Summary of Coal Industry Research and Conference Call Industry Overview - The coal industry has faced significant challenges since 2013, with profits declining sharply and the industry suffering severe losses exceeding 95% by the end of 2015. Coal prices halved, leading to cash flow pressures and debt default risks, with the debt level surpassing 3 trillion RMB and debt-to-asset ratios exceeding 70% [1][2][4]. Key Points on Supply-Side Reform - The supply-side reform aimed to address existential threats to coal enterprises, including severe debt risks and potential systemic financial risks, as well as social issues like reduced worker incomes and unemployment threats [1][4]. - The reform involved eliminating outdated production capacity, controlling new capacity, and providing financial support, which included subsidies and price stabilization measures [1][8][10]. - The implementation of the 276 working days policy in 2016 forced mines to operate only 276 days a year, leading to a rapid increase in coal prices, which doubled before the policy was revoked in March 2017 [1][3][13]. Market Dynamics and Price Fluctuations - The coal industry experienced four major market fluctuations from 2016 to 2018, influenced by policies such as the 276 working days limit and import restrictions. Coal prices saw significant increases during these periods, particularly for coking coal [3][19]. - The first wave of price increases occurred from May to the end of 2016, with coal prices rising from 400 RMB to 730 RMB, driven by production cuts [19]. - Subsequent waves of price increases were noted in 2017 and early 2018, with prices reaching over 1,000 RMB during peak winter demand [19]. Financial Implications - The supply-side reform had a notable impact on coal prices and stock prices, with significant recoveries observed starting in 2016. For instance, from February to April 2016, thermal coal prices increased by 17%, and coking coal prices rose by 30% [14][15]. - By 2020, over 1 billion tons of outdated capacity had been eliminated, representing 20% of the total capacity as of the end of 2015, which improved overall industry efficiency and safety [9][21]. Regional Challenges - The Shanxi region faced unique challenges, including a heavier personnel burden compared to other major coal-producing areas, which exacerbated its losses [5][6]. - In Shaanxi, companies like Shaanxi Coal and Chemical Industry Group experienced severe price drops, with prices as low as 165 RMB, while still facing operational difficulties [6]. Future Outlook - The current market outlook suggests that future trends will continue to be influenced by supply-demand dynamics and policy adjustments. The implementation of anti-involution measures is expected to stabilize supply and enhance overall profitability [22][23]. - Recommendations include focusing on coking coal companies and large leading enterprises with dividend potential, such as China Coal and Shenhua, anticipating a significant rebound in the coking coal sector [22][23].

中经记者 何莎莎 北京报道 "反内卷"政策仍然在持续升温。 近期结束的中央政治局会议部署了一系列重要改革举措，包括"纵深推进全国统一大市场建设，推动市 场竞争秩序持续优化""依法依规治理企业无序竞争"等，凸显了国家已对这一现象予以充分重视。 在7月15日国新办发布会上，国家统计局回应了"反内卷"话题，表示"有关部门正在制定相关措施，进一 步加大市场秩序的规范治理"。7月1日中央财经委员会召开会议明确提出，要纵深推进全国统一大市场 建设，聚焦重点难点，依法依规治理企业低价无序竞争，引导企业提升产品品质，推动落后产能有序退 出。 从中央层面到部委层面政策加码的同时，多个行业也纷纷跟进"反内卷"。产业端，汽车、光伏、钢铁、 水泥等行业集中出台措施；金融行业，多地银行业、保险业协会发布"反内卷"自律公约。 与此同时，A股也掀起了"反内卷"主题行情。不少机构认为，这一主题有望成为接下来一段时间的主 线。"反内卷"行情背后的政策背景是什么？这一行情未来将如何发展？围绕一系列问题，《中国经营 报》触角"零观财经"与北京大学政府管理学院教授马亮、远东资信首席宏观研究员张林进行了访谈。 内卷现象冲击多个行业 内卷现象的愈演愈烈 ...