近期有一种观点认为人民币汇率被明显低估，其主要论据是中国贸易顺差趋势上升或者中国同类商品价格明显低于美国（比如麦当劳的Big Mac）。这类 分析的共同点是从商品定价视角出发判断汇率是否合理，背后是新古典主义思维。在全球外汇交易规模远远超过贸易体量、资本流动波动大的时代，仍然 从商品价格视角来评估汇率无疑与现实差距较大。与此对应，（后）凯恩斯主义从资产价格的视角来分析汇率，不否认实体经济和经常项目的重要性，但 认为在现代金融体系下，资本流动和预期变化构成汇率波动的核心机制，这个思维与现实更为吻合。 点击小程序查看报告原文 Abstract 摘要 从（后）凯恩斯主义视角来看，我们认为金融周期是导致经常项目与汇率走势出现背离的重要因素，中美数据均显示这个现象。金融周期是指房价与信贷 互相加强而形成的长周期，其上行会压低经常项目但推升本币汇率，而金融周期下行则推升经常项目并抑制本币汇率。比如，过去几年中国处于金融周期 下行阶段，社会资源配置往高效率领域（比如高端制造业）倾斜，技术进步提速，支撑出口。此外，楼市调整导致以房地产为代表的非贸易品价格下降， 降低贸易品的中间投入成本，也促进了出口。同时，金融周期下行期，市 ...

Strategy - The active performance of the Hong Kong stock market in both primary and secondary markets is closely linked to liquidity, which plays a more significant role than in the A-share market [3] - The overall liquidity in the Hong Kong market has been loose this year, driven by macroeconomic weakness and asset scarcity, leading to increased southbound capital inflows and more companies listing in Hong Kong [3] - Looking ahead, the liquidity trend in the Hong Kong market may face tightening pressures in Q3, with a potential demand for funds exceeding 300 billion HKD for IPOs and placements, while the supply of funds will depend on the "profit-making effect" [3] Macroeconomy - The recent rebound of the US dollar index and the weakening of the euro raises questions about whether this is a short-term phenomenon or a structural reversal [6] - The new classical framework suggests that the current account is the main determinant of exchange rates, while the post-Keynesian view emphasizes capital flows as the fundamental force affecting exchange rates [6] - In the short term, the significant increase in net supply of US Treasury bonds may lead to further depreciation of the dollar, while the euro may appreciate [6] Strategy - The current stock-bond relationship differs from historical patterns, with the recent stock market rally driven by bank stocks and small-cap stocks, leading to a "bull market in stocks and stable bonds" [9] - This shift indicates that liquidity, rather than growth expectations, is the primary driver of the stock-bond relationship, suggesting lower risk appetite and limited negative impact on the bond market [9] - It is recommended to maintain a conservative asset allocation until uncertainties regarding tariffs are resolved, while continuing to overweight high-dividend stocks and bonds [9] Strategy - Five significant changes in the funding landscape of the A-share market are identified, including the restructuring of monetary order benefiting RMB assets, an increase in the proportion of individual investors, and improved market attractiveness due to asset scarcity [12] - The funding structure in the A-share market is improving, leading to a positive feedback loop in the funding environment, while many institutional investors are at historically low positions, indicating potential bullish sentiment [12] - While the mid-term market trend is determined by fundamentals, the influence of capital flows may temporarily exceed that of fundamentals, suggesting a relatively positive outlook for the second half of the year [12] Stablecoins and Financial Markets - Stablecoins are seen as a potential new infrastructure, with an analysis of the incentive mechanisms for various participants and their potential impact on financial markets and the international monetary system [15] - Issuing offshore RMB stablecoins is considered a priority for China in participating in the development of stablecoins, although the success of RMB internationalization ultimately depends on its legal and functional anchors [15]