Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the significant contributions of Global South countries to the development and evolution of international law, emphasizing their role in shaping a more equitable and just international order [6][9][16]. Group 1: Contributions of Global South Countries - The establishment of a multilateral cooperation framework, such as the Bandung Conference in 1955, marked a pivotal step for developing countries in participating in international law and rule-making [7]. - The rise of developing countries has led to both quantitative and qualitative changes in international law, transforming them from passive recipients to active contributors in the rule-making process [9][11]. - Key international legal principles, such as the right to self-determination and the emphasis on development rights, have been significantly influenced by the collective actions of developing countries [7][12]. Group 2: China's Role in International Law - China has actively promoted the concept of "international law for developing countries," enhancing its appeal and influence through initiatives like the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence [11][13]. - The country has played a crucial role in mediating international disputes and fostering dialogue, as seen in its facilitation of agreements between nations like Saudi Arabia and Iran [11][12]. - China's participation in various multilateral organizations, such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and BRICS, aims to rebalance global power dynamics and reflect the common interests of developing countries [13][17]. Group 3: Challenges and Future Directions - Despite the contributions of developing countries, international law remains predominantly shaped by developed nations, leading to a need for greater unity among Global South countries to influence rule-making [16][18]. - The article highlights the importance of addressing emerging global issues, such as data sovereignty and climate change, through collaborative efforts among developing nations [16][18]. - There is a call for enhancing legal capacity and training in developing countries to better equip them for participation in international negotiations and dispute resolution [17][18].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the recent attacks on key substations supplying power to nuclear facilities in Ukraine, raising concerns about potential nuclear disasters and international law violations [1] Group 1: Impact on Nuclear Facilities - Ukrainian Ministry of Foreign Affairs reported that Russian forces targeted critical substations essential for nuclear power plants, which could lead to severe consequences including nuclear leaks if backup generators fail [1] - The Russian Defense Ministry confirmed the attacks, stating the purpose was to weaken Ukraine's military capabilities [1] Group 2: International Response - Ukraine labeled the attacks as "nuclear terrorism," claiming they violate international law and could result in a disaster similar to Chernobyl [1] - The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) issued a report indicating issues at several nuclear power plants in Ukraine, including loss of external power and forced reductions in operational capacity [1]

Core Viewpoint - The United Nations has urged the U.S. government to cease military actions against alleged "drug boats" in the Caribbean and Pacific regions, citing increasing casualties and violations of international law [1] Summary by Relevant Sections - **Military Actions**: The UN statement highlights the severity of casualties resulting from U.S. military operations, describing them as "extrajudicial killings" [1] - **Legal Concerns**: The UN emphasizes that the deaths caused by these actions lack any justification under international law, labeling them as unacceptable [1] - **Call for Investigation**: The statement calls for a prompt, independent, and transparent investigation into these military actions [1]

新华社纽约10月29日电 以色列军方29日宣布恢复执行停火协议后，又于当天傍晚空袭加沙地带北 部一处目标。加沙卫生部门说，自28日晚局势升级，至29日中午，以军袭击造成至少104人死亡。联合 国秘书长古特雷斯强烈谴责以色列空袭平民。 以军一份声明显示，以军当天傍晚在加沙地带北部拜特拉希亚镇对一处巴勒斯坦武装组织的基础设 施实施"精准打击"。声明称，该设施内储存有武器和航空器材等装备，武装人员意图用于发动针对以方 的袭击。据巴勒斯坦媒体报道，这次空袭造成两人死亡。 以总理内塔尼亚胡28日晚以巴勒斯坦伊斯兰抵抗运动（哈马斯）违反停火协议为由，下令军方对加 沙地带实施"有力打击"。哈马斯否认违反停火协议。以军29日早些时候在另一份声明中说，按照指令， 在对加沙地带相关目标实施打击之后，以军已恢复执行停火协议。 南非国际关系与合作部29日晚发表声明，强烈谴责内塔尼亚胡以哈马斯违反停火协议为由下令空袭 加沙地带。声明说，南非对以色列在国际法院发布咨询意见后仍执意采取军事行动的做法表示严重关 切。南非再次呼吁立即实现永久停火，强调以色列遵守停火协议对维护持久和平的前景与确保地区安全 至关重要。 欧盟委员会和英国、德国等国 ...

Core Points - The Iranian Foreign Ministry held a press conference discussing regional tensions and key issues, highlighting Israel's frequent violations of ceasefire agreements in Gaza and Lebanon [1][3] - The spokesperson criticized recent U.S. military actions in the Caribbean, labeling them as dangerous and illegal, posing a threat to regional peace and security [5][8] Group 1: Israel's Actions - Israel has been accused of repeatedly violating ceasefire agreements in Gaza and conducting terrorist actions in Lebanon, resulting in civilian casualties [3] - The Iranian government claims that Israel's primary objective is to hinder Lebanon's economic development and reconstruction efforts [3] Group 2: U.S. Military Presence - The U.S. has deployed multiple warships in the Caribbean under the pretext of combating drug trafficking, which Iran views as a criminal act that violates international law and the UN Charter [5] - The Iranian Foreign Ministry emphasizes the need to remain vigilant against potential U.S. military actions targeting Iran, which are seen as violations of international law [8] Group 3: Iran's Nuclear Commitment - Iran is cooperating with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in accordance with laws approved by its parliament, reaffirming its commitment to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and related agreements [6]

乌克兰近月遭俄军猛烈空袭后，未来两年550亿欧元的预算缺口已迫在眉睫，比利时死死卡住关键，作 为冻结资产的主要持有国，它坚持要 "法律约束力文本" 才肯松口。 欧洲央行也反复警告 "可能冲击欧元信誉"。连美国都对 "动资产本金" 讳莫如深。 辩论的 "慢节奏" 作为被冻结俄罗斯央行资产的主要持有国，比利时的顾虑并非空穴来风。 其境内的欧洲清算所（Euroclear）保管着这笔1400亿欧元资金，而该机构作为欧洲最大的跨境清算平 台，连接着全球数万亿欧元的资产交易。 本周四，欧盟领导人将在布鲁塞尔召开关键会议，议题直指那笔牵动全局的1400亿欧元，用被冻结的俄 罗斯资产为乌克兰提供 "赔偿贷款"。 但比利时、卢森堡及欧央行的担忧同样不容忽视，欧央行行长拉加德虽表态支持 "公平使用" 资产，但 强调必须是 "操作性贷款"。 作为全球第二大储备货币，欧元的稳定性依赖于欧盟对国际法的遵守，若因乌克兰贷款计划被贴上 "违 法" 标签，可能引发各国央行减持欧元储备，冲击欧元区金融根基。 不过也有外交官指出，比利时的 "强硬要求" 或为谈判策略，过往欧盟在难民危机资金分摊、疫情复苏 基金等争议中，均通过折中方案达成共识。 ...

Core Viewpoint - A coalition of 15 countries, including Egypt, Jordan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Indonesia, has strongly condemned the Israeli parliament's preliminary approval of two legal drafts aimed at extending Israeli sovereignty over the West Bank and illegal settlements, asserting that these actions violate international law and UN Security Council resolutions [5]. Group 1 - The joint statement from the 15 countries and organizations emphasizes that the Israeli legislation blatantly contravenes international law and specifically UN Security Council Resolution 2334 [5]. - The statement warns Israel against continuing its unilateral illegal policies and calls on the international community to fulfill its legal and moral responsibilities to compel Israel to halt its dangerous escalation and illegal actions in the occupied Palestinian territories [5]. - The Iranian and UAE governments also issued statements condemning Israel's actions [5]. Group 2 - On October 22, the Israeli parliament passed two bills in a preliminary vote, one of which seeks to extend Israeli sovereignty over the West Bank, requiring multiple formal votes to become law [5]. - The Palestinian Ministry of Foreign Affairs condemned this move on October 22, labeling it an illegal attempt to annex Palestinian territory [5].

Core Viewpoint - A coalition of 15 countries, along with the Arab League and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, has strongly condemned Israel's parliament for approving two legal drafts aimed at extending Israeli sovereignty over the West Bank and illegal settlements, asserting that these actions violate international law and UN resolutions [1][2]. Group 1 - The joint statement emphasizes that the proposed legislation blatantly contravenes international law and UN Security Council Resolution 2334, which addresses the illegality of Israeli occupation of Palestinian territories [1]. - The International Court's advisory opinion confirms the illegality of Israel's occupation and the invalidity of settlement construction in the occupied West Bank [1]. - The statement warns Israel against continuing its unilateral illegal policies and calls on the international community to fulfill its legal and moral responsibilities to compel Israel to halt its dangerous escalation and illegal actions in the occupied Palestinian territories [1]. Group 2 - Iran and the UAE have also issued statements condemning Israel's actions regarding the proposed legislation [2]. - The Israeli parliament passed a preliminary vote on two bills, one of which seeks to extend Israeli sovereignty over the West Bank, requiring multiple formal votes to become law [2]. - The Palestinian Ministry of Foreign Affairs has strongly condemned this move, labeling it an illegal attempt to annex Palestinian territory [2].

Core Viewpoint - A coalition of 15 countries, along with the Arab League and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, has strongly condemned Israel's parliament for approving two legal drafts aimed at extending Israeli sovereignty over the West Bank and illegal settlements, asserting that these actions violate international law and UN Security Council resolutions [1] Group 1: International Response - The joint statement from the coalition emphasizes that the proposed legislation blatantly contravenes international law and specifically UN Security Council Resolution 2334 [1] - The International Court's advisory opinion has confirmed the illegality of Israel's occupation of Palestinian territories and the invalidity of settlement construction in the occupied West Bank [1] - The statement warns Israel against continuing its unilateral illegal policies and calls on the international community to fulfill its legal and moral responsibilities to compel Israel to halt its dangerous escalation and illegal actions in the occupied Palestinian territories [1] Group 2: Legislative Developments - On the 22nd, the Israeli parliament passed two preliminary votes on the bills, one of which seeks to extend Israeli sovereignty over the West Bank, requiring multiple formal votes to become law [1] - The Palestinian Ministry of Foreign Affairs condemned this move on the same day, labeling it an illegal attempt to annex Palestinian territory [1]

Core Viewpoint - The Colombian government is urging the U.S. to cease its operations against alleged "drug boats" in the Pacific, claiming these actions violate international law and are politically motivated ahead of Colombia's upcoming elections [1] Group 1 - The Colombian Foreign Ministry has called for the U.S. government to stop its military actions in the Pacific [1] - Colombian President Petro described the U.S. military operations as a form of "murder" [1] - The Colombian government asserts that U.S. strategies in both the Caribbean and Pacific regions violate international law [1] Group 2 - The intent behind the U.S. operations in the Pacific is perceived to influence Colombia's elections next year [1]