（文章来源：新华社） 人民财讯10月1日电，10月1日上午，位于安徽合肥未来大科学城的紧凑型聚变能实验装置（BEST）建 设现场传来好消息：该装置主机首个关键部件——杜瓦底座成功落位安装，标志着项目主体工程建设步 入新阶段，部件研制和工程安装开启"加速度"。据介绍，杜瓦底座落位安装完毕后，主机核心部件将陆 续进场安装。根据计划，BEST将于2027年底建成。该装置建设的稳步推进，对于我国率先开展前沿聚 变科学研究、验证未来聚变堆关键技术、持续引领国际聚变能发展具有重大战略意义。 ...

Core Insights - The installation of the first key component, the Dewar base, for the compact fusion energy experimental device (BEST) in Hefei, Anhui, marks a new phase in the project's construction, accelerating component development and engineering installation [1][3] - Fusion energy, regarded as the "ultimate energy," simulates the nuclear fusion reactions occurring in the sun, aiming to demonstrate plasma "burning" of deuterium and tritium, potentially achieving the world's first fusion energy generation [1] - The Dewar base, weighing over 400 tons and measuring approximately 18 meters in diameter and 5 meters in height, is the heaviest single component in the BEST device and the largest vacuum component in China's fusion field to date [3][5] Technical Achievements - The installation of the Dewar base required high precision to ensure the future stability of the device, with surface level differences controlled within 15 millimeters and positional deviations not exceeding ±2 millimeters [5] - The project team developed a specialized lifting system and utilized laser tracking technology for real-time monitoring and adjustments, achieving millimeter-level precision during installation [5] - Following the successful installation of the Dewar base, core components of the main device will be installed sequentially, with the BEST expected to be completed by the end of 2027 [5] Strategic Importance - The steady progress of the BEST construction is of significant strategic importance for China to lead in cutting-edge fusion science research, validate key technologies for future fusion reactors, and continue to guide international developments in fusion energy [5]

过去 6 年间，张杰带领团队开展了 11 轮大型物理实验，使用中国科学院上海光机所的"神光 2"升级装置，解决了并验证了所有重要物理问题。在最近完成 的第 11 轮实验中，团队获得的聚变三乘积达到世界最高水平，预计到 2028 年可实现点火。 张杰还指出，在实现点火后，团队将致力于提高增益和重复频率。目前美国的目标是 10 赫兹，而张杰团队希望直接达到 50 赫兹，因为对于发电而言，重复 频率越高越有利。在这一至关重要的 50 赫兹同频激光驱动技术上，团队正在进行 5 个方面的关键技术突破，并已取得显著进展。 2022 年 12 月 5 日，人类历史上首次实现激光聚变净增益，这被视为人类向终极能源 —— 聚变能迈进的关键一步。聚变能具有能量密度高、燃料来源近乎 无限、无放射性且运行绝对安全等显著优势。自 1972 年起，美国及全球科学家便致力于追求核聚变输出能量大于输入能量的目标，历经 50 年探索，终于取 得突破。 据IT之家了解，实现这一目标的是美国国家点火装置（NIF），作为世界上最大的激光聚变装置，代表了人类工程技术的极限。在实现净增益后，美国科学 家在提高增益效益的同时，开始着手高重频技术研发。目前 ...

Core Insights - The third Hydrogen-Boron Fusion Symposium, hosted by New Hope Group, gathered experts from nearly 50 top research institutions across 11 countries to discuss cutting-edge fusion research and innovative solutions for accelerating technological breakthroughs in the field [1][3]. Group 1: Industry Developments - Hydrogen-boron fusion is emerging as a promising clean energy source, with advantages such as abundant fuel supply, low cost, and no radioactive waste, showcasing significant commercial potential [3][5]. - New Hope Group achieved major breakthroughs in hydrogen-boron fusion, including the "Xuanlong-50U" device reaching a million ampere hydrogen-boron plasma discharge and setting a world record for magnetic field strength [3][4]. - The global fusion technology landscape is shifting towards commercial application, with significant interest from tech giants and governments, indicating a fundamental reshaping of the global economic landscape [4][5]. Group 2: Research and Collaboration - The symposium emphasized the need for global collaboration in fusion research, with experts highlighting China's leading role in certain areas of the field [4][10]. - New Hope Group has established a high-level, international research team and initiated a hydrogen-boron fusion research fund, supporting 18 innovative projects from 19 domestic institutions [4][7]. - The ITER project, the largest international fusion research initiative, acknowledged New Hope's contributions to the field and expressed a desire to strengthen collaboration with private enterprises to accelerate fusion technology development [10]. Group 3: Future Outlook - Experts predict that the next 20 years will be crucial for the commercialization of fusion technology, with hydrogen-boron fusion potentially eliminating reliance on fossil fuels and significantly reducing electricity costs [8]. - The transition to hydrogen-boron fusion is seen as a leap in human civilization, unlocking possibilities in various fields such as AI and space exploration [8].

Core Viewpoint - The recent exchange between the Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment and the Nuclear Power Department of the National Energy Administration focused on the development of fusion energy and established a consensus for further collaboration in this field [1] Group 1 - The discussion covered the current status of fusion energy development, the challenges faced, and the construction of a radiation safety regulatory system [1] - Both parties engaged in extensive discussions on core issues related to fusion energy [1] - A solid foundation for broader cooperation in fusion research was laid through this exchange [1]

Core Insights - Nuclear fusion energy is considered the ultimate solution for human energy needs, with significant advancements being made in China towards its development [1][2] - China is constructing the compact fusion energy experimental device (BEST) in Hefei, expected to be completed by 2027, with the potential to demonstrate fusion power generation within five years [1] - The country aims to achieve a nuclear power installed capacity of 65 million kilowatts by the end of 2025, contributing to global nuclear energy growth projected to exceed 1.1 billion kilowatts by 2050 [1] Group 1: Nuclear Fusion Development - The "three-step" strategy for fusion energy application in China includes the recent achievement of the "billion-degree second" world record by the EAST device, marking a significant transition from basic science to engineering practice [1] - The BEST project will be the first to generate real energy and demonstrate fusion power generation on a global scale [1] - The Chinese Fusion Engineering Demonstration Reactor (CFEDR) has initiated engineering design, aiming to build the world's first fusion demonstration power plant [1] Group 2: Small Modular Reactors - The next decade is identified as a critical period for the development and promotion of small modular reactors (SMRs), which offer advantages such as shorter construction periods, lower investment costs, and greater site adaptability compared to large reactors [2] - SMRs are gaining global attention due to their inherent safety, smaller size, high power density, lower nuclear waste generation, and reduced decommissioning costs [2] - China has completed the world's first fourth-generation pebble bed high-temperature gas-cooled reactor and is expected to lead in constructing the first land-based small pressurized water reactor, "Linglong One," with commercial demonstration of small reactor power plants anticipated by around 2030 [2]

Core Insights - China's "artificial sun," the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST), achieved a significant breakthrough by maintaining a high-confinement mode plasma at 1 million degrees Celsius for 1066 seconds, setting a new world record for tokamak devices [1][2][5] Group 1: Technological Achievements - The EAST device is the world's first non-circular cross-section superconducting tokamak, focusing on long-pulse, high-confinement, and steady-state operation conditions for fusion reactor physics and engineering technology, incorporating over 200 core technologies [2] - The successful operation of EAST demonstrates the feasibility of controlled nuclear fusion, which is considered the "ultimate energy" source, with fuel derived from seawater being nearly limitless and producing only harmless helium as a byproduct [2][6] Group 2: Experimental Progress - The achievement of the "million-degree, thousand-second" record involved 15,000 experiments across 22 rounds, marking significant milestones from 60 seconds to 1066 seconds [3][5] - Maintaining plasma stability for extended periods requires overcoming numerous technical challenges, including precise control of plasma to prevent contact with the device's inner wall, which can melt at extreme temperatures [3] Group 3: Future Prospects - The success of EAST signifies a major leap from basic science to engineering practice in nuclear fusion research, enhancing global confidence in fusion energy and providing critical data for related studies [5] - The next steps in China's fusion energy roadmap include the construction of the Fusion Energy Experimental Device (BEST), expected to demonstrate energy generation by the end of 2027, and the design of the China Fusion Engineering Demonstration Reactor (CFEDR) [6][7] Group 4: Broader Impact - The development of fusion energy is not only aimed at providing clean energy but also drives advancements across various industries, including superconductors, power sources, materials, and cryogenics, benefiting sectors like transportation, healthcare, and aerospace [7]