中国，作为全球第二大经济体，正面临着全球不确定性、内需疲软、地方财政困境等多重挑战。 尽管这些问题备受关注，但有一个群体却始终在默默支撑着中国经济，那就是农民。 温铁军，著名的农业经济学者，认为中国经济历经三次重大危机，每次都靠农民和农村的力量度过难关。 农民三次力挽狂澜，中国经济的"底牌"为何一直在农村？ 1949年新中国成立后，中国的经济面临着前所未有的困境。 虽然战争结束，但国家的财政几乎破产，城市的通货膨胀愈演愈烈。 此时，农民成为了中国经济的"救命稻草"。 新中国成立后，政府面对的是一片荒芜的经济局面。货币贬值严重，物价飞涨，市场完全失衡。 尤其是城市商品的价格飙升，政府急需找到解决办法。 然而，传统的经济学方法似乎并没有多大效果，而依赖农民的土地改革政策，成了一个关键的突破口。 1949年，土地改革政策顺利实施。农民获得了土地的所有权，开始大规模种植粮食、棉花等物资。 这一改革直接帮助稳定了粮食生产，保证了市场的供应。 同时，农民以土地为基础，将更多的生产物资投入市场，弥补了市场供应的不足。 粮食价格回落，城市物价逐渐得到控制，投机分子被打压回原形。 当时，政府通过大量增发货币来进行基础设施建设， ...

Core Insights - The article highlights the transformation of Nangou Village in Yan'an, which has evolved from a struggling community to a thriving rural revitalization model, primarily driven by the apple industry [2][6]. Economic Development - Nangou Village has seen its collective assets exceed 10 million, with per capita net income surpassing 20,000 yuan, showcasing significant economic growth [2]. - The village has developed 3,160 acres of modern apple orchards, utilizing advanced agricultural techniques such as dwarfing and precision irrigation [2]. Agricultural Innovation - The village's agricultural transformation is attributed to the "three changes" reform: turning resources into assets, capital into shares, and farmers into shareholders, which has created a robust agricultural foundation [2]. - The apple industry in Yan'an is supported by favorable natural conditions, with a planting area of 3.335 million acres, accounting for about one-ninth of the national total, and a fresh fruit output value reaching 27.1 billion yuan [6]. Industry Diversification - Nangou Village is expanding beyond basic apple cultivation by integrating new business models such as live-streaming sales and experiential tourism, which enhances revenue and attracts visitors [4]. - The village is transitioning from merely selling products to offering immersive experiences, thereby increasing its economic resilience and sustainability [4]. Cultural and Historical Context - The revitalization efforts in Nangou Village are deeply rooted in the revolutionary spirit of Yan'an, with local leaders actively engaging in community development and support initiatives [5]. - The combination of rich cultural heritage and modern agricultural practices is fostering a strong community identity and purpose [5]. Broader Implications - The success of Nangou Village serves as a microcosm of the broader rural revitalization efforts across China, reflecting the government's strategic focus on rural development and poverty alleviation [6][7]. - The narrative emphasizes the importance of innovation, cultural heritage, and community engagement in achieving sustainable rural development [7].

Core Viewpoint - The "Cadre Lecture Hall" initiative in Gansu's Dangchang County is significantly enhancing the capabilities and work ethic of local officials, driving high-quality development through knowledge sharing and practical engagement [1][2][3]. Group 1: Cadre Training and Development - The "Cadre Lecture Hall" combines education with practical work, focusing on implementing the spirit of the Central Eight Regulations and transforming learning outcomes into actionable efforts [2][3]. - Over 120 grassroots visits and discussions have identified over 1,000 issues, establishing a closed-loop mechanism for problem-solving that has shown initial success [3][11]. - The initiative has led to the organization of over 230 sessions, with more than 9,000 participants, contributing to the development of a high-quality cadre team [13]. Group 2: Community Engagement and Service - Cadres are encouraged to move beyond their offices to actively engage with the community, shifting from a passive to an active service model to address urgent public needs [2][3]. - The implementation of the "1234" work method has facilitated the collection and resolution of 3,575 public requests, achieving a completion rate of over 95% [12]. Group 3: Economic Development and Industry - Dangchang County is promoting diverse industries, including agriculture and tourism, to enhance local economic growth and community welfare [4][8]. - The county has invested 1.81 billion yuan in standardizing and improving 184 rural hospitality businesses, significantly boosting tourism revenue [8]. - The establishment of the "Dangchang Medicinal Herb Cloud Platform" has reduced transaction costs for farmers by over 12 million yuan, supporting the stability of the local medicinal herb industry [7]. Group 4: Infrastructure and Environmental Improvement - Significant investments have been made in rural infrastructure, including the construction of over 43,800 sanitary toilets and 220 kilometers of rural roads, improving living conditions [13]. - The county has implemented comprehensive environmental sanitation measures, enhancing the overall rural landscape and promoting better living habits among residents [13].