（ 记者注： " 大存小贷 " 是指存款限定下限、贷款限定上限的经营模式， " 小存小贷 " 模式是指限定存贷 款上限的经营模式。） 尹艳林在书中指出，从目前的改革趋势看，农村中小金融机构正在逐渐由小变大、由乡转城，机构在减 少，层级在提高，对于加强管理、控制风险是必要的。但如果离农村越远、为乡村提供金融服务可能就 难。从长远讲，未来还是要给予农村信用社、村镇银行等农村金融机构更多差异化的政策支持，完善内 部治理，提升经营能力和抗风险能力。 尹艳林还称，从改革方向看，要完善我国的金融体系，需要建立满足大小不一、适应多样化市场主体金 融服务需要的银行体系，改变目前"大银行服务小企业"的金融结构，提升金融的稳健性。同时，中小银 行要坚守定位，服务于社区、服务于地方。近年来，我们的中小银行之所以出现这样那样的风险、问 题，除风险控制能力较弱、有的历史包袱比较重外，还因为脱离了社区、乡村、地方，内部治理失效， 大而不当，没有真正成为服务社区、服务当地的银行。 尹艳林强调，从构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制、建设金融强国的角度出发，中小银行还是要在改革 中促进发展。当前，强调改革化险是必要的，但要适时加快从化险转向改革发 ...

Core Viewpoint - Wuhan Rural Commercial Bank has received approval to acquire and control Hainan Tunchang Changjiang Village Bank, but shortly after, it announced the transfer of its 91% stake in the same bank, reflecting a trend of rapid consolidation in the village banking sector [1][8]. Group 1: Acquisition and Control - On August 6, Wuhan Rural Commercial Bank was approved to acquire 3.64 million shares of Hainan Tunchang Changjiang Village Bank, resulting in a 91% ownership stake [3]. - The acquisition is part of a broader strategy, as Wuhan Rural Commercial Bank has been actively increasing its stakes in various village banks, having received regulatory approval for 11 such acquisitions in the past year [4][12]. Group 2: Rapid Divestment - On August 14, just eight days after gaining control, Wuhan Rural Commercial Bank listed its stakes in three village banks for sale, including the 91% stake in Hainan Tunchang Changjiang Village Bank, with a transfer price of approximately 796.44 million yuan [8][9]. - The three banks listed for sale have been experiencing significant losses, with combined losses nearing 36 million yuan and revenues failing to exceed 10 million yuan [10][12]. Group 3: Industry Trends - The actions of Wuhan Rural Commercial Bank are indicative of a larger trend in the village banking sector, where consolidation and restructuring are accelerating as part of ongoing reforms aimed at mitigating financial risks [12][16]. - The number of village banks in China has decreased from 1,538 at the end of 2024 to 1,460 by mid-2025, highlighting a trend of exits from the market [16].

Group 1: Core Views - The banking industry has actively supported the real economy, reducing financing costs while enhancing service quality [2][4] - A series of policies have been implemented to promote the development of the private economy, with significant increases in loans to private enterprises [3] - The real estate sector is gradually recovering, supported by financial policies aimed at stabilizing financing for real estate companies [5][6] Group 2: Banking Support for the Real Economy - As of September 2023, the balance of loans to small and micro enterprises reached 69.2 trillion yuan, with a significant increase in inclusive loans [2] - The banking sector has seen a year-on-year increase of 17% in corporate medium- and long-term loans and 21.8% in corporate credit loans [2] - The People's Bank of China reported an increase of 21.58 trillion yuan in RMB loans in the first 11 months of 2023, with a year-on-year growth of 10.7% in loans to the real economy [3] Group 3: Real Estate Financing - Financial policies have been optimized since November 2022 to support the healthy development of the real estate market, including the extension of certain policies until December 2024 [5][6] - Major banks have provided over 30 billion yuan in real estate development loans to non-state-owned enterprises since November [6][7] - The banking sector is expected to increase credit support for real estate companies, particularly private ones, in the near future [7] Group 4: Mortgage Rate Adjustments - The policy to lower existing mortgage rates was implemented in September 2023, benefiting over 50 million households and reducing annual interest expenses by 160 to 170 billion yuan [9] - The reduction in mortgage rates is expected to alleviate repayment pressure on residents and stimulate consumption [9] Group 5: Net Interest Margin Trends - The net interest margin of commercial banks has been under pressure, with a slight decline to 1.73% in the first three quarters of 2023 [11] - Banks are adjusting deposit rates to mitigate the impact of narrowing net interest margins [11][12] - Experts predict that while net interest margins may continue to compress in the short term, they could return to positive growth as the real economy recovers [12] Group 6: Central Huijin's Investment - Central Huijin Company increased its holdings in major state-owned banks, signaling confidence in their long-term investment value [13] - The investment by Central Huijin is expected to boost market confidence and support the valuation recovery of the banking sector [13] Group 7: Reforms in Small and Medium Banks - Reforms in small and medium-sized banks have accelerated, with measures to improve risk management and capital adequacy [14][15] - The issuance of special bonds has helped bolster the capital base of small banks, with over 200 billion yuan issued this year [15] Group 8: Rising Dividend Yields - The average dividend yield of A-share listed banks has increased to 5.51% in 2023, up from 4.88% in 2022 [16][17] - High dividend yields are attracting institutional investors, although they may indicate declining stock prices [17] Group 9: Capital Regulation Changes - The new capital management regulations effective from January 2024 aim to establish a differentiated regulatory framework for banks [18][19] - The regulations will help reduce compliance costs for smaller banks while enhancing their ability to serve the real economy [20]

Core Viewpoint - The recent downgrades of credit ratings for several small and medium-sized banks reflect their increasing credit risk and declining profitability, indicating a trend towards "reducing quantity and improving quality" in the development of these banks [2][8]. Group 1: Rating Downgrades - Four small banks, including Yuci Rural Commercial Bank, Changde Rural Commercial Bank, Pingyao Rural Commercial Bank, and Huaxi Rural Commercial Bank, have experienced credit rating downgrades in 2023 due to high asset credit risks and poor profitability [2][6]. - Yuci Rural Commercial Bank has been downgraded three times since 2021, with its credit rating falling from A+ to BB- due to persistent credit risk exposure and deteriorating financial indicators [4][3]. - As of the end of 2024, Yuci Rural Commercial Bank's non-performing loan balance increased significantly by 1.097 billion to 3.756 billion, with a non-performing loan ratio rising by 11.51 percentage points to 34.43% [4][5]. Group 2: Financial Performance - For Yuci Rural Commercial Bank, total assets were 22.643 billion in 2024, with a net profit of -206 million, and a non-performing loan rate of 34.43% [5]. - Changde Rural Commercial Bank's non-performing loan rate rose to 4.81% by the end of 2024, with a significant drop in its provision coverage ratio to 95.19%, below regulatory requirements [6]. - Pingyao Rural Commercial Bank's non-performing loan rate reached 4.55% by the end of 2024, with a capital adequacy ratio of 4.51%, both below regulatory standards [7]. Group 3: Industry Trends - The trend of "reducing quantity and improving quality" among small and medium-sized banks is driven by their weak capital strength, inadequate risk control systems, and lack of differentiated competitive strategies [8]. - In 2023, 184 small and medium-sized banks exited the market through mergers or dissolutions, a sevenfold increase compared to the same period last year [9]. - Recent regulatory reforms emphasize the need for small financial institutions to address risks through capital replenishment, mergers, and market exits, aiming for a more sustainable banking environment [8][9].

Core Viewpoint - Changshu Bank is actively pursuing the absorption and merger of three rural banks in Jiangsu Province, aiming to enhance its branch network and optimize resource allocation [2][4]. Group 1: Merger Details - The three rural banks being absorbed are Yancheng Binhai Xingfu Rural Bank, Zhenjiang Runzhou Yangtze Rural Bank, and Changzhou Zhonglou Yangtze Rural Bank, all located in Jiangsu [2]. - The merger will involve acquiring 100% of the shares of these banks, dissolving their independent legal status, and converting them into branches of Changshu Bank [2]. Group 2: Performance Metrics - As of the end of 2024, the financial metrics for the three rural banks are as follows: - Yancheng Binhai Xingfu: Total assets of 1.595 billion, total deposits of 1.376 billion, total loans of 1.405 billion, non-performing loan rate of 0.98%, and provision coverage ratio of 361.10% [3]. - Zhenjiang Runzhou Yangtze: Total assets of 787 million, total deposits of 559 million, total loans of 126 million, non-performing loan rate of 1.44%, and provision coverage ratio of 424.28% [3]. - Changzhou Zhonglou Yangtze: Total assets of 430 million, total deposits of 317 million, total loans of 284 million, non-performing loan rate of 1.77%, and provision coverage ratio of 246.63% [3]. Group 3: Changshu Bank's Overall Performance - In the first half of the year, Changshu Bank reported operating income of 6.062 billion, a year-on-year increase of 10.10%, and net profit attributable to ordinary shareholders of 1.969 billion, up 13.55% [4]. - As of June 2025, Changshu Bank's total assets reached 401.251 billion, a growth of 9.46% from the beginning of the year, with total loans of 251.471 billion (up 4.40%) and total deposits of 310.777 billion (up 8.46%) [4]. Group 4: Strategic Implications - The absorption of rural banks is seen as a new opportunity for Changshu Bank, with the chairman highlighting the high-quality development of rural banks as a growth driver [5]. - The bank aims to penetrate county markets quickly through these mergers, optimizing resource allocation and reducing management costs [5]. - The total assets of Changshu Bank's rural banks reached 62.428 billion, with a growth rate of 17.88%, and total deposits of 53.612 billion, increasing by 21.92% [5].

Core Viewpoint - Guangdong's financial regulatory authority has accelerated the absorption and merger of rural banks, with nine banks approved for mergers in 2025, surpassing the total for the previous year [1][2][5] Group 1: Mergers and Acquisitions - Jiangmen Rural Commercial Bank has been approved to absorb Longchuan Ronghe Village Bank and Raoping Ronghe Village Bank as of July 16, 2025 [1] - Shunde Rural Commercial Bank has been approved to absorb multiple banks including Foshan Nanhai Xinhua Village Bank and Dongguan Changping Xinhua Village Bank on the same date [1][2] - Guangzhou Rural Commercial Bank was approved to absorb Zhongshan Dongfeng Zhujiang Village Bank and Dongguan Huangjiang Zhujiang Village Bank on June 5, 2025 [2][3] Group 2: Regulatory Context - The acceleration of mergers aligns with the regulatory framework set in January 2025, emphasizing the need for risk management and restructuring of high-risk financial institutions [1][5] - The Guangdong financial regulatory authority aims to enhance collaboration between central and local governments to address risks in small financial institutions [1][5] Group 3: Industry Trends - The trend of mergers is indicative of a broader structural reorganization within the rural banking sector, with a significant increase in the number of banks being absorbed compared to previous years [2][6] - The concept of "village to branch" reform has gained traction, with Guangdong leading the way in implementing this model, allowing for broader service offerings and market expansion [5][6] Group 4: Future Outlook - Experts predict that the restructuring of rural banks will continue to accelerate, leading to a gradual reduction in the number of such banks [6] - There is a call for guiding policies to help rural banks refocus on their core missions and effectively support rural revitalization and small enterprises [6]

21世纪经济报道记者 吴霜 实习生王彦颖 上海报道 当前，村镇银行改革化险的"接力赛"呈现出多点开花、全面提速之势。 21世纪经济报道记者注意到，近期，贵州、新疆、四川、江苏四地几乎在同一时间段密集落地吸收合并 案例。 具体来看，7月10日，贵州银行发布公告称，该行吸收合并铜仁丰源村镇银行获国家金融监督管理总局 贵州监管局核准。公告显示，吸收合并后，原铜仁丰源村镇银行将注销法人资格，不再以铜仁丰源村镇 银行的名义对外营业及吸收公众存款。 7月9日，新疆银行发布公告，将于7月24日召开临时股东大会，审议有关该行吸收合并、增资扩股、变 更注册资本等一系列议案。据了解，此次吸收合并的对象为新疆汇和银行，此前，新疆银行还就吸收整 合汇和银行科技系统承接及配改测试服务项目进行供应商招标。 7月6日，成都农商行发布公告，称拟以改建分支机构的方式，吸收合并四川省内6家村镇银行。次日， 四川金融监管局便发布批复文件，同意成都农商行吸收合并这6家村镇银行，并承接全部债权、债务。 7月1日，常熟银行也公告了其吸收合并3家村镇银行并设立相应支行的进展。此前，常熟银行吸收合并 了江苏江宁上银村镇银行、宿迁宿城兴福村镇银行、江苏宝应锦 ...

Core Viewpoint - The approval of Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC) to acquire Chongqing Bishan Rural Bank marks the first instance of a state-owned bank participating in the "village-to-branch" reform, indicating a significant shift in the banking sector towards addressing risks in rural financial institutions [1] Group 1: Industry Implications - The involvement of large state-owned banks in the reform of rural banks reflects a proactive response to the central government's call for accelerating the resolution of high-risk small financial institutions [1] - The "village-to-branch" model is seen as a dual-value approach, benefiting both the acquired rural banks through improved governance and risk management, and the acquiring banks by enabling rapid market penetration in county-level markets [2][3] Group 2: Future Outlook - Despite the current momentum, the majority of rural banks are initiated by city commercial banks and rural commercial banks, suggesting that future cases of state-owned banks participating may be limited due to structural constraints [2] - Regulatory bodies are urged to provide clearer operational guidelines for the "village-to-branch" model and implement differentiated supervision to effectively support the agricultural sector [3] Group 3: Challenges and Recommendations - The acquisition process presents multiple challenges for the acquiring banks, including the need for effective integration of management systems and risk assessment [3] - A collaborative long-term mechanism is recommended, involving regulatory clarity on risk responsibilities and market-driven pricing strategies to facilitate smoother restructuring processes [3]

负息差、负营收、负资本充足率，三组异常数据勾勒出一家区域性银行深陷泥潭的生存图 景。 风险埋雷的起点 榆次农商行的风险暴露并非偶然，其根源可追溯至十年前"德御系"对山西金融系统的渗透。 2011年，在全国农信社改制浪潮中，晋中商人田文军控制的"德御系"关联企业——和柚实业 有限公司入股榆次农商行，并逐步成为第一大股东。借助股权控制，"德御系"编织了一张覆 盖山西近20家银行的庞大网络。 中诚信国际信用评级有限责任公司（以下简称"中诚信国际"）日前发布公告，决定将山西榆 次农商行（以下简称"榆次农商行"）主体信用等级由BB调降至BB-，将其发行的"18榆次农 商二级01"和"19榆次农商二级"的债项信用等级由BB-同步调降至B+。 评级公告中披露的榆次农商行经营状况与资产质量呈现显著异常状态。2024年该行净息差 为-0.53%，全年实现净营业收入-0.22亿元，已连续两年经营出现亏损。截至2024年末，该行 不良贷款余额达到了37.56亿，较年初猛增41.26%，不良率飙升至34.43%——相当于每放出3 笔贷款，就有1笔无法收回。与此同时，该行近两年来盈利持续亏损导致资本内生能力严重 不足，资本充足率、核心 ...

Core Viewpoint - The reform process of small and medium-sized banks, such as village banks and rural commercial banks, is accelerating, driven by policy and market changes, with a significant number of mergers and dissolutions occurring in 2023 [1][2]. Group 1: Reform and Mergers - As of June 6, 2023, 191 small and medium-sized banks have been approved for mergers or dissolutions, with a total of 197 expected for the entire year [1]. - The Guangdong Regulatory Bureau approved the merger of Guangzhou Rural Commercial Bank with two village banks, leading to their dissolution and re-establishment as branches of Guangzhou Rural Commercial Bank [1]. - The government emphasizes a market-oriented and legal approach to risk management and transformation of local small financial institutions [2]. Group 2: Regulatory Focus and Industry Impact - The National Financial Regulatory Administration has prioritized accelerating the reform and risk management of small financial institutions as a key goal for the year [2]. - The reform strategy includes mergers, restructuring, and reducing the number of high-risk institutions, which is expected to reshape the industry landscape [2]. - The consolidation of small banks is anticipated to enhance industry concentration and alleviate systemic risks in the short term, while fostering differentiated competition in the long term [2]. Group 3: Challenges and Recommendations - Small and medium-sized banks face challenges such as narrowing net interest margins, increased competition, declining asset quality, and limited capital replenishment capabilities [3]. - Recommendations for future development include focusing on regional services, catering to local small and micro enterprises, and leveraging financial technology to improve operational efficiency [3].