June 2027 [4] - The Deputy CEO of Global Automotive Sales at VinFast emphasized the company's commitment to quality and service, highlighting its leadership role in Vietnam's transition to electric vehicles [5]

Core Insights - VinFast has set a new benchmark in the Vietnamese automotive industry by delivering 175,099 electric vehicles (EVs) in 2025, doubling the previous record held by foreign brands [1] - The company maintained a leading market share for 15 consecutive months, with December 2025 alone seeing a record delivery of 27,600 vehicles [1] - The rapid transition of Vietnamese consumers towards electric vehicles positions Vietnam as one of the fastest-growing EV markets in the region [1] Product Performance - VinFast's diverse product matrix has allowed it to dominate most market segments, with notable sales figures for its small and personal vehicles: VF3 (44,500 units), VF5 (43,900 units), and VF6 (23,200 units) [1] - The mid-to-large SUV models VF7, VF8, and VF9 have shown stable sales, catering to family and business customers [1] - The Limo Green operational vehicle sold 2,710 units, while the Herio Green reached 1,250 units; the Limo Green MPV7 model quickly became a bestseller, delivering nearly 11,000 units in December 2025 alone [1] Infrastructure and Growth Strategy - VinFast currently operates approximately 400 service outlets and over 150,000 charging points across Vietnam [2] - To ensure sustainable growth, the company plans to expand its after-sales service system and charging infrastructure, promoting initiatives like free charging until 2027 [2] - The company aims to accelerate the transition to green transportation through favorable policies and financial support, further solidifying its leading position in the Vietnamese EV market [2]

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Net revenue for Q1 2025 was USD 657 million, a 150% increase year over year and largely in line with Q4 2024 [27] - Cost of goods sold for the quarter was USD 888 million, an increase of 113% year over year and down 25% quarter over quarter [27] - Q1 2025 gross margin was -35%, an improvement from -59% in the same period last year [27] - Net loss for the quarter was USD 712 million, with a net loss margin of -109%, compared to -226% in Q1 2024 [30] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - In Q1 2025, VinFast delivered 36,330 electric vehicles, representing a 296% increase year over year and a 32% decline quarter over quarter [7] - Two-wheeler deliveries reached 44,904 units, marking a 473% year over year increase and a 44% rise quarter over quarter [8] - B2C deliveries accounted for over 70% of total sales for three consecutive quarters through Q1 2025 [9] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - In Vietnam, VinFast's market share of overall auto sales increased to nearly 40% in Q1 2025 from approximately 20% last year [15] - EV penetration in Vietnam reached nearly 40% in Q1, while BEV adoption in Indonesia was 7% and 3% in The Philippines [11] - Vietnam led Southeast Asia in automotive sales growth with a 24% year over year increase [15] Company Strategy and Development Direction - VinFast aims to double vehicle deliveries in 2025 and maintain strong momentum into 2026 [39] - The company is transitioning from a direct-to-consumer model to a dealer-based model to enhance efficiency [28] - New vehicle platforms and EE architecture are expected to drive long-term cost savings and operational efficiency [26][22] Management Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed optimism about improved operating leverage driven by economies of scale [6] - The company is focused on scaling operations, accelerating product development, and executing cost optimization to achieve profitability [39] - Management acknowledged the challenges posed by global macroeconomic and trade uncertainties but remains committed to growth [7] Other Important Information - CapEx for Q1 2025 was USD 147 million, down 24% year over year and 40% quarter over quarter [30] - As of May 31, liquidity stands at approximately USD 2.4 billion, including various loans and grants [32] Q&A Session Summary Question: Timeline on new factories in Vietnam, India, and Indonesia - All facilities in Asia are expected to start operations this year, with the India factory opening in July [36] Question: Key catalysts for investors in 2025 - Growth will be driven by deeper market penetration in key international markets and new product offerings [39] Question: Timing of CapEx and when it might peak - Total CapEx planned for 2025 is USD 800 million, with over 50% allocated to R&D [44] Question: Expansion into the bus market - Deliveries of buses have already started in Vietnam, with plans to expand into other markets [46] Question: Average selling price (ASP) trajectory for the rest of the year - ASP for Q1 2025 was around USD 15,000, expected to remain under USD 20,000 for the full year [49] Question: Variable margin versus fixed costs in production - Variable costs are being optimized, with expectations for improvements in gross margin by 2026 [51] Question: Rationale for closing B2C showrooms in North America and Europe - Transitioning to a dealership model to enhance efficiency and scale globally [61] Question: Liquidity status - Total cash burn for 2025 is expected to be around USD 2 billion to USD 2.5 billion [64]

Financial Data and Key Metrics Changes - Net revenue for Q1 2025 was USD 657 million, a 150% increase year over year and largely in line with Q4 2024 [24] - Cost of goods sold for the quarter was USD 888 million, an increase of 113% year over year and down 25% quarter over quarter [24] - Q1 2025 gross margin was -35%, an improvement from -59% in the same period last year [25] - Net loss for the quarter was USD 712 million, with a net loss margin of -109%, compared to -226% in Q1 2024 [28] - Operating cash flow for the quarter was -USD 607 million, an improvement from -USD 500 million in Q1 2024 [29] Business Line Data and Key Metrics Changes - In Q1 2025, VinFast delivered 36,330 electric vehicles, a 296% increase year over year but a 32% decline quarter over quarter [6] - Two-wheeler deliveries reached 44,904 units, marking a 473% year over year increase and a 44% rise quarter over quarter [7] - B2C deliveries accounted for over 70% of total sales for three consecutive quarters through Q1 2025 [7] Market Data and Key Metrics Changes - In Vietnam, VinFast's market share of overall auto sales increased to nearly 40% in Q1 2025 from approximately 20% last year [13] - EV penetration in Vietnam reached nearly 40% in Q1, while BEV adoption in Indonesia was 7% and in The Philippines was only 3% [9] - VinFast's charging partner, V Green, has deployed over 2,000 charging locations across Indonesia, with approximately 16% operational [11] Company Strategy and Development Direction - VinFast is transitioning from a direct-to-consumer model to a dealer-based model to improve operational efficiency [26] - The company plans to double vehicle deliveries in 2025 and maintain strong momentum into 2026 [37] - New vehicle platforms and EE architecture are expected to drive long-term cost savings and operational efficiency [23][19] Management Comments on Operating Environment and Future Outlook - Management expressed optimism about improved operating leverage driven by economies of scale despite ongoing global macroeconomic uncertainties [5] - The company anticipates higher R&D spending in the coming periods to support the development of next-generation platforms and technologies [27] - Management highlighted the importance of scaling operations and optimizing costs as key factors for achieving profitability [37] Other Important Information - CapEx for Q1 2025 was USD 147 million, down 24% year over year and 40% quarter over quarter [28] - As of May 31, the company's liquidity stands at around USD 2.4 billion, including various loans and grants [30] Q&A Session Summary Question: Timeline for new factories in Vietnam, India, and Indonesia - All facilities in Asia are expected to start operations this year, with the India factory opening in July [34] Question: Key catalysts for investors in 2025 - Key catalysts include scaling operations, accelerating product development, and executing cost optimization [37] Question: Timing of CapEx and expected peak - The company plans to spend a total of USD 800 million in 2025, with over 50% allocated to R&D [42] Question: Expansion into the bus market - The company expects to deliver about 1,000 buses in Vietnam this year and is expanding into other markets [45] Question: Average selling price (ASP) trajectory - ASP for Q1 2025 was around USD 15,000, expected to remain under USD 20,000 for the full year [48] Question: Closing of B2C showrooms in North America and Europe - The transition to a dealership model is aimed at enhancing efficiency and scale globally [60] Question: Liquidity status - The company has disbursed USD 1.2 billion in loans and has a liquidity of approximately USD 2.4 billion [64]