7月7日，国际深空探测学会成立大会在安徽合肥举行。这是中国首个深空探测领域国际科技组织。新华 社记者 周牧 摄 新华社合肥7月7日电（记者何曦悦、吴慧珺）中国首个深空探测领域国际科技组织——国际深空探测学 会7日在安徽合肥成立。该学会的成立对中国航天国际交流与合作具有重要意义，是全球航天界协同创 新的重要标志。 国际深空探测学会由中国政府批准，中国科技界发起，全球科研机构和科学家共同参与，有助于汇聚全 球力量推动外空领域的科技进步。 据悉，学会将通过举办高水平国际学术活动、推动全球航天科技人才培养等方式，搭建广泛的合作交流 平台，有力推动外层空间和平利用与可持续发展。 国际深空探测学会由深空探测实验室、中国国家航天局探月与航天工程中心、中国宇航学会、中国空间 科学学会及法国行星探测地平线2061五家单位联合倡议，由20位中国国内院士与31名国外科学家共同发 起申请，历经两年多筹备，于今年4月经中国国务院批准，成为在民政部注册具备独立法人资格的非营 利性国际科技组织。 近年来，中国致力于为国际深空探测合作提供广阔舞台，造福全人类。 2017年，中国国家航天局就向国际社会正式发起国际月球科研站合作倡议，目前已有1 ...

Core Insights - The "14th Five-Year Plan" emphasizes the construction of major scientific innovation platforms, including national science centers in Beijing, Shanghai, the Greater Bay Area, and Hefei, to enhance regional technological innovation [1] Group 1: Beijing Huairou Science City - The Huairou Science City has evolved from initial planning to becoming one of the regions with the highest density of national major scientific infrastructure [3] - The High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) is a core facility in Huairou, which will be one of the world's brightest fourth-generation synchrotron radiation sources upon completion [4] Group 2: Shanghai Zhangjiang Science City - The Zhangjiang Science City has developed a more complete industrial ecosystem around the Artificial Intelligence Island from 2020 to 2025 [6] - The area has expanded from 17 square kilometers to 220 square kilometers, positioning itself as an international first-class science city [8] Group 3: Shenzhen Guangming Science City - The Guangming Science City covers a total planned area of 99 square kilometers, focusing on major scientific installations and technology innovation clusters [10] - Shenzhen Polytechnic University, located in Guangming, aims to conduct cutting-edge scientific research and cultivate top innovative talents [11] Group 4: Hefei Future Science City - The Hefei Future Science City, with a planned area of approximately 19.2 square kilometers, focuses on quantum information, fusion energy, and deep space exploration [14] - Key scientific installations like the "Kua Fu" and BEST are representative of national significant scientific instruments [14][16] Group 5: Chengdu Western Science City - The Western (Chengdu) Science City is a key driver for technological innovation in the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle, adopting a "one city, multiple parks" model [18] - It has six major scientific installations, with two included in the national "14th Five-Year Plan" for major scientific infrastructure [19]

Core Insights - The establishment of China's first "lunar-like underground space" teaching and training base aims to support the national lunar exploration program and cultivate interdisciplinary planetary science talent [1][5] Group 1: Teaching and Research Base - The base is located in the volcanic lava tubes of Jingpo Lake, Heilongjiang Province, which closely resembles the underground environment of the Moon [1] - The teaching and research work at the base features a strong intersection of science and engineering, covering fields such as geological exploration, underground structure CT imaging, embodied intelligent inspection, and digital twin technologies [3] Group 2: Robotic Prototypes - Two prototype detection robots have been developed for complex terrain conditions: the "Anteater," a flexible-arm robot designed for autonomous exploration and multifunctional operations, and the "Salamander," a deformable soft-wheeled robot adept at navigating complex terrains [3] Group 3: Comparative Planetology Base - A comparative planetology teaching and training base has also been established in a meteorite crater in Liaoning Province, which serves as a reference for understanding impact crater features on other celestial bodies [4] - These bases provide platforms for planetary science education and research, advancing technologies for in-situ resource utilization on the Moon [4] Group 4: Future of Embodied Intelligence - The development of embodied intelligence is expected to replace humans in hazardous tasks, with the potential to surpass human capabilities by 2045, facilitating exploration beyond Earth [4] - The bases are seen as training grounds for embodied intelligence technologies, contributing to the deep integration of science, technology, and engineering in building a strong planetary science nation [4]

Core Viewpoint - China is expected to establish the world's first Mars sample laboratory, with construction projected to be completed and operational by 2030 after 4-5 years of development [1][2]. Group 1: Laboratory Overview - The Deep Space Exploration Laboratory is a collaborative project between the National Space Administration, Anhui Province, and the University of Science and Technology of China, focusing on strategic and foundational research in deep space exploration [2]. - The laboratory aims to integrate science, technology, and engineering to meet national space strategy needs and international scientific plans [2]. Group 2: Mars Sample Laboratory - The Mars sample laboratory will differ from the lunar sample laboratory due to the potential presence of living microorganisms on Mars, necessitating high-level biological safety measures [2]. - This facility will protect Earth from potential unknown Martian microorganisms while preserving the scientific value of the Martian samples [2]. - The establishment of this laboratory will enhance China's influence and authority in deep space exploration, particularly in Mars exploration, attracting numerous domestic and international research institutions and scholars [2]. Group 3: Future Developments - The Deep Space Exploration Laboratory is also exploring the possibility of establishing a planetary environment simulation and resource utilization facility in Hefei [2].

Core Insights - Chinese researchers are developing technologies for lunar survival, including water extraction and construction materials from lunar soil [1][3][4] Group 1: Lunar Research and Development - The Deep Space Exploration Laboratory was established in February 2022, focusing on lunar exploration, planetary exploration, and heavy-lift launch vehicles [3] - The "In-situ 3D Printing System" can utilize concentrated solar energy to melt lunar soil into bricks, which are strong and heat-insulating, suitable for building lunar infrastructure [3][4] Group 2: Water Resource Extraction - The lunar poles contain abundant water ice, essential for life support and energy needs for future lunar missions [4] - The first prototype of the "Lunar Regolith Ice Extraction System" uses spiral drill needles to extract water vapor from simulated lunar soil, which is then condensed into ice [4] Group 3: Communication and Navigation Technologies - The "Tiandu Star" satellites will be launched in March 2024 to test new communication and navigation technologies for lunar and interstellar missions [5] - These technologies aim to support the construction of an integrated communication network between Earth and the Moon [5] Group 4: International Collaboration - As of now, 17 countries and over 60 international organizations have signed cooperation agreements with China regarding lunar research [5] - The Deep Space Exploration Laboratory is also initiating the establishment of an International Deep Space Exploration Society [5] Group 5: Strategic Industry Development - The laboratory is planning to cultivate ten strategic new industries related to deep space, attracting commercial space companies with total investments exceeding 10 billion RMB [7]

Group 1 - The 55th Paris Air Show opened on June 16, showcasing China's aerospace technology capabilities, including the debut of the Long March 6A and Long March 12 rocket models [1][3] - China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation displayed various rocket models, including Long March 2D, Long March 3B, Long March 6A, Long March 8, and Long March 12, along with the Dongfanghong 3E all-electric small communication satellite [1] - The exhibition included multimedia presentations on sounding rockets, communication satellites, remote sensing satellites, and China's advancements in Beidou navigation, manned spaceflight, lunar exploration, deep space exploration, and international cooperation [1] Group 2 - The Long March 6A is a new generation of non-toxic, pollution-free rocket designed to meet the diverse and dense launch demands of future satellites, while the Long March 12 is a new medium-sized liquid rocket that enhances capabilities for sun-synchronous orbit and low Earth orbit constellation networking [3] - The Long March 12 rocket features a simple and reliable single-core series configuration, improving the payload capacity and large fairing envelope, contributing to the high-quality development of China's space transportation system [3] Group 3 - China Great Wall Industry Corporation, authorized by the government, focuses on commercial launches, satellite system delivery, and space technology cooperation, aiming to promote the globalization of China's commercial aerospace products [5] - Since the 1990s, the Great Wall Company has completed 101 commercial launches, delivering 74 international commercial satellites and 261 domestic commercial satellites, along with providing 52 rideshare launch services [5] - As China's aerospace products gain competitiveness, the Great Wall Company serves as an international platform, integrating various resources to offer more competitive and advanced products and services to the global market [5]

Core Viewpoint - The establishment of the Deep Space Exploration Laboratory is a key initiative to implement national strategic layouts and support the construction of a strong aerospace nation [1] Group 1: Laboratory Development - The laboratory was jointly established by the National Space Administration, Anhui Province, and the University of Science and Technology of China three years ago to meet the urgent needs of national deep space exploration [1][3] - In just three years, the laboratory has achieved significant progress in institutional setup, platform construction, task support, and scientific research breakthroughs [1][3] Group 2: Research and Innovation - The laboratory's research team has developed a lunar soil in-situ 3D printing system, which simulates high-temperature melting of lunar soil to print lunar base components [3] - The team has also created a prototype for a lunar ice extraction system, capable of extracting 10 to 50 grams of ice per hour with a power consumption of only 150 watts, reaching international advanced levels [3][4] Group 3: Collaborative Efforts - The laboratory has formed a collaborative innovation alliance for the deep space industry and is actively promoting the establishment of an aerospace information incubator in Anhui [3][4] - It has attracted several commercial aerospace companies and projects to settle in Anhui, contributing to the local aerospace industry development [3] Group 4: Talent and Funding Management - The laboratory has been granted autonomy in deciding research directions, budget allocations, talent standards, and salary structures, fostering a conducive environment for innovation [4] - A new funding management model and talent incentive mechanism have been established to enhance resource allocation and stimulate innovation [4] Group 5: International Cooperation - The laboratory is set to host the International Deep Space Exploration Society, aiming to facilitate international collaboration in deep space exploration [8] - Since 2023, the laboratory has initiated the Deep Space Exploration (Tiandu) International Conference, which has gained significant influence in the international aerospace community [8] - The laboratory has signed cooperation agreements with 64 international research institutions, supporting the National Space Administration in expanding international exchanges and collaborations in deep space exploration [8]

Core Viewpoint - The Tianwen-2 mission aims to explore and sample asteroid 2016HO3 and subsequently conduct scientific exploration of main-belt comet 311P, marking China's first attempt at asteroid sample return and advancing deep space exploration [1][2][13]. Mission Overview - The Tianwen-2 mission is led by the National Space Administration of China, with a long and challenging implementation cycle of approximately 10 years, facing significant engineering risks and uncertainties [2][13]. - The mission consists of 13 flight phases, including launch, asteroid transfer, close approach, sampling, and return segments [13]. Launch Details - The Long March 3B rocket, known for its high payload capacity, successfully launched the Tianwen-2 spacecraft from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center on May 29, 2025 [1][4]. - This mission is the first time the Long March 3B rocket has executed a launch to escape Earth's gravitational pull, requiring a speed of at least 11.2 km/s [5][6]. Challenges Faced - The launch faced three main challenges: higher speed requirements, increased precision demands, and a narrower launch window [6][9]. - The launch window for the mission was limited to three days, with only four minutes available each day for a successful launch [9]. Technical Innovations - The mission has implemented various technical improvements, including enhanced payload capacity and precision tracking systems, to ensure successful launch and mission execution [10][11]. - The spacecraft is equipped with 11 scientific instruments for spectral measurement, optical imaging, and environmental detection, aimed at gathering valuable data during its journey [13][16]. Scientific Goals - The scientific objectives focus on determining the physical parameters of the asteroid and comet, including their orbital dynamics, composition, and internal structure [17]. - The mission aims to contribute to the understanding of the early solar system and the formation of celestial bodies, with particular emphasis on the unique characteristics of the target asteroid and comet [16][17].

Core Insights - The Deep Space Exploration Laboratory, established through collaboration between the National Space Administration, Anhui Province, and the University of Science and Technology of China, has been operational for three years, focusing on innovative technologies for space exploration [1][2][3] Group 1: Laboratory Achievements - The laboratory has developed a lunar regolith in-situ 3D printing system, enabling the construction of lunar base components using local materials, which is crucial for the International Lunar Research Station [2] - Significant technological advancements have been made, including the Tian Duo 1 and 2 lunar communication test satellites, which are conducting multiple in-orbit technology trials [1][2] Group 2: Research and Collaboration - The laboratory is home to a team of high-profile scientists, including seven academicians and over fifty core personnel, focusing on key technological challenges and promoting innovation in space exploration [2][3] - It has established partnerships with 64 international research institutions, enhancing global collaboration in deep space exploration [2] Group 3: Operational Framework - The laboratory operates under a new governance model that grants it substantial autonomy, fostering a conducive environment for innovation through a unique funding management and talent incentive system [3] - It aims to contribute to China's goal of becoming a space power, showcasing rapid advancements and innovative capabilities in the field of deep space exploration [3]

Group 1 - The Tianwen-2 mission aims to explore and collect samples from the asteroid 2016HO3 and subsequently study the main belt comet 311P, marking another significant exploration journey for China in space [2][3][5] - The mission is designed to overcome key technical challenges such as sampling from low-gravity celestial bodies, high-precision autonomous navigation, and small thrust trajectory design, providing valuable data for scientific research on asteroid origins and evolution [3][5][8] - The Tianwen-2 spacecraft is equipped with 11 scientific instruments, including medium-field color cameras and multi-spectral cameras, to facilitate the exploration of the asteroid and comet [7][9] Group 2 - The mission consists of 13 flight phases, including launch, asteroid transfer, close approach, and sample collection, with the first phase successfully completed [6][8] - The average diameter of asteroid 2016HO3 is approximately 41 meters, and it operates in a near-zero gravity environment, presenting significant challenges for the spacecraft to achieve stable attachment and sampling [8][9] - Future missions, Tianwen-3 and Tianwen-4, are planned for 2028 and 2030, respectively, with Tianwen-3 focusing on Mars sample return and Tianwen-4 targeting Jupiter and its moons [9]