近期，随着气温逐渐降低，流行性感冒（以下简称"流感"）的活跃度开始上升。与此同时，和流感 相关的流言也在网络上出现，影响公众的预防行为和就医决策。为此，科技日报记者采访相关专家，科 学分析热传流言，助力公众理性应对。 吃奥司他韦能预防流感？ 可致耐药病毒大量繁殖 近期，部分网友称，长期服用抗病毒药物——奥司他韦可以预防流感。对此，天津大学泰达医院呼 吸科主任医师许建新表达了明确的反对意见。 流感是一种由流感病毒引起的急性呼吸道传染病。"奥司他韦是一种神经氨酸酶抑制剂，其作用机 理是阻止成熟的流感病毒从被感染的细胞中'破壁而出'，进而抑制病毒在体内的复制与散播。"许建新 说，该药适应症有严格界定，公众绝不可随意服用。 许建新详细说明了奥司他韦的正确用法。若用于治疗，该药适用于感染甲型、乙型流感的成人及1 岁以上儿童，且用药存在严格的"时间窗口"——必须在流感症状出现后的48小时内服用，才能最大程度 缩短病程、减轻症状；若超过48小时，病毒复制已基本完成，用药效果会大打折扣。 如果用于暴露后预防，奥司他韦的使用条件更为严苛：仅适用于未接种流感疫苗，或接种后尚未产 生足够保护力（通常为接种后2周内）的流感重症高危人 ...

Merck & Co (NYSE:MRK) M&A Announcement November 17, 2025 08:00 AM ET Company ParticipantsJames Shin - Director of Biopharma Equity ResearchDaina Graybosh - Senior Managing DirectorGeoff Meacham - Managing DirectorChris Schott - Managing DirectorDean Li - President of Merck Research LaboratoriesRob Davis - CEOCaroline Litchfield - CFOAlex Hammond - Director and Head of TherapeuticsPeter Dannenbaum - Senior VP of Investor RelationsVamil Divan - Managing DirectorChirfi Guindo - CMOConference Call ParticipantsC ...

Summary of Cidara Therapeutics FY Conference Call Company Overview - Cidara Therapeutics is an 11-year-old biotechnology company focused on developing a universal influenza preventative, CD388, based on its Cloudbreak platform [4][5][6] Core Points and Arguments - **Clinical Development**: CD388 has progressed through preclinical testing and multiple clinical phases, with a successful phase 2b study demonstrating a 76.1% efficacy rate against influenza [7][10] - **FDA Interaction**: The FDA has recommended expanding the phase 3 trial to include high-risk populations, specifically those over 65 years old, in addition to immunocompromised individuals [10][12] - **Phase 3 Study Design**: The ongoing phase 3 study involves 6,000 participants testing the 450 mg dose of CD388 versus placebo, with an interim analysis expected by March 2026 [12][13] - **Efficacy Expectations**: The study is designed to be 90% powered to detect a 60% efficacy rate, with the potential for stronger results if the flu season is severe [12][13] - **Real-World Testing**: The phase 3 study allows for vaccination among participants to assess CD388's effectiveness in both vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals [19][20] Market Opportunity - **Target Population**: Cidara estimates over 100 million patients could be eligible for CD388, including 50 million with moderate to severe comorbidities and another 100 million at increased risk according to CDC guidelines [25][26] - **Pricing and Access**: Ongoing market research is being conducted to understand pricing and access opportunities, with updates expected at the upcoming analyst day [26][27] Manufacturing and Supply Chain - **Manufacturing Plans**: Cidara is preparing to have millions of doses ready at launch, with a focus on establishing a domestic supply chain through a contract with BARDA for onshore manufacturing [29][33] Additional Insights - **Safety and Efficacy**: CD388 is characterized as a long-acting antiviral, distinct from vaccines, and is expected to maintain efficacy throughout the flu season [7][20] - **Regulatory Support**: The FDA has indicated that the phase 2b study could support the registration package, enhancing the potential for a broad label upon approval [23] This summary encapsulates the key points discussed during the Cidara Therapeutics FY Conference Call, highlighting the company's strategic direction, clinical advancements, market potential, and operational plans.

Core Points - The article emphasizes the importance of flu prevention and health, particularly on World Flu Day, highlighting that flu is not just a common cold but a serious illness that can threaten vulnerable populations such as the elderly and children [1] Group 1: Flu Characteristics and Risks - Flu is highly contagious and can lead to severe complications like pneumonia and myocarditis, unlike the common cold which has milder symptoms [5][9] - Vulnerable groups, including children under 5, seniors over 65, individuals with underlying health conditions, and pregnant women, are at higher risk for severe complications from the flu [9] Group 2: Current Flu Situation - The dominant flu strain currently is the H3N2 subtype, with over 90% of positive samples in both southern and northern provinces being this strain [11] - There has been a shift in the dominant flu strain in Shanghai from H1N1 in the first half of the year to H3N2 in the latter half, with typical symptoms including fever, sore throat, and body aches [13]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the articles highlights the early onset of the flu season in China, with the H3N2 subtype being the dominant strain, accounting for 95% of the circulating flu viruses [1][2] - The flu activity is currently on the rise, particularly in southern provinces like Guangdong and Hainan, where the positive detection rate for flu viruses is 10%, compared to 6% in northern provinces [1] - Experts confirm that the current H3N2 strain is not a new subtype, and existing vaccines are effective against it, with a higher match rate than in previous years [2] Group 2 - Symptoms of different flu virus subtypes, such as H1N1 and H3N2, are generally similar, including high fever, muscle aches, and respiratory issues, although H1N1 may present more severe symptoms in younger and obese individuals [4][7] - Antiviral treatments like Oseltamivir and Marboxil are crucial for flu management, and it is important to avoid antibiotic misuse as flu is caused by a virus [5][6] - There is a misconception that flu vaccines can cause virus mutations; however, experts clarify that vaccines do not induce mutations and are beneficial in reducing infection risk [10]

Core Points - Guangdong province has entered the high incidence period for influenza, with the flu virus becoming active as temperatures drop, primarily featuring the H3N2 subtype [1] - The provincial health authorities are urging high-risk groups to get vaccinated early to prevent severe cases [2] Group 1: Vaccination Recommendations - Vaccination is the most effective method to prevent influenza and reduce severe cases, with recommendations for all individuals aged 6 months and older without contraindications to get vaccinated [2] - Key populations for vaccination include healthcare workers, individuals aged 60 and above, those with chronic diseases, residents of long-term care facilities, pregnant women, and caregivers of young children [2][3] Group 2: Vaccine Types and Availability - Various vaccine options are available, including trivalent and quadrivalent vaccines, with the latter covering an additional B/Yamagata strain [2] - Inactivated vaccines are safe for individuals aged 6 months and older, while live attenuated vaccines are suitable for ages 3-17, but not for pregnant women or immunocompromised individuals [3] - All types of influenza vaccines are reported to be safe and effective, with sufficient supply available across Guangdong, particularly in Guangzhou and Shenzhen [3] Group 3: Public Health Initiatives - Shenzhen is implementing a free vaccination policy for individuals aged 60 and above and for school-aged children, with the program currently being executed smoothly [3]

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the rising trend of influenza cases in southern China, particularly in Guangdong Province, with a recommendation for increased vaccination and preventive measures as the flu season approaches [3][4]. Group 1: Current Situation of Influenza - Guangdong Province is currently experiencing an influenza outbreak, primarily caused by the H3N2 strain, with a noted risk of outbreaks in densely populated areas [3]. - Monitoring data from the China CDC indicates that while northern provinces show low levels of flu activity, southern provinces are seeing an increase [3]. - Clinical observations report a significant rise in flu patients, with symptoms including fever, sore throat, headache, body aches, and fatigue [3]. Group 2: Vaccination Recommendations - The chief expert from Guangdong's CDC recommends flu vaccination as the most effective preventive measure against influenza and its complications, urging all individuals aged six months and older to get vaccinated unless contraindicated [4]. - High-risk groups, including children under five, the elderly, and individuals with chronic diseases, should be prioritized for vaccination [4]. - Vaccination should ideally be completed before the flu season begins, as protective antibodies typically develop 2 to 4 weeks post-vaccination [4]. Group 3: Types of Influenza Vaccines - Influenza vaccines are categorized into trivalent and quadrivalent types, with quadrivalent vaccines providing coverage for an additional strain of B influenza [5]. - Vaccines are further divided into inactivated and live attenuated types, with inactivated vaccines containing "killed" viruses and live attenuated vaccines containing weakened viruses [5]. - The majority of inactivated vaccines on the market are split vaccines, which are produced by breaking down the virus, while subunit vaccines involve further purification of the antigens [5]. Group 4: Safety and Administration of Vaccines - Both split and subunit vaccines are considered safe and effective, with the main differences lying in production methods, costs, and age suitability [5]. - For live attenuated vaccines administered via nasal spray, specific populations are advised against vaccination, including those with compromised immune systems and certain medical histories [6][7].

Core Insights - The flu season is currently active in Guangdong Province, primarily driven by the H3N2 strain, with a noted increase in flu cases in outpatient departments [1][2] - The flu peak season in southern regions has arrived earlier this year, indicating a potential increase in flu intensity, necessitating early preventive measures [1][2] Vaccine Recommendations - Vaccination is the most effective method for preventing flu and its complications, recommended for all individuals aged six months and older, especially high-risk groups [2] - High-risk groups include children under five, the elderly, and individuals with chronic conditions such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes [2] Vaccine Types and Administration - Various flu vaccines are approved in China, including trivalent inactivated vaccines, quadrivalent inactivated vaccines, and trivalent live attenuated vaccines [2][3] - The main difference between inactivated and live attenuated vaccines lies in their production methods and administration routes, with inactivated vaccines administered via intramuscular injection and live attenuated vaccines via nasal spray [2][3] Vaccine Safety and Efficacy - Both inactivated and live attenuated vaccines are considered safe and effective, with no significant differences in protective efficacy [3] - The majority of inactivated vaccines on the market are split vaccines, which are produced using a mature technology [3] Contraindications for Live Attenuated Vaccines - Specific populations are advised against receiving live attenuated vaccines, including immunocompromised individuals, children on aspirin therapy, and pregnant women [4][5]

Core Insights - The flu season in China is being monitored, with varying levels of activity reported in northern and southern provinces, indicating a potential increase in flu cases compared to previous years [2][3] Summary by Sections Flu Activity Monitoring - As of the 42nd week of 2025, flu activity in northern provinces is at a low level, while southern provinces are experiencing an increase, with a total of 49 reported flu-like illness (ILI) outbreaks nationwide [2] - In southern provinces, the ILI percentage reported by sentinel hospitals is 3.8%, which is lower than the previous week (4.1%) but higher than the same period in 2022 (3.2%) and 2024 (3.3%), yet lower than 2023 (5.3%) [2] - Northern provinces reported an ILI percentage of 2.7%, lower than the previous week (2.9%) and below the levels of 2022 (2.8%), 2023 (3.6%), and 2024 (3.4%) [2] - From weeks 14 to 42 of 2025, southern provinces reported 99 ILI outbreaks, which is lower than the 108 outbreaks reported in the same period of 2024, while northern provinces reported 42 outbreaks, higher than the 23 outbreaks in 2024 [2] Vaccination and Prevention - Medical experts suggest that flu cases are currently high, but it remains to be seen if they exceed previous years, and they recommend early vaccination against the flu [3] - Due to the flu virus's tendency to mutate, immunity from flu vaccines diminishes over time, necessitating annual vaccinations [3] - Vaccination is highlighted as the most effective and economical method to prevent flu, significantly reducing the risk of severe complications such as pneumonia and respiratory failure, especially in vulnerable populations like the elderly and children [3] - Additional preventive measures include maintaining a balanced diet, regular exercise, hand hygiene, proper mask-wearing, indoor ventilation, and avoiding crowded places [3]

Core Insights - The recent flu activity in southern China is on the rise, with a notable increase in diagnosed flu cases reported by healthcare professionals [1] - The predominant flu strain this year is H3N2, which differs from last year's H1N1 strain, leading to concerns about vaccine effectiveness [2][3] - Vaccination is emphasized as the most effective preventive measure against flu, with a preference for quadrivalent vaccines over trivalent ones due to better efficacy against circulating strains [4] Group 1: Flu Activity and Symptoms - Flu activity has increased in southern provinces of China, with healthcare professionals observing more patients diagnosed with flu [1] - The main strain circulating this year is H3N2, which has a higher mutation rate compared to H1N1, complicating vaccine matching [3] - Flu symptoms are more severe than those of a common cold, including high fever, severe headaches, and muscle aches, with significant fatigue [2] Group 2: Vaccine Information - There are three types of flu vaccines approved in China: trivalent inactivated, quadrivalent inactivated, and trivalent live attenuated vaccines [4] - Quadrivalent vaccines provide better protection against this year's circulating strains, but trivalent vaccines are still beneficial if quadrivalent options are unavailable [4] - Vaccination should ideally be completed by the end of October to ensure adequate antibody protection before flu season [5]