旅游促进发展 公开披露授权 公开披露授权 从十年世界银行经验中汲取的教 训 公开披露授权 1 公开披露授权 旅游与发展：世界银行十年经验的启示 © 2025年12月 世界银行集团 电话：202-473-1000；互联网：www.worldbank.org 1818 NW第六街，华盛顿市，哥伦比亚特区 20433 部分版权所有。 这份工作是世界银行的产品。本工作中表达的研究发现、解释和结论并不一定反映世界银行执行董事或他们所代表政府的观点。 世界银行不对本作品中包含的数据的准确性、完整性或时效性作出保证，也不对信息中的任何错误、遗漏或差异承担责任，或对使用或未使用信息、方法、 程序或结论承担责任。本作品中所示边界、颜色、名称、链接/脚注以及其他信息并不代表世界银行对任何领土的法律地位的判断，也不表示对这类边界的 认可或接受。引用他人作品并不意味着世界银行支持那些作者的观点或其作品的内容。 本文件中所述内容不得构成、解释或被视为对世界银行特权与豁免权的限制或放弃，所有这些特权与豁免权均予以特别保留。 权利与许可 本作品中的材料受版权保护。由于世界银行鼓励其知识的传播，本作品可以全部或部分复制，但前提是必须充分注明 ...

1 A Decade of Progress: Inside Saudi Arabia's Labor Market Transformation A Decade of Progress INSIDE SAUDI ARABIA'S LABOR MARKET TRANSFORMATION Nayib Rivera Carole Chartouni Ekaterina Pankratova Johannes Koettl Tjaša Bartolj Miha Dominko Simon Bilo Ahmed Alzahrani Ahmed Humedi Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized | → | → | → | → | → | → | → | | | | | | → → | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ...

Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized The Global Sanitation Crisis A Systems Approach to Resilient Citywide Inclusive Sanitation BACKGROUND PAPER Leonie Hyde-Smith and Martin Gambrill A Product of The World Bank's Global Department for Water The Global Sanitation Crisis A Systems Approach to Resilient Citywide Inclusive Sanitation About the Global Department for Water The World Bank Group's Global Department for Water brings toget ...

Tackling a National Crisis: How the World Bank is Paving the Way for a More Sustainable Plas- tic Waste Management in the Philippines Addressing a National Challenge: How the Philippines is Strengthening Sustainable Plastic Waste Management with Support from the World Bank Group. Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized © 2025 The World Bank Group 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Website: www.worldbank. ...

SKILLS FOR THE FUTURE Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Attribution: Than Thi May, Maria Jose Vargas, Dominick Egan. 2025. Empowering Economic Transformation through Digital Learning: The case of FutureX in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. World Bank. Washington, DC. Empowering Eco ...

DIGITAL SKILLS FOR AFRICA ZAMBIA: Results from the Task-Based Digital Skills Assessment of Teachers and Students in TVET Institutions Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Marjorie Chinen and Girma Woldetsadik September 2025 | Figure 4. Teacher Distribution by Proficiency Levels across 16 Assessment Topics 17 | | | --- | --- | | Figure 5. Teachers Proficiency in Pix Digital Skills Assessment and Competence Area by | | | Gender 19 ...

Approach Paper Jamaica Country Program Evaluation, Fiscal Years 2014–25 December 19, 2025 1. Evaluation Purpose and Audience 1.1 This Country Program Evaluation (CPE) will assess the performance of the World Bank Group's support to Jamaica from FY 2014 to FY25. The evaluation will cover two Bank Group strategies, the Country Partnership Strategy (CPS) from FY14 to FY17, which was extended through FY19, and part of the ongoing Country Partnership Framework (CPF) from FY24 to FY27, as well as the period with ...

What Attracts Investors to Distressed Asset Markets? Key Pillars for Private Investors to Participate in Market Development IFC Distressed Asset Recovery Program Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized WB Finance, Competitiveness & Investment GP Marta Mueller and Fernando Dancausa December 2025 WHAT ATTRACTS INVESTORS TO DISTRESSED ASSET MARKETS? Key Pillars for Private Investors to Participate in Market Development Marta Mueller an ...

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the education sector in South Asia. Core Insights - The demographic transition in South Asia presents both challenges and opportunities for the education sector, with a projected decline of about 10% in the under-17 population by 2050, from 634 million in 2020 to 572 million [10] - The potential for reinvesting educational resources is significant, with an average of 0.6 percentage points of GDP available for basic education by 2050, even after achieving universal basic education [4] - The report emphasizes that a shrinking student population does not automatically lead to more efficient spending due to structural and political challenges [4] Summary by Sections Introduction - The demographic transition in South Asia is characterized by a decline in the school-age population, which varies across countries, with some experiencing growth while others face significant declines [10] Education Landscape - South Asia has seen improvements in access to education, with primary school attendance rates exceeding 90% in most countries, but quality remains a challenge, with high rates of learning poverty [11][12] - The region spends an average of only 3.5% of GDP on education, below the recommended 4% to 6% by UNESCO [12] Investment Efficiency - Inefficient allocation of education funds, primarily towards infrastructure and salaries, limits investments in areas that could enhance learning outcomes [14] - Strategic investments are needed to improve educational quality, including targeted campaigns and improved teaching practices [14] Demographic Opportunities - The demographic shift offers a chance to create fiscal space for improving education access and quality, but requires proactive policy choices to realize efficiency gains [15][16] - School consolidation is suggested as a method to manage costs while maintaining quality, though it faces political resistance [20][21] Projections and Scenarios - The report projects public education expenditure as a percentage of GDP from 2020 to 2050 across eight South Asian countries, considering various scenarios related to demographic changes and education system efficiency [23][24] - Four scenarios are analyzed: demographic changes only, universal enrollment by 2050, high-income country expenditure levels, and variable GDP growth rates [28][29] - Under the conservative GDP growth scenario, public expenditure on primary and secondary education could be reinvested to the equivalent of 1.7 percentage points of GDP by 2050 [29]

Investment Rating - The report does not provide a specific investment rating for the industry. Core Insights - The study investigates the impact of survey mode (in-person vs. phone) on data quality in rural Nigeria, revealing that phone responses differ from in-person responses by 17-18% at the median across various outcome measures [4][13][57]. - The findings indicate that mode effects are significant and economically meaningful, with 70% of outcomes showing positive mode effects, suggesting that respondents tend to provide more affirmative or frequent responses via phone [13][60]. - The research highlights the importance of understanding and mitigating measurement errors in phone surveys to improve data quality in low- and middle-income countries [17][19]. Summary by Sections Introduction - High-quality socioeconomic data is essential for research and development interventions, with phone surveys becoming increasingly important in low- and middle-income countries, especially post-COVID-19 [9][10]. - Concerns about data quality in phone surveys have emerged, necessitating a deeper understanding of mode effects and their implications for economic research [10][11]. Experimental Design and Data - The study utilized a randomized survey experiment involving 937 households in rural Nigeria, comparing responses from both phone and in-person interviews [12][33]. - The experimental design allowed for the identification of mode effects while controlling for various confounding factors [39][45]. Main Estimates of Mode Effects - The results show that responses collected via phone differ significantly from in-person estimates, with the median mode effect at 18% for between-respondent estimates and 17% for within-respondent estimates [57][58]. - Mode effects vary by topic, with the largest effects observed in health-related questions, such as health expenditure incidence and COVID-19 vaccination rates [58][60]. Respondent-Level Mode Effects and Heterogeneity - The within-respondent design revealed substantial heterogeneity in mode effects, with many respondents providing inconsistent answers across modes [64][70]. - More educated respondents were found to be less susceptible to mode effects, indicating that education level plays a role in response consistency [70][71]. Conclusion - The study emphasizes the need for further research to understand the drivers of mode effects and to develop strategies for mitigating measurement errors in phone surveys [20][61].