Public Disclosure Authorized LEBANON ECONOMIC MONITOR Mounting Burdens on a Crisis-Ridden Country Public Disclosure Authorized ?????????????????? ?????????????????? ?????????????????? Fall 2024 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Lebanon Economic Monitor 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433 The Deliberate Depression Fall 2020 Middle East and North Africa Region Mounting Burdens on a Crisis-Ridden Country Des pressions accrues sur un pays rongé par la crise تفاقم األعباء على بلد مأزوم ...

Investment Rating - The report does not provide a specific investment rating for the industry analyzed. Core Insights - The study investigates the differentiated economic impact of natural hazard-related disasters, specifically floods, in conflict versus non-conflict areas, revealing that conflicts amplify the negative impacts of such disasters on economic activity and recovery times [2][8][9]. Summary by Sections Introduction - The research aims to examine the impact of disasters and climate shocks on populations in conflict-affected regions, utilizing remote sensing technology to analyze the short-term effects of flooding events in Mozambique and Nigeria [8][10]. Methodology - A difference-in-difference econometric approach is employed, using satellite imagery of nightlight radiance and geospatial data on flood and conflict events to assess the economic impacts of floods in both conflict and non-conflict areas [17][39]. Results - Significant disparities in the effects of disasters and climate shocks are observed, with conflict-affected regions experiencing a more pronounced decline in economic activities compared to non-conflict areas [9][74]. - Specifically, conflict-affected areas experienced a 1.4% larger decline in economic activity one month after the floods compared to non-conflict areas [74]. Case Studies - The report focuses on two case studies: the 2019 tropical cyclones Idai and Kenneth in Mozambique and the July 2022 floods in Nigeria, highlighting the compounded crises faced by populations in conflict settings [48][49]. Data Sources - The analysis utilizes various data sources, including nightlight data from the VIIRS sensor, flood data from Sentinel-1 satellite, and conflict data from the ACLED database, to provide a comprehensive understanding of the impacts of floods in conflict-affected areas [18][24][31].

Investment Rating - The report does not provide a specific investment rating for the industry. Core Insights - Policymakers are willing to accept a program with a 5.0 percentage point lower estimated effect on enrollment rates if it is recommended by a local expert, indicating a strong preference for local knowledge over formal evidence [2][49]. - Programs supported by evidence from a different region are preferred over those supported by local evaluations only if the former has a 5.8 percentage point higher estimated impact, highlighting the importance of perceived relevance in evidence [2][49]. - The findings suggest that local knowledge significantly influences policy decisions, and researchers should aim to generate contextually relevant evidence to enhance the uptake of their findings by policymakers [49]. Summary by Sections Introduction - The increase in impact evaluations provides policymakers with more formal evidence, yet they often rely on local expert recommendations, which raises questions about the relative weight given to these sources of information [7]. - A discrete choice experiment was conducted with policymakers to assess how they value local expert advice compared to formal impact evaluation results [7]. Methodology - A survey was conducted with 190 policy professionals at World Bank and Inter-American Development Bank workshops, focusing on their preferences for program recommendations based on various attributes [14][17]. - The experiment involved comparing programs with different evaluation methods, locations, impacts, and recommendations from local experts [25][27]. Results - Policymakers showed a preference for programs with larger estimated treatment effects and those recommended by local experts, while policy practitioners favored programs with more precise impact evaluation results [31]. - The analysis revealed that policymakers would accept a program with a 5.0 percentage point lower impact if it was recommended by a local expert, indicating a significant trade-off in their decision-making process [39][49]. - The results suggest that local expert recommendations and impact evaluations from the same country are both valued, but they are not seen as substitutes [41][45]. Conclusion - The study concludes that local knowledge plays a crucial role in policy decisions, and researchers should strive to align their studies with the contexts relevant to policymakers to improve the likelihood of their findings being utilized [49].

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry Core Insights - The urgency and rapidly changing conditions during health emergencies necessitate robust monitoring efforts to ensure transparency [3] - Defining the characteristics of monitoring systems in agreement with stakeholders from the onset is crucial [3] - An effective Track and Trace Monitoring System (T&TMS) can be developed using basic tools like Excel spreadsheets and shared drives, without requiring sophisticated digital platforms [3][35] Summary by Sections Introduction - Argentina's COVID-19 Emergency Project was initiated as part of the World Bank's global response to the COVID-19 pandemic, with the first loan approved on April 2, 2020 [4] - The project aimed to support Argentina's health response and strengthen public health preparedness during a severe economic crisis [4][5] Financial Support and Procurement - The first loan provided US$30.9 million for medical equipment and supplies, with US$15.3 million allocated for 12,140 pieces of medical equipment and US$15.6 million for disposable medical supplies [12] - Emergency procurement mechanisms were utilized to ensure timely responses to urgent challenges posed by the pandemic [6] Track-and-Trace Monitoring System - A T&TMS was developed to track the movement of medical equipment and supplies from vendors to healthcare facilities [12] - The monitoring activities were divided into three stages: reception and distribution planning, concurrent supervision, and ex-post verification [13] Operational Achievements - The project facilitated the purchase of over 12,000 pieces of medical equipment and thousands of disposable supplies, distributed among 969 designated recipients [23][24] - The T&TMS ensured full traceability of shipments, which was particularly notable given the adverse conditions during the pandemic [25] Health System Strengthening - The project strengthened Argentina's health system capacity to respond to increased demand for intensive care, providing equipment to 90% of public hospitals with IC units [26] - A total of 3,511 ventilators were purchased, representing approximately 39% of the pre-pandemic stock [26] Health Outcomes - Argentina's excess mortality due to COVID-19 was 0.85 deaths per 1,000 population, significantly lower than the Latin American average of 1.79 deaths per 1,000 population [28] Factors Affecting Implementation - The Bank's long-term engagement and knowledge of Argentina's health sector facilitated the rapid preparation of the project [29] - Existing administrative procedures and information technology platforms supported the development of the T&TMS [30][31] Lessons Learned - The T&TMS serves as a best practice for future health emergencies, emphasizing the need for robust monitoring systems and stakeholder agreement from the onset [35]

Industry Investment Rating - The report highlights a broadly downward trend in FDI into emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs) over the past decade, with FDI inflows into developing countries falling by 3% between 2014-18 and 2019-23 [63][64] - The FDI-to-GDP ratio for developing countries dropped to 1.7% in 2019-23, the lowest in decades [63][64] - Greenfield FDI, however, has shown resilience, with announcements reaching nearly $750 billion in 2023, the highest annual level on record [70] Core Industry Insights - The global FDI landscape is increasingly shaped by near-shoring, friend-shoring, and reshoring, driven by geopolitical considerations, supply chain resilience, and market access [61][73] - US FDI flows into Mexico rose from $34 billion in 2014-18 to $45 billion in 2019-23, reflecting a shift towards shorter supply chains and less geopolitical uncertainty [78] - Chinese companies are redirecting FDI to third-country manufacturing hubs like Vietnam, Mexico, and Malaysia to preserve access to Western markets [78] Chapter 1: Trends in FDI in Developing Countries - Upper-middle-income economies dominate FDI inflows, accounting for over 75% of developing country FDI, with six countries (China, Brazil, India, Mexico, Indonesia, and Vietnam) receiving nearly 70% of total inflows [147][149] - Greenfield FDI in developing countries rebounded strongly post-pandemic, with ICT-related sectors experiencing significant growth, reaching over $30 billion in 2023 [201][202] - Reinvested earnings in developing countries have risen, accounting for over 60% of total FDI in 2021 and 2022, signaling confidence in host economies [206][207] Chapter 2: Near-Shoring, Friend-Shoring, and FDI Relocations - Over 80% of investment promotion agencies (IPAs) believe FDI relocations will significantly impact their countries, with 86% of developing country IPAs expecting friend-shoring to be an important trend [79][80] - Chinese FDI to Vietnam, Mexico, and Malaysia surged, with investments in computer manufacturing increasing 13-fold in 2023 compared to 2022 [78] - The MIGA-WAIPA survey indicates that geopolitical and economic risks, particularly supply chain disruptions and Russia's invasion of Ukraine, are top concerns for FDI [43][84] Chapter 3: Political Risk Insurance (PRI) Trends - The ratio of PRI issuance to FDI flows into developing countries has declined, with only 7% of FDI covered by PRI in 2020-23 [87][89] - Public sector PRI providers, particularly export credit agencies, dominate the market, while multilateral providers like MIGA have doubled their issuance share, focusing on riskier environments [89][90] - Claims related to transfer and convertibility risks, as well as political violence, have increased post-pandemic, though the PRI industry retains sufficient capacity to handle these risks [90][91]

Public Disclosure Authorized Global Gas Flaring Tracker Report JUNE 2024 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized d Methane Reduction Partnership 2 Global Gas Flaring Tracker Report Global Gas Flaring Tracker Report3 Foreword7 Acknowledgments8 Abbreviations9 Key Findings 11 Global Perspective 14 Spotlight Countries 19 The Islamic Republic of Iran and Libya 19 Russia 20 United States 22 Algeria 26 República Bolivariana de Venezuela 27 Imported Flare Gas Index 28 ...

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Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Gulf Economic Update Public Disclosure Authorized | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | |-------|-------|-------------------------------------------|-------|-------| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Navigang the Water Challenge in the GCC: | | | Public Disclosure Authorized © 2024 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org This work is a product ...

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Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized INDONESIA'S EXPERIENCE IN DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTING A PUBLIC ASSETS INSURANCE PROGRAM: A FIVE-YEAR JOURNEY NOVEMBER 2024 Public Disclosure Authorized ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This report was prepared by the World Bank. The team consisted of Dara Lengkong, Sumati Rajput, Fajar Pane, Cynthia Clarita Kusharto, Francesco Strobbe, Greg Fowler, Simon Sherriff, Djoko Trenggono, Frans Wiyono, and Elisabeth D. Nurani from the World Bank G ...