新华社布鲁塞尔9月25日电 专访丨全球治理倡议是推动国际合作体系现代化的重要一步——访联合国 前副秘书长索尔海姆 新华社记者殷晓圣 陈斌杰 联合国前副秘书长兼环境规划署执行主任埃里克·索尔海姆日前在接受新华社记者专访时表示，中国提 出的全球治理倡议是推动国际合作体系现代化的重要一步，正为推动多边合作、加强南南合作注入新的 动力。 他认为，中方提出的一系列全球倡议为推动国际合作提供了清晰框架，这些倡议正在把理想转化为实实 在在的成果，为全球南方国家带来新的发展机遇。 "中国的全球治理倡议通过推动对话、发展与合作，正在帮助全球南方在国际事务中发出更强声音，为 建设更加公平、包容和可持续的世界秩序提供方案。"索尔海姆说。 索尔海姆认为，全球治理倡议主张真正的多边主义，强调主权平等、尊重国际法和广泛协商，推动国际 关系走出少数西方国家主导的格局，迈向真正的多边合作。在地缘政治不确定性上升的背景下，中国的 倡议为建设更具包容性、伙伴精神和务实导向的国际合作指明了方向，增强了各方对全球机制的信心。 "这一倡议的突出意义在于注重务实，把崇高理念转化为对现实世界的改善。"目前担任欧盟亚洲中心主 席的索尔海姆说。他强调，世界秩 ...

Core Points - The first United Nations Global Summit on Sustainable, Inclusive, and Resilient Global Economy was held to address challenges in development financing and to call for reforms in the global financing framework [2] - UN Secretary-General António Guterres emphasized the need for reform in the international financial architecture due to the declining share of wealthy countries and the rising importance of emerging economies [2] - The funding gap for sustainable development goals is estimated at $4 trillion annually, highlighting the need for greater representation of developing countries in international financial institutions [2] - IMF President Kristalina Georgieva noted that global public debt could approach 100% of GDP by 2030, necessitating structural reforms to unlock private sector investment [3] - The WTO Director-General emphasized the need for deep reforms in the global trade system to allocate scarce resources more effectively [3] - South African President Cyril Ramaphosa called for coordinated efforts among global financial institutions to ensure that global rules are established collectively, not just by a few countries [3][4] Additional Context - The summit was proposed by Guterres in the 2021 report "Our Common Agenda" [5]

Group 1 - The U.S. government is planning to impose punitive tariffs of up to 100% on countries like China and India that purchase Russian oil, aiming to cut off Russia's energy export lifeline amid the Ukraine conflict [1] - The U.S. has set a condition for this policy, stating it will only follow if European allies take action first, indicating a strategy to avoid risks [1] - European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen responded firmly, stating that the EU will make independent decisions based on its own interests, rejecting the notion of being a pawn for the U.S. [1] Group 2 - The recent trade agreement between the EU and the U.S. has been criticized as imbalanced, requiring the EU to eliminate tariffs on U.S. industrial goods and commit to purchasing significant amounts of U.S. energy products [1] - The EU's unusual refusal to comply with U.S. pressure may stem from a growing realization of being treated as expendable by the U.S. despite making significant concessions [3] - Von der Leyen faces political pressure, with 75% of Europeans calling for her resignation, prompting a reassessment of the EU's policy towards the U.S. [3] Group 3 - The EU is reflecting on its relationship with China, recognizing the importance of the Chinese market for European industries, such as automotive and luxury goods [3] - Recent anti-dumping investigations initiated by China against EU products highlight the potential repercussions for EU industries if they align with U.S. pressures against China [6] - The current geopolitical landscape emphasizes the urgency for the EU to achieve strategic autonomy, impacting its future development and the global multipolar order [6]

Group 1 - The core message emphasizes the need for international cooperation to achieve sustainable development goals, as highlighted by Secretary-General Guterres during the Global Development Initiative High-Level Meeting [1] - The global development landscape is facing severe challenges, including fiscal constraints, geopolitical tensions, unilateral trade measures, and climate risks, leading to a fragile economic outlook [2] - The COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact economic recovery, with many economies experiencing weak growth and insufficient investment, exacerbating inequality and poverty [2] Group 2 - The "Seville Commitment" established at the Fourth International Conference on Financing for Development provides a comprehensive framework to bridge the $4 trillion financing gap for sustainable development [3] - There is a critical need to implement the agreement into actionable steps, such as expanding concessional financing and reforming the international financial system to better reflect the needs of developing countries [3] - Guterres calls for increased participation of developing countries in capital and decision-making processes to achieve a fair global financial architecture [3] Group 3 - The Global Development Initiative aligns closely with sustainable development goals, particularly in poverty eradication, food security, climate change response, and promoting inclusive growth [4] - Guterres praises China's proposed mechanisms to enhance the initiative's effectiveness and urges countries to revitalize cooperation to advance the 2030 sustainable development agenda [4] - A call for reaffirming multilateralism based on unity and results, leveraging the UN Charter and the Global Development Initiative to build an inclusive, resilient, and sustainable future for all [4]

Group 1 - The event celebrated the 76th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, attended by over 800 guests including diplomats and representatives from various sectors [1][4] - Chinese Ambassador to Sweden, Cui Aimin, highlighted China's significant development achievements over the past 76 years, emphasizing economic growth and social stability [2][4] - This year marks the 75th anniversary of diplomatic relations between China and Sweden, with both countries enhancing cooperation in areas such as green economy, digital economy, and biomedicine [4][2] Group 2 - The event featured a performance of the classic Peking opera "The Legend of the White Snake," showcasing the artistic talents of renowned performers and students [12] - Guests expressed admiration for China's contributions to global peace and development, indicating a strong desire for further practical cooperation between China and Sweden [4][2]

Core Viewpoint - The Iranian President emphasized that Iran will not pursue the development of nuclear weapons or any weapons of mass destruction, asserting that this stance is rooted in the beliefs and moral principles of the Iranian people [3]. Group 1 - The Iranian President, Pezeshkian, reiterated during the 80th United Nations General Assembly that Iran has never sought and will never seek to develop nuclear weapons [3]. - He called for the international community to ensure transparent and fair oversight of nuclear facilities, opposing the targeting of scientists and experts in conflicts [3]. - Pezeshkian criticized the misuse of multilateral mechanisms by certain members of the Security Council, highlighting the double standards that undermine the foundation of multilateralism and international law [3].

Core Points - South African President Ramaphosa emphasized the need for international cooperation to address global challenges and defend multilateralism during the 80th UN General Assembly [1] - He called for reforms in international financial institutions to support developing countries with fairer lending rules and highlighted the importance of maintaining the World Trade Organization's core role in global trade [1] - Ramaphosa pointed out the severe impacts of climate change on African nations, urging UN member states to adhere to their commitments in combating climate change [1] Group 1 - Ramaphosa criticized unilateral military actions and trade protectionism as threats to multilateralism and international law [1] - He highlighted the heavy debt burden hindering sustainable development in many African countries [1] - The President condemned Israel's actions in Gaza as "genocide" and called for the international community to implement the "two-state solution" [2] Group 2 - Ramaphosa stressed the need for nuclear disarmament and mentioned South Africa's role in the 2026 review conference of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons [2] - He urged countries to reaffirm their commitment to equality, dignity, and collective security in the context of the UN's 80th anniversary [2]

Group 1 - The article emphasizes the complexity and variability of the current international security situation, highlighting the rise of unilateralism and protectionism, which exacerbate the fragile international security environment [1] - It points out the insufficient representation and voice of developing countries in the global governance system, despite the rapid rise of the "Global South" [1][2] - The article advocates for multilateralism and the central role of the United Nations in international affairs, stressing that any security arrangements outside the UN will only increase division and conflict [1][2] Group 2 - The need to enhance the representation of developing countries in institutional building is highlighted, as this is essential for achieving universal and equitable security governance [2] - The article discusses the urgency of establishing rules and ethical norms in new fields such as artificial intelligence, cyberspace, and outer space to ensure technology benefits all nations [2] - China's global security initiative is presented as a significant approach to address security governance deficits and reshape a fair and reasonable order, emphasizing dialogue and cooperation [2][3] Group 3 - Future trends in global security governance are anticipated to include a greater emphasis on multilateralism and the strengthening of the UN's core role in international affairs [3] - The scope of security issues is expected to expand, with digital security and space security developing alongside traditional security concerns [3] - The integration of sustainable development with security governance is highlighted as crucial, with the implementation of the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda seen as vital for lasting peace [3]

Core Points - South African President Ramaphosa emphasized the need for international cooperation to address global challenges and defend multilateralism during the 80th UN General Assembly [1] - He called for reforms in the UN Security Council to enhance its representativeness and effectiveness, citing its current inadequacies in maintaining international peace [1] - Ramaphosa highlighted the heavy debt burden hindering sustainable development in many African countries and urged for fairer lending rules from international financial institutions [1] - He stressed the importance of reforming the multilateral trading system to protect developing countries from unilateral trade policies that threaten global stability [1] - The impact of climate change on African nations was underscored, with Ramaphosa calling for adherence to the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities" in addressing climate commitments [1] Peace and Security Issues - Ramaphosa condemned Israel's actions in Gaza as "genocide" and urged the international community to fully implement the "two-state solution" [2] - He advocated for advancing nuclear disarmament and announced that South Africa will host the 2026 review conference of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons [2] - On the 80th anniversary of the UN, he called for countries to draw wisdom and build consensus to reaffirm commitments to equality, dignity, and collective security [2]

Core Viewpoint - Cultural exchange is emphasized as the core of Franco-Chinese friendly relations, with a focus on enhancing mutual understanding through various cultural activities [3][6][7]. Group 1: Cultural Exchange Initiatives - The 2025 Beijing Cultural Forum features a series of events titled "Wind Moves, Shadow Changes - Sino-French Image Dialogue," including film concerts, salons, and lectures [4]. - Notable French filmmakers, such as Jean-Jacques Annaud and Juliette Binoche, engage in dialogues with Chinese filmmakers and scholars during the forum [4][6]. - Historical footage showcasing Sino-French friendship and cooperation is publicly screened for the first time during the forum [4]. Group 2: Importance of Cultural Understanding - Jean-Pierre Raffarin, former French Prime Minister, highlights that cultural exchanges are crucial for fostering mutual understanding between France and China [6][7]. - The long-standing cultural ties have allowed generations to build solid partnerships and deep friendships, giving the Franco-Chinese relationship a humanistic dimension [6][7]. Group 3: Global Governance and Cooperation - Raffarin discusses the need for France and China to collaborate on global governance, emphasizing the importance of multilateralism and the efficiency of global governance systems [9]. - He acknowledges China's significant efforts in poverty alleviation and modernization, which have had a substantial international impact [9]. - The promotion of peace culture is deemed essential for addressing global governance challenges, with China expected to play a larger role in promoting world peace [9].