Public Disclosure Authorized TUNISIA ECONOMIC MONITOR Equity and Efficiency of Tunisia Tax System Fall 2024 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Tunisia Economic Monitor Equity and Efficiency of Tunisia Tax System Fall 2024 Middle East and North Africa Region © 2024 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the staff ...

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry Core Insights - The Job Quality Index (JQI) shows significant variation across countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), with Chile and Costa Rica at the forefront, while Guatemala, Honduras, and Peru rank the lowest [2][14] - Job quality disparities exist within countries, particularly affecting women, youth, and rural workers [2][31] - Economic growth correlates with both job creation and improvements in job quality, as evidenced by the employment-to-GDP elasticity [2][20] - Increases in job quality are often associated with reductions in poverty and inequality [2][17] Summary by Sections Motivation and Methods - Job quality is a critical factor in reducing poverty and inequality in LAC, extending beyond mere earnings to include social insurance and job satisfaction [4] - The JQI incorporates four dimensions: earnings, benefits, security, and satisfaction, to assess job quality [6][10] Findings - The JQI reveals substantial differences in job quality across LAC, with countries like Uruguay and Chile performing well in benefits coverage, while Guatemala and Honduras lag behind [11][14] - Job quality improvements were noted in most countries from the first to the latest available years, with Argentina, Colombia, and Peru showing the most significant gains [14] - A 0.01 increase in the JQI correlates with a 0.9% increase in GDP per capita and a decrease in poverty rates [17] Job Quality Dimensions - The JQI is constructed based on labor income above the poverty line, provision of benefits, job security, and job satisfaction [7][8][10] - Job quality is closely linked to labor productivity, with higher productivity associated with better job quality across sectors [23] Demographic Disparities - Gender gaps in job quality are prevalent, with the widest disparities in Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador [26] - Young workers (15-24 years) experience the lowest job quality, while prime-age workers (25-54 years) have better job quality [27][28] Final Remarks - The report highlights the heterogeneity in job quality across and within countries in LAC, emphasizing that better jobs are linked to economic development and structural transformation [31]

WORLD BANK GROUP Public Disclosure Authoriz Public Disclosure Authorize blic Disclosure Authoriz blic Disclosure Authori | --- | --- | |---------------------------------------------------|-------| | | | | nigeria development update \| October 2024 | | | aying the course: ogress amid pressing challenges | | | | | Nigeria Development Update October 2024 Staying the course: Progress amid pressing challenges WORLD BANK GROUP NIGERIA DEVELOPMENT UPDATE | OCTOBER 2024 © 2024 International Bank for Reconstruction ...

lic Disclosure Authori Policy Research Working Paper 10967 Can Facebook Ads Prevent Malaria? Two Field Experiments in India Dante Donati Nandan Rao Victor Orozco-Olvera Ana Maria Muñoz-Boudet WORLD BANK GROUP Development Economics Development Impact Group November 2024 A verified reproducibility package for this paper is available at http://reproducibility.worldbank.org, click here for direct access ic Disclosure Authori Policy Research Working Paper 10967 Abstract This study uses a cluster randomized contr ...

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the coastal fisheries sector in Sri Lanka. Core Insights - Sri Lanka's coastal fisheries are crucial for livelihoods, food, and nutrition, contributing approximately 1.2 percent to the GDP in 2022 and providing employment to around 586,000 people, with 54 percent directly involved in fishing [5][6][10] - Coastal fish stocks are declining, failing to meet domestic demand, which negatively impacts livelihoods [7][11] - The report emphasizes the need for integrating Social Protection and Jobs (SPJ) policies with fisheries management to support fishers during stock rebuilding efforts and enhance long-term sustainability [11][29] Summary by Sections Introduction - Coastal fisheries are vital to Sri Lanka's economy and culture, with significant contributions to nutrition and employment [5][6] - The fisheries sector's contribution to GDP and employment statistics highlight its importance [5][6] - The report identifies the challenges faced by the sector, including declining fish stocks and increased fishing efforts due to poor management [7][11] Data and Methods - The study utilized a literature review and socioeconomic survey data to analyze the SPJ policies and their adequacy in the fisheries sector [30][31] - The survey focused on households in Tissamaharama, collecting data on demographics, economic activities, and aspirations [32][34] Main Findings - Sri Lanka spends 2.5 to 3 percent of total public expenditure on social assistance, with only 30 percent of the population benefiting from such programs [34][35] - The assistance provided does not adequately reach the poorest segments of society, highlighting inefficiencies in the social protection system [34][35] - The report discusses the need for improved governance and coherence in SPJ policies to better support the fisheries sector [11][18]

olic Disclosure A RWANDA COUNTRY ECONOMIC MEMORANDUM Pathways to Sustainable and Inclusive Growth in Rwanda (Update on Future Drivers of Growth report) A joint initiative by the Government of Rwanda and the World Bank Group c Disclosure Auth sclosure Authori WORLD BANK RWANDA COUNTRY ECONOMIC MEMORANDUM Pathways to Sustainable and Inclusive Growth in Rwanda (Update to the Future Drivers of Growth report) A joint initiative by the Government of Rwanda and the World Bank Group Republic of Rwanda Table of Cont ...

lic Disclosure Authori Policy Research Working Paper 10966 Perceptions of Economic Mobility and Support for Education Reforms Alexandru Cojocaru Michael Lokshin Iván Torre WORLD BANK GROUP Europe and Central Asia Region & Poverty and Equity Global Practice November 2024 ic Disclosure Authori Policy Research Working Paper 10966 Abstract This paper investigates the relationship between the expec- tations of economic mobility and support for tax-financed education reforms using data from the Life in Transition ...

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the industry but emphasizes the critical importance of green competitiveness for Ethiopia's economy, particularly in the context of sustainability regulations and climate change impacts. Core Insights - Environmental and climate factors are increasingly shaping Ethiopia's economic competitiveness, with significant implications for key sectors such as coffee, textiles, cut flowers, and aviation [20][21][25] - The report highlights the urgency of addressing sustainability challenges, particularly in the coffee sector, while also identifying opportunities for growth through renewable energy and vertical integration in value chains [25][30][32] Summary by Sections 1. Assessing Green Competitiveness in Ethiopia - The report provides a high-level assessment of how climate change and environmental degradation impact Ethiopia's economic competitiveness, particularly in critical sectors [20][21] - It notes that Ethiopia has lost economic momentum due to various crises, including the suspension of duty-free access to the U.S. market [20] 2. Supply-Side Impacts from Climate Change - Ethiopia's economy is highly vulnerable to climate change, with projected cumulative economic losses expected to rise significantly by 2030 [22][26] - The report discusses direct impacts on agriculture and indirect effects on production, such as supply chain disruptions and hydropower generation [22][26] 3. Demand for Sustainability - A growing number of sustainability requirements in key export markets are reshaping market access conditions for Ethiopian firms [22][23] - The report emphasizes the need for Ethiopian firms to strengthen links with international buyers to comply with sustainability regulations [22][23] 4. Sectoral Analysis - **Coffee**: The coffee sector faces significant climate risks and regulatory pressures, particularly from the EU Deforestation Regulation, which could jeopardize over 10% of Ethiopia's export revenues [28][29] - **Textiles and Apparel**: The sector is under pressure to improve sustainability practices, with a focus on reducing environmental impacts and enhancing local value addition [30][31] - **Cut Flowers**: The cut flower industry benefits from favorable climatic conditions but faces sustainability challenges related to waste management and transportation [31] - **Aviation**: Ethiopian Airlines contributes significantly to the GDP but must navigate the challenges of decarbonization and regulatory compliance in the aviation sector [32] 5. Conclusion and Policy Recommendations - The report recommends establishing a coordinating mechanism to track and analyze compliance with sustainability regulations, enhancing Ethiopia's national quality infrastructure, and promoting private sector adoption of standards [33][34][35]

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the mining industry in developing countries, but it emphasizes the need for improved governance and reduced political risk to enhance investment attractiveness. Core Insights - The report highlights the significant impact of political risk on mining investment decisions, project sizes, and the volume of ore mined, particularly for green minerals essential for energy transition [5][51] - It advocates for a progressive profit tax on mining revenues as an optimal approach to tax extraction, which would generate government revenues while minimally deterring investment [5][13] - The analysis indicates that low-quality governance and institutions in developing countries hinder the exploration and exploitation of critical minerals like copper, leading to suboptimal global production and lost revenues for host countries [5][11] Summary by Sections Introduction - The report discusses the economics of mining projects and the importance of capturing resource rents through taxation by host nations, particularly focusing on green minerals critical for energy transformation [5][6] Section 1: Dispelling Resource Rent Myths - It clarifies that resource rents can be difficult to measure and that taxation should focus on stable profits rather than unmeasurable resource rents [15][26] - The report argues against taxing resource rents on an ex-ante or ex-post basis, suggesting that stable, modest profits taxes are more effective [13][24] Section 2: Resource Rent and Surplus at Mining Projects - A theoretical model is presented to compute resource rents and analyze the impact of political risk on mining project investment and operational decisions [56][57] - The report emphasizes that the computation of rent depends on whether the capital employed is reversible or irreversible, affecting investment decisions [57] Political Risk and Investment - The report identifies that political risk is a significant factor influencing investment decisions, with projects in politically risky countries requiring higher returns to justify investment [7][9] - It suggests that reducing political risk through improved governance and infrastructure can unlock exploration and increase production from identified mineral deposits [5][12] Future Demand for Green Minerals - The report anticipates a substantial increase in demand for critical energy-transition metals by 2030, which could lead to higher prices and increased mining activity in developing countries [51][52] - However, it cautions that current global policies for decarbonization are lacking, which may hinder the anticipated growth in mining rents [53][54]

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