Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry but emphasizes the critical importance of green competitiveness for Ethiopia's economy, particularly in the context of sustainability regulations and climate change impacts. Core Insights - Environmental and climate factors are increasingly shaping Ethiopia's economic competitiveness, with significant implications for key sectors such as coffee, textiles, cut flowers, and aviation [20][21][25] - The report highlights the urgency of addressing sustainability challenges, particularly in the coffee sector, while also identifying opportunities for growth through renewable energy and vertical integration in value chains [25][30][32] Summary by Sections 1. Assessing Green Competitiveness in Ethiopia - The report provides a high-level assessment of how climate change and environmental degradation impact Ethiopia's economic competitiveness, particularly in critical sectors [20][21] - It notes that Ethiopia has lost economic momentum due to various crises, including the suspension of duty-free access to the U.S. market [20] 2. Supply-Side Impacts from Climate Change - Ethiopia's economy is highly vulnerable to climate change, with projected cumulative economic losses expected to rise significantly by 2030 [22][26] - The report discusses direct impacts on agriculture and indirect effects on production, such as supply chain disruptions and hydropower generation [22][26] 3. Demand for Sustainability - A growing number of sustainability requirements in key export markets are reshaping market access conditions for Ethiopian firms [22][23] - The report emphasizes the need for Ethiopian firms to strengthen links with international buyers to comply with sustainability regulations [22][23] 4. Sectoral Analysis - **Coffee**: The coffee sector faces significant climate risks and regulatory pressures, particularly from the EU Deforestation Regulation, which could jeopardize over 10% of Ethiopia's export revenues [28][29] - **Textiles and Apparel**: The sector is under pressure to improve sustainability practices, with a focus on reducing environmental impacts and enhancing local value addition [30][31] - **Cut Flowers**: The cut flower industry benefits from favorable climatic conditions but faces sustainability challenges related to waste management and transportation [31] - **Aviation**: Ethiopian Airlines contributes significantly to the GDP but must navigate the challenges of decarbonization and regulatory compliance in the aviation sector [32] 5. Conclusion and Policy Recommendations - The report recommends establishing a coordinating mechanism to track and analyze compliance with sustainability regulations, enhancing Ethiopia's national quality infrastructure, and promoting private sector adoption of standards [33][34][35]

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the mining industry in developing countries, but it emphasizes the need for improved governance and reduced political risk to enhance investment attractiveness. Core Insights - The report highlights the significant impact of political risk on mining investment decisions, project sizes, and the volume of ore mined, particularly for green minerals essential for energy transition [5][51] - It advocates for a progressive profit tax on mining revenues as an optimal approach to tax extraction, which would generate government revenues while minimally deterring investment [5][13] - The analysis indicates that low-quality governance and institutions in developing countries hinder the exploration and exploitation of critical minerals like copper, leading to suboptimal global production and lost revenues for host countries [5][11] Summary by Sections Introduction - The report discusses the economics of mining projects and the importance of capturing resource rents through taxation by host nations, particularly focusing on green minerals critical for energy transformation [5][6] Section 1: Dispelling Resource Rent Myths - It clarifies that resource rents can be difficult to measure and that taxation should focus on stable profits rather than unmeasurable resource rents [15][26] - The report argues against taxing resource rents on an ex-ante or ex-post basis, suggesting that stable, modest profits taxes are more effective [13][24] Section 2: Resource Rent and Surplus at Mining Projects - A theoretical model is presented to compute resource rents and analyze the impact of political risk on mining project investment and operational decisions [56][57] - The report emphasizes that the computation of rent depends on whether the capital employed is reversible or irreversible, affecting investment decisions [57] Political Risk and Investment - The report identifies that political risk is a significant factor influencing investment decisions, with projects in politically risky countries requiring higher returns to justify investment [7][9] - It suggests that reducing political risk through improved governance and infrastructure can unlock exploration and increase production from identified mineral deposits [5][12] Future Demand for Green Minerals - The report anticipates a substantial increase in demand for critical energy-transition metals by 2030, which could lead to higher prices and increased mining activity in developing countries [51][52] - However, it cautions that current global policies for decarbonization are lacking, which may hinder the anticipated growth in mining rents [53][54]

Public Disclosure Authorized THE CARE Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Shutterstock.com / Andrzej Lisowski Travel TVTC archiveGael Fostier de Moraes Nicola Duell Mohamed Ihsan Ajwad المؤسسة العامة للتدريب التقني والمـهني Technical and Vocational Training Corporation THE CARE BAddressing care through Technical OOM and Vocational Education in Saudi Arabia Gael Fostier de Moraes Nicola Duell Mohamed Ihsan Ajwad © 2024 The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washin ...

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the childcare industry in Uganda Core Insights - The report highlights the significant burden of childcare on women in Uganda, with 83% of women performing unpaid care work compared to 53% of men, which affects their participation in the labor market and entrepreneurial activities [17][18] - It emphasizes the lack of adequate legal and policy frameworks for center-based childcare services for children under three years of age, indicating a gap in support for this demographic [24][38] - The report identifies three pillars of childcare services: availability, affordability, and quality, and discusses the current legal and regulatory measures in place to support these pillars [25][22] Summary by Sections Introduction - The report provides an overview of Uganda's legal, policy, and institutional framework for center-based childcare for children under three years of age, aiming to inform the GROW project [17][24] - It notes that the current labor force participation rate among women in Uganda is 39%, significantly lower than that of men [17] Availability of Childcare Services - The legal framework in Uganda primarily entrusts the provision of early childhood care to the private sector and non-governmental organizations, with no public provisions for children under three [33][34] - Employer-supported childcare is largely voluntary, with ongoing efforts to reform laws to require employers to provide childcare services [33][34] Affordability of Childcare Services - The report states that fees for childcare services range from US$0.80 to US$527 per month, with no legal interventions to make childcare affordable [41][42] - Most childcare facilities are concentrated in urban areas, making access difficult for low-income families and those in rural areas [42][43] Quality of Childcare Services - The report discusses the absence of legal requirements for minimum operating hours or flexible hours for childcare centers, although some providers have adapted to meet demand [36][38] - Quality standards for childcare services are not well established, leading to disparities in service provision [26][38] Institutional Framework for Childcare Provision - The report highlights the need for a stronger institutional framework to support childcare provision, including regulations for licensing and monitoring of childcare services [26][27] Conclusions and Recommendations - The report concludes that significant reforms are needed to improve the legal and policy frameworks for childcare services for children under three, emphasizing the importance of addressing availability, affordability, and quality [24][38]

The World Bank's agriculture and irrigation portfolio shows limited coverage of advanced technologies (that is, digital), but, over time, projects have shifted New insights from existing evidence to inform decisions, address knowledge gaps, and enhance operational learning WORLD BANK GROUP ricultural nd Technology in orld Bank Projects ctober 2024 toward including a more diverse range of technologies. | --- | --- | |-------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ...

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry Core Insights - Women remain underrepresented in key sectors in Azerbaijan, particularly in transport, energy, and construction, with only 16.5% of the workforce in transport being female [12][54] - The report emphasizes the importance of increasing women's participation in the labor market to drive economic growth and diversification, aligning with Azerbaijan's national development priorities [13][14] - The findings highlight significant gender gaps in leadership and technical roles, necessitating coordinated efforts from policymakers and companies to support women's employment [25][36] Summary by Sections 1. Introduction - The report explores women's employment in Azerbaijan, focusing on barriers in male-dominated sectors, particularly transport [36] - It aims to provide recommendations for increasing women's participation and leadership in these sectors [14] 2. Women's Employment in Azerbaijan - Women's labor force participation is 62%, compared to 75% for men, with significant disparities in sector representation [12][54] - Women are concentrated in lower-paying sectors, with only 16.5% in transport and storage, 10.7% in energy, and 7.5% in construction [54][56] 3. Increasing Women's Participation in the Transport Sector - Gender assessments of Azerbaijan Railways and Port of Baku reveal that women account for only 17% and 8% of the workforce, respectively [18][19] - Both companies are committed to increasing female representation, with Port of Baku aiming for 20% by 2030 [20][21] 4. Best Practices on Equal Opportunity - The report presents examples of companies implementing gender equality initiatives, such as technical skills training and inclusive workplace policies [4][8] 5. Recommendations - Recommendations for policymakers include promoting women's participation in STEM fields and strengthening legislation for equal pay [28][29] - Companies are encouraged to implement strategies for gender equality, including targeted recruitment and leadership development initiatives for women [31][32][33]

Investment Rating - The report does not provide a specific investment rating for the industry. Core Insights - The catalog documents and analyzes tools aimed at reducing gender inequalities in land tenure in Senegal, highlighting the significant challenges women face in accessing land and property rights despite their crucial role in agricultural production [10][13][22]. Summary by Sections Introduction - Secure access to housing, land, and property is essential for development, with women in Senegal accounting for 70% of the rural working population but only 6% owning farmland and 2.5% owning housing [10][11][12]. Analytical Review by Tool Category - The report categorizes initiatives into two main areas: promoting women's access to land and promoting women's participation in land governance [26]. Promoting Women's Access to Land - Tools include an integrated approach combining awareness raising, training, and advocacy, a quota system for land allocation, and financial support mechanisms to reduce costs associated with securing land tenure [28][46][57]. - The integrated approach has shown positive results, such as increased land certificates issued to women and improved understanding of their rights [29][31][37]. Promoting Women's Participation in Land Governance - Initiatives focus on establishing joint consultation frameworks and expanded land commissions to enhance women's participation in decision-making processes [67][68]. - The establishment of gender-sensitive local governance charters has been noted as a successful strategy to promote equity in land access [76][79]. Conclusion - The report emphasizes the need for continued efforts to strengthen women's land rights through various initiatives, highlighting the importance of local governance and community involvement in achieving gender equity in land tenure [44][79].

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry. Core Insights - Argentina faces persistently high poverty rates, which have shown an upward trend in recent years despite increased resources aimed at mitigating poverty. Over the past four decades, poverty has consistently affected more than 25 percent of the urban population [14][15] - The report identifies four interconnected "poverty traps" that contribute to the persistence of poverty in Argentina: fiscal imbalance and inflation, intergenerational and geographical imbalances, low productivity and income vulnerability, and increasing climate risks [24][30][38][46] Summary by Sections Executive Summary - Poverty persists despite strengthened policies aimed at reducing it, with economic dynamics limiting the ability of low and middle-income households to sustainably increase their incomes [15][14] - Real household income has declined significantly, with average per capita household income falling by over 40 percent between 2016 and 2023 [18][19] Chapter 1: Poverty in Argentina - Poverty has increased in Argentina while it has declined in most countries in the region, with the latest estimate showing a poverty rate of 10.9 percent in 2022 [55][56] - The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the poverty situation, peaking at 15.4 percent in 2020 based on the international poverty line [60] Chapter 2: Drivers of Poverty - Labor income is the largest component of total household income, but its share has declined, leading to increased reliance on public transfers [19][20] - Structural barriers and economic distortions affect productive capital accumulation, with low-income populations being more vulnerable to adverse climate events [35][37] Chapter 3: Policy Responses and Poverty Traps - Income transfer programs have been the cornerstone of anti-poverty policy, but they struggle to address structural factors limiting income generation [21][22] - The report emphasizes the need for macroeconomic stabilization and addressing structural barriers to income generation as key strategies for overcoming poverty traps [52][53]

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry. Core Insights - Despite legal provisions promoting gender equality in land rights, women in Senegal face significant challenges in accessing and controlling land, with only 6% owning agricultural land and 2.5% owning housing [12][25] - Traditional practices and patriarchal norms limit women's access to land, with most women obtaining land rights through inheritance, loans, or gifts, which are often temporary and secondary [13][14] - Women's limited knowledge of land access procedures and the influence of patriarchal norms contribute to their marginalization in land matters [15] - Initiatives aimed at improving women's land tenure security have shown limited effectiveness despite some encouraging results [19][20] Summary by Sections 1. Introduction - Secure access to housing, land, and property is essential for development, with women's access generating economic advantages and social status [24] - Women represent 70% of the rural labor force but have relatively insecure access to land [26][25] 2. Land Governance in Senegal: Overview - The land tenure system in Senegal is characterized by a coexistence of formal legal systems and customary practices, leading to a lack of secure land rights [42][46] - The National Domain Law (NDL) aimed to promote equitable land access but has faced implementation challenges, resulting in continued reliance on informal practices [46][52] 3. Women and Land in Senegal: A Relatively Egalitarian Legal Framework - Senegal has a progressive legal framework that prohibits gender discrimination in property rights, yet practical access remains limited [85][89] - The NDL does not specify gender for land occupants, but its implementation has historically favored men [88][89] 4. What Land Rights Do Women Have in Practice? - Women primarily access land under male supervision, with social norms and misinterpretations of religious rules contributing to their exclusion from land inheritance [15][19] - Quantitative data shows that 61.8% of land rights are obtained through inheritance, while only 1.1% hold formal land allocation decisions from municipal councils [14][60] 5. Women in Land Governance: Present but Silent - Women's participation in formal land governance is limited, with patriarchal norms reinforcing their marginalization [20][21] - The Law on Parity has improved women's presence in municipal councils, but they remain poorly represented in land commissions [20][21] 6. Conclusions and Recommendations - The report concludes with recommendations for improving women's land rights, focusing on legal frameworks, capacity building, and increasing women's roles in land governance [22]

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry. Core Insights - Thailand is transitioning to a Bio-Circular-Green (BCG) economy to address economic challenges, climate vulnerability, and environmental degradation [25][26] - The updated BCG+ model aims to integrate climate resilience, sustainable resource management, and inclusivity into Thailand's development strategy [29] - The agriculture and fishing sectors are particularly vulnerable to climate change, with potential production losses ranging from $2.9 billion to $5.4 billion in agriculture and up to $26.2 billion in fishing [34] - Effective policy interventions could mitigate potential GDP losses of up to $553 billion by 2050 due to climate impacts [35][38] Summary by Sections Executive Summary - Thailand has progressed to an upper-middle-income country but faces challenges like economic deceleration and climate vulnerability [25] - The BCG model combines biological diversity with technological innovation for sustainable growth [26] - Climate change poses significant risks, particularly in urban areas and the agricultural sector [27][28] BCG+ Transition - Transitioning to a BCG+ economy requires contributions from all sectors, emphasizing the need for public-private coordination [30] - The transition could enhance economic welfare, increase incomes, and create jobs while safeguarding against climate risks [31] Methodology - The report employs advanced modeling tools to assess the impacts of the BCG+ model on the economy [32][33] Key Findings - The agriculture and fishing sectors are highly susceptible to climate change, with significant economic implications [34] - Approaching ecological tipping points could lead to substantial economic losses, emphasizing the need for proactive policy measures [35][36] Focus Areas and Recommendations - Adaptation strategies should prioritize flood management, coastal resilience, and climate-smart agriculture [41][42] - Mitigation strategies include implementing carbon pricing mechanisms and transitioning to renewable energy [44][45] - Embracing a circular economy is vital for reducing waste and promoting sustainable practices [48][56]