Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the impending "drug price storm" in the U.S. as President Trump announces an executive order to implement a "Most Favored Nation" policy aimed at reducing prescription drug prices by 30% to 80%, targeting the long-standing issue of high drug prices in the U.S. [1][2] Group 1: Policy Announcement - Trump plans to sign an executive order to lower U.S. prescription drug prices, aligning them with the lowest prices in other countries like Canada and Mexico [2][3] - The policy is expected to save the U.S. billions in healthcare costs and reduce the financial burden on citizens [2][3] - This is not the first attempt to address drug prices; a previous "Most Favored Nation" policy was halted by a federal court due to pharmaceutical industry pushback [2][3] Group 2: Current Drug Pricing Landscape - U.S. drug prices are significantly higher than those in other developed countries, with brand-name drugs costing an average of 4.22 times more than in other nations [4][5] - The average price of all drugs in the U.S. is 2.78 times that of 33 other OECD countries [4] - High drug prices are attributed to a lack of government regulation and the ability of pharmaceutical companies to set their own prices [4][5] Group 3: Industry Response - The pharmaceutical industry, represented by the PhRMA, opposes the government's pricing intervention, arguing it would harm patients and increase costs [7] - Industry estimates suggest that the "Most Favored Nation" policy could lead to over $1 trillion in losses for the pharmaceutical sector over the next decade [7] - Trump has criticized the pharmaceutical industry for shifting the burden of research and development costs onto American consumers [7]

2025.05. 12 本文字数：2035，阅读时长大约4分钟 作者 | 第一财经 程程 当地时间5月11日，美国总统特朗普表示，他将于当地时间12日签署行政令，让美国的处方药和医药 产品价格几乎立即降低30%至80%。同时，他称，美国将实施"最惠国"政策，"即美国支付的价格将 与世界上支付价格最低的国家相同"。 对于拟议的行政令，行业协会美国药物研究与制造商协会（PhRMA）回应称："任何形式的政府定价 都对美国患者不利。为了降低美国人的药品成本，我们应该解决药品成本中流向中间商的份额不断增 加的问题。"该组织曾在特朗普第一个总统任期中起诉联邦政府试图限制药品价格。 截至目前，特朗普并没有说明该政策的潜在限制，例如该政策是否仅适用于医疗保险或医疗补助等政 府项目，是否仅限于某些药物或药物类别，或者白宫是否有办法更广泛地应用该政策。 美国药房福利管理机构（PBM）负责管理与健康保险公司和药房协商价格，参与决定哪些药品可以 报销以及患者需支付多少费用。然而该机构的激励措施与药品总支出相关，这可能会鼓励高价药品的 审批，最终导致患者支付更高的医疗费用。目前已有一系列立法旨在限制PBM权限及透明度。 制药公司一直以 ...

Core Viewpoint - President Trump announced plans to sign an executive order on May 12 to reduce prescription drug prices in the U.S. by 30% to 80%, implementing a "most favored nation" policy that aligns U.S. prices with the lowest prices paid in other countries [1] Group 1: Drug Pricing Context - A report from RAND Healthcare indicated that in 2022, the average price of all drugs in the U.S. was 2.78 times higher than in 33 other OECD countries, with brand-name drugs being 4.22 times higher even after rebates [3] - Non-brand generic drugs, which account for 90% of U.S. prescriptions, were priced at about 67% of the average price in other countries [3] Group 2: Factors Behind High Drug Prices - Unlike most developed countries, the U.S. government does not impose price controls on drugs, allowing pharmaceutical companies to set their own prices [4] - The introduction of the Inflation Reduction Act allowed for limited government negotiation on drug prices, covering only 10 drugs, and the impact of this policy has yet to be realized [4] - Pharmacy Benefit Managers (PBMs) play a role in negotiating prices but may incentivize higher drug prices due to their compensation structure [4] Group 3: Criticism of Pharmaceutical Companies - Pharmaceutical companies claim that high U.S. drug prices reflect R&D costs, but this assertion has been challenged, with evidence suggesting that many drugs are developed with government funding [5] - A study indicated that from 2010 to 2019, 354 out of 356 drugs approved by the FDA were funded by the National Institutes of Health [5] - Major pharmaceutical companies have spent more on stock buybacks and dividends than on R&D, with advertising costs also contributing to rising drug prices [5] Group 4: Impact on Consumers - High drug prices have led to over 9 million adults in the U.S. skipping doses or delaying refills in 2021 due to cost concerns [6] - Brand-name drugs are often the first to be discontinued by patients due to their high costs and insurance authorization requirements [6] Group 5: Political and Legislative Landscape - The proposal to link U.S. drug prices to those in other developed countries has garnered bipartisan support and is seen as a significant cost-reduction measure [7] - Trump's previous attempts to lower drug prices faced resistance from the pharmaceutical industry and legal challenges, but he remains committed to this agenda in his second term [7]

Group 1 - The core point of the news is that President Trump plans to sign an executive order aimed at reducing prescription drug costs in the U.S., ensuring that Americans pay no more than the lowest prices in other countries, potentially leading to a price drop of 30% to 80% [1][2] - The policy is referred to as the "most favored nation policy," which aims to align U.S. drug prices with those of the lowest-paying countries, significantly lowering healthcare costs [1][2] - Following the announcement, stock prices of Asian pharmaceutical companies fell, with notable declines such as a 7.2% drop for Chugai Pharmaceutical in Japan and over 3% declines for several South Korean firms [1] Group 2 - The U.S. currently has the highest drug prices globally, which has driven innovation and growth in the pharmaceutical industry; however, reforming this system may significantly reduce revenues and hinder the development of breakthrough therapies [2] - The executive order lacks detailed operational guidelines, including whether it will apply only to government programs like Medicare or to specific drugs, raising questions about its implementation [2][3] - During Trump's first term, a pilot program was proposed to align Medicare drug prices with those in lower-cost countries, but it was blocked in federal court due to procedural issues, and the Biden administration did not appeal the ruling [3]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the news is that President Trump plans to sign an executive order to enforce a global minimum drug price in the U.S. to lower prescription drug costs [1] - Trump claims that U.S. citizens pay significantly higher prices for prescription drugs compared to other countries, sometimes five to ten times more for the same medication [1] - The implementation of the "most favored nation" policy is expected to align U.S. drug prices with those of countries with the lowest prices, potentially reducing U.S. drug costs by 30% to 80% [1] Group 2 - The Biden administration has initiated price negotiations for high-cost drugs used in Medicare under the Inflation Reduction Act, with plans to expand the scope annually [2] - Trump's previous attempts to implement a pricing plan for prescription drugs were halted by federal courts due to lawsuits from pharmaceutical companies, which claimed improper rule-making procedures [2] - The Biden administration shifted focus to legislative efforts, resulting in the passage of the Inflation Reduction Act after Trump's plan was blocked [2]