新华社北京2月4日电 题：从"适配度"看科学精准的发展思维 新华社记者 严赋憬 "现代化基础设施是现代化产业体系的有机组成部分。'十五五'刚刚开局，大家都在谋划推进，要注 意算投入产出账，提高适配度，既不能无视短板，也不能过于超前、造成浪费。" 谋划一省一域之发展，习近平总书记同样强调这一点。比如，在谈及海南发展定位时，指出"今后要 在全国大局中找准定位，增强适配性，尤其要考虑生态保护、绿色发展的大前提""一定要在国家对海南 的定位中统筹谋划，努力做到'刚刚好'"。 从本质上看，"适配"追求的是供需的动态平衡、资源的精准配置以及发展与环境的协调共生，是在 多重约束条件下寻得最优解。 讲求"适配度"，意味着张弛有度、不急不缓，既不过分用力导致"虚火"，也不迟疑观望错失良机。这 背后，蕴含着对客观规律的敬畏与遵循。 规律体现在方方面面，可以是经济工作的原则："在把握好度的前提下有所作为，恰到好处，把握好 平衡，把握好时机，把握好度"；可以是教育人才的规律："要完善人才培养与经济社会发展需要适配机 制，提高人才自主培养质效"；也可以是民生保障的要求："既尽力而为、又量力而行，把提高社会保障 水平建立在经济和财力可持 ...

"现代化基础设施是现代化产业体系的有机组成部分。'十五五'刚刚开局，大家都在谋划推进，要注意算投入产出账，提高适 配度，既不能无视短板，也不能过于超前、造成浪费。" 谋划长期性战略任务，都离不开辩证分析，在过犹不及和矫枉过正之间，往往就在一个"度"上，讲究的是科学而精准。这也 是新时代以来，习近平总书记反复强调"坚持稳中求进工作总基调"这一治国理政重要原则的深远考量。 近日，在省部级主要领导干部学习贯彻党的二十届四中全会精神专题研讨班开班式上，习近平总书记以"适配度"为现代化基 础设施建设指引方向。"适配"，也是总书记为我们指明的一种科学的思维方法。 "适配"在经济学中是一个常用术语。在阐发坚持扩大内需时，习近平总书记反复强调"提升供给体系对国内需求的适配性"；针 对纵深推进全国统一大市场建设，总书记明确要求"统一要素资源市场，促进自由流动、高效配置，减少资源错配和闲置浪 费"；对于持续深化供给侧结构性改革，总书记指出"有进有退、有保有压，增强供给与需求的适配性、平衡性"。 谋划一省一域之发展，习近平总书记同样强调这一点。比如，在谈及海南发展定位时，指出"今后要在全国大局中找准定位， 增强适配性，尤其要考虑生 ...

贫困是人类社会的顽疾，是全世界面临的共同挑战。反贫困始终是古今中外治国安邦的一件大事。2025 年是脱贫攻坚任务完成后5年过渡期的最后一年，"十五五"时期是转向常态化帮扶的新阶段。本期"对话 经济学家"邀请中国人民大学中国扶贫研究院院长汪三贵教授，从经济学视角解读中国减贫奇迹背后的 逻辑，探讨巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接的路径，以及中国减贫理论和实践的世界意义。 实施精准扶贫方略，一把钥匙开一把锁 记者：2013年，习近平总书记在湖南湘西十八洞村首次提出"精准扶贫"。精准扶贫，被称作打赢脱贫攻 坚战的制胜法宝。首先，请您介绍和解读一下这个制胜法宝。 汪三贵：精准扶贫，是结合全面建成小康社会的底线任务为彻底解决绝对贫困问题而提出的理念和方 略，强调扶贫要更加精准，因村因户因人施策，因贫困原因施策，因贫困类型施策，帮助贫困人口摆脱 绝对贫困。 改革开放后，我国通过持续的经济社会发展和区域性扶贫开发，取得了大规模的减贫成就。但到2012年 底，仍有9899万农村贫困人口。多数在中西部偏远深度贫困地区和资源条件差的地区，贫困程度深，致 贫因素复杂。少部分零星分布在一般的农村地区，主要是老弱病残等特殊群体。如 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the significant achievement of China in eradicating absolute poverty by the end of 2020, marking a milestone in the nation's development history, and outlines the importance of consolidating these gains during the transition period leading up to 2026 [1][2][3]. Summary by Sections Historical Significance and Global Value - The eradication of absolute poverty is a milestone event in the history of the Chinese nation, with the Communist Party of China leading efforts to improve living standards and social productivity [2]. - By the end of 2012, there were still 98.99 million rural poor, representing a poverty rate of 10.2%, which was a major shortcoming in achieving the first centenary goal [2]. Achievements in Poverty Alleviation - By the end of 2020, all 98.99 million rural poor were lifted out of poverty, with 832 impoverished counties removed from the poverty list and 128,000 impoverished villages eliminated [3]. - Since the start of the 14th Five-Year Plan, over 7 million individuals have been identified for assistance to prevent a return to poverty, with more than 30 million people from impoverished backgrounds maintaining stable employment [3]. Global Comparison - China's success in poverty alleviation contrasts sharply with the global situation, where the World Bank estimates that by 2024, around 692 million people will still live in extreme poverty [4]. - China achieved its poverty reduction goals ten years ahead of the UN's 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda, providing a model for global poverty alleviation efforts [4]. Practical Experience and Theoretical Framework - The success in poverty alleviation has led to the development of a unique Chinese theory on poverty reduction, which emphasizes narrowing urban-rural and regional development gaps [5]. - The approach includes a phased and targeted strategy, adapting to economic and social development patterns [6]. Investment Strategies - The strategy combines investments in infrastructure and human capital, with significant financial resources allocated to poverty alleviation, including nearly 1.6 trillion yuan in special funds [7]. - During the transition period, continued financial support and investment in education and health services are crucial for sustaining poverty alleviation efforts [8]. Ecological and Regional Development - The strategy also focuses on leveraging ecological resources in impoverished areas, promoting sustainable development through ecological compensation and resource utilization [9]. - The relocation of impoverished populations to more viable areas has been a key measure, with over 3.5 million people relocated to improve living conditions [10]. Future Directions for Agricultural Modernization - The article outlines the need for ongoing support for rural revitalization and agricultural modernization, emphasizing the importance of integrating poverty alleviation into broader rural development strategies [11][12]. - Continuous monitoring and targeted assistance are essential to prevent a return to poverty and ensure that previously impoverished areas keep pace with national development [13]. Enhancing Agricultural and Rural Development - The goal is to transform agriculture into a modern industry, improve rural living conditions, and ensure farmers' income stability, with a target to reduce the urban-rural income ratio to 2.34:1 by 2024 [14].

迈入"十五五"，中国式现代化接续推进，不仅为全球发展贡献动能和机遇，也拓展了世界现代化的 发展空间。 消除贫困、绿色转型等领域的深刻变革，提供了观察切入口。在这两大关乎人类未来的重要领 域，"今天的中国，明天的世界"日益成为广受关注的现象。从思想启示、经验分享到合作引领，"中国 可以成功，其他发展中国家同样可以成功"的信心不断传递，中国发展赋能全球的效应日益显现。 思考"今天的中国，明天的世界"缘何出现，为读懂中国之治、读懂中国式现代化的世界意义打开了 一扇窗。 （一）思想之光：点亮前行明灯 现代化是各国的共同追求。中国式现代化为解决现代化进程中各国面临的共性难题，提供了新思 路、新范式。 先看减贫领域。 贫困是千年顽疾，在全世界消除一切形式的贫困是联合国2030年可持续发展议程的首要目标。在现 代化视野下，减贫不仅需要经济发展，更要将发展成果转化为全民福祉，处理好发展与公平的关系。环 顾全球，现在全球仍有7亿多人面临饥饿威胁，超过8亿人处在绝对贫困状态。许多发展中国家发展基础 薄弱，仍在苦苦探索有效减贫路径。即使在发达国家，贫富分化日益严重，贫困问题也在加剧。 中国如何破题？ "我先后在中国的村、县、市、省 ...

Core Viewpoint - China's modernization is contributing to global development and expanding the space for modernization worldwide, particularly in poverty alleviation and green transformation [1][2]. Group 1: Poverty Alleviation - The eradication of poverty is a primary goal of the UN's 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda, with over 700 million people globally facing hunger and more than 800 million in absolute poverty [3]. - China's approach to poverty alleviation has evolved from theoretical discussions to practical implementations, achieving the largest poverty reduction in history by lifting nearly 100 million people out of poverty in eight years [4]. - The concept of "targeted poverty alleviation" has been recognized globally, with countries like Thailand adopting China's strategies to achieve effective poverty reduction [10]. Group 2: Green Transformation - Balancing development and environmental protection is a significant challenge in modernization, with traditional paths often leading to pollution before remediation [5][6]. - China's innovative approach emphasizes that ecological protection is integral to productivity, promoting high-quality development alongside environmental sustainability [6][7]. - The global community is increasingly looking to China's experiences in green technology and sustainable practices, with many countries studying specific Chinese initiatives in ecological management and renewable energy [12][11]. Group 3: Global Perspective on China - The international perception of China is shifting from skepticism to recognition of its successful development model, with a growing consensus that distancing from China limits global progress [8][9]. - China's experiences in poverty alleviation and green transformation are being shared as valuable lessons for other developing countries, demonstrating that poverty is not an inevitable fate [10][11]. Group 4: Collaborative Modernization - China's modernization is characterized as "open-source," aiming for mutual benefits and shared opportunities with other developing nations [14][15]. - Practical cooperation projects, such as microgrid initiatives and water supply solutions, illustrate China's commitment to global development and its role as a leader in sustainable practices [15][16]. - The upcoming "15th Five-Year Plan" aims to enhance China's contributions to global development, focusing on high-quality growth and international cooperation [15][16].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the articles highlights the transformation of Shibadong Village in Hunan's Xiangxi region from a deeply impoverished area to a model for rural revitalization and a "Best Tourism Village" globally, showcasing the success of China's targeted poverty alleviation strategy [1][2][3] - Targeted poverty alleviation is emphasized as a key strategy for China's fight against poverty, providing a new methodology and replicable practices for global poverty reduction efforts [1][2] - The governance model in Shibadong Village combines external assistance with internal motivation, creating a sustainable mechanism for poverty alleviation and preventing regression [2] Group 2 - The unique spirit and values cultivated during the targeted poverty alleviation process are seen as essential for consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation and advancing comprehensive rural revitalization [2][3] - The establishment of a systematic implementation mechanism for poverty alleviation reflects the political commitment to not leaving any impoverished region or individual behind, demonstrating the governance capabilities of the party [3] - The narrative of Shibadong Village serves as a reference for other regions and countries in their fight against poverty, contributing to the global discourse on poverty eradication and sustainable development [3]

Core Insights - The transformation of Shibadong Village in Hunan's Xiangxi region exemplifies the success of China's targeted poverty alleviation strategy, showcasing significant economic and social improvements [1][3] - Targeted poverty alleviation is not only a tool for economic development but also reflects the political commitment to ensure no region or individual is left behind, embodying a people-centered development philosophy [3] Group 1: Economic and Social Transformation - Shibadong Village has evolved from a deeply impoverished area to a model for rural revitalization and was recognized as one of the world's "Best Tourism Villages" [1] - The village's governance model integrates external assistance with internal motivation, creating a sustainable mechanism for poverty alleviation and preventing regression [2] Group 2: Policy and Implementation - The targeted poverty alleviation approach emphasizes tailored policies based on specific village, household, and individual needs, effectively addressing the root causes of poverty [1][2] - The establishment of a multi-level responsibility system, where "five levels of secretaries are responsible for poverty alleviation," demonstrates strong political mobilization and resource integration capabilities [2] Group 3: Future Directions - The spirit cultivated during the poverty alleviation campaign, characterized by unity, innovation, and resilience, will serve as a foundation for preventing large-scale poverty reoccurrence and advancing comprehensive rural revitalization [2] - The experience gained from Shibadong Village is being transformed into a replicable model for broader rural development, contributing to the goal of common prosperity for all [3]

8亿人背后，藏着中国式减贫密码 中新网北京1月14日电(记者 查志远)美国"斩杀线"最近火了。"没了固定住址，找不到新工作"。在美 国，从互联网精英到桥洞流浪汉可能只需要半年时间。美国政府对"斩杀线"下的人不仅不兜底，反而还 在"补刀"，拆除多个流浪汉营地。 相比之下，中国"兜底网"的制度实践——以人民为中心的民生温度，与美国"斩杀线"的冰冷形成鲜明对 比，中国始终坚守"底线原则"，以系统性制度设计织密民生保障网。 数据显示，中国改革开放以来已经实现8亿贫困人口全部脱贫，提前10年实现了《联合国2030年可持续 发展议程》减贫目标。按照世界银行国际贫困标准，中国减贫人口占同期全球减贫人口70%以上，显著 缩小了世界贫困人口的版图。 从来没有一个国家，能在如此短的时间内，让如此多的人摆脱贫困。 中国的减贫之路，并非一朝一夕之功，而是一场历时数十年、层次递进、多管齐下的系统工程。 从90年代《国家八七扶贫攻坚计划》启动，进入有计划、有组织、大规模开发式扶贫阶段，到党的十八 大以来，精准扶贫精准脱贫基本方略确立，产业扶贫、易地搬迁、生态补偿、教育扶贫、社会保障兜 底……再到如今巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接 ...

Core Insights - The transformation of Shibadong Village is a significant example of China's poverty alleviation efforts, showcasing the successful implementation of targeted poverty alleviation strategies initiated by President Xi Jinping in 2013 [4][5][18] - The village has evolved from a deeply impoverished area to a renowned tourist destination, with a focus on sustainable development through various industries, including tourism and traditional crafts like Miao embroidery [6][9][12] Economic Development - Shibadong Village has seen a dramatic increase in per capita income, rising to 28,223 yuan in 2024, which is over 16 times the income in 2013 [5] - The village's collective economic income reached 6.227 million yuan in 2024, up from nearly zero in 2013, indicating successful economic diversification and growth [13][15] - The introduction of social capital and tourism has led to significant economic benefits, with tourism revenue reaching 21.988 million yuan in 2024 [11] Industry and Employment - The village has developed various industries, including red tourism, Miao embroidery, and honey production, contributing to local employment and economic stability [12][19] - The Miao embroidery initiative has allowed local women to earn between 1,200 to 3,000 yuan monthly, enabling them to work from home and support their families [12] - The establishment of a water factory has provided additional employment opportunities and generated substantial income for the village, with cumulative dividends reaching 4.4 million yuan by 2024 [34][35] Community and Cultural Impact - The community has embraced cultural events and traditions, fostering a sense of pride and identity among villagers, which is reflected in their expressions of gratitude towards leadership [7][22] - Education initiatives have improved significantly, with new facilities and support systems in place, enhancing the quality of education for local children [31][33] - The village's transformation has inspired a new generation of young people to return and contribute to their community, further driving local development [22][24] Infrastructure Development - Infrastructure improvements, such as road construction and the establishment of the Aizhai Bridge, have facilitated access and connectivity, crucial for economic growth [28][29] - The development of a comprehensive transportation network has significantly reduced travel time and improved the overall quality of life for residents [28] Future Prospects - The village is positioned to continue its growth trajectory through collaborative efforts with surrounding villages, aiming for regional development and sustainability [27][36] - Ongoing projects and initiatives are expected to further enhance the economic landscape, ensuring that the benefits of development are shared among all community members [36]