（原标题：人民大学论坛：推动"一带一路"高质量发展是"统筹两个大局"的重要抓手） 中国人民大学经济学院副院长于泽将"两个大局"视角转向国内经济。他提出，当前中国经济面临的"内 卷式竞争"，其核心是供需错配，即生产强而需求弱；在需求端存在着内需不足、外需"以价换量"、房 地产后周期疲软等问题，而在供给端则呈现行业集中度提升、技术扩散加快、"资产荒"等问题。破解这 一困境需要依托国内国际双循环，关键在于统筹有效市场和有为政府，于泽建议，当前需要从"增量逻 辑"转向"存量优化"，完善城市更新等存量调整工具，在市场层面梳理激励机制，解决治理体系中"激励 不兼容"问题，实现国内外资源高效联动。 中国人民大学中国经济改革与发展研究院院长孙浦阳指出，统筹发展与安全需重点把握三大政策目标： 一是推进人民币国际化，当前人民币已成为第四大支付货币，有利于中国提升全球资产定价话语权、削 弱美元周期影响；二是维持国际收支平衡，既要保持货物贸易顺差合理区间，也要关注服务贸易逆差， 尤其是强化知识产权、金融等高端服务贸易；三是守住外债安全底线，尽管当前中国外债风险可控，但 需加强重点企业、行业外债监控，扩大本币外债占比；世界经济"东升西 ...

Core Insights - The article emphasizes the significance of Xi Jinping's leadership in formulating the "1985-2000 Xiamen Economic and Social Development Strategy," which laid a long-term vision for Xiamen's sustainable development and serves as a model for China's broader modernization efforts [1][9]. Group 1: Long-term Planning and Strategic Vision - The strategy was one of the first long-term economic plans by a local government in China, spanning 15 years and focusing on comprehensive development [1][9]. - Xi Jinping highlighted the importance of long-term considerations and a holistic approach in modern economic construction, warning against short-sightedness [2][3]. - The strategy aimed to position Xiamen as a key economic center and gateway in Southeast China, reflecting a clear and precise development orientation [5][6]. Group 2: Historical Context and Development Milestones - In 1985, the expansion of the Xiamen Economic Zone marked a pivotal moment, with Xi Jinping taking on significant roles in its early development [2][3]. - The development strategy included specific goals for various sectors, such as trade, tourism, and finance, and emphasized the need for a robust port infrastructure [6][26]. - By 2024, Xiamen's GDP had grown at an average annual rate of 13.8%, showcasing the effectiveness of the strategic planning [9]. Group 3: Innovation and Reform - The article discusses the innovative measures taken in Xiamen, such as the establishment of a streamlined administrative structure and the promotion of a market-oriented economy [23][24]. - Xiamen has been a pioneer in implementing reforms, including tax and financial system innovations, which have set precedents for other regions [23][24]. - The strategy's emphasis on technological advancement has led to the development of high-tech industries, contributing to Xiamen's transformation into an innovation-driven economy [26][27]. Group 4: Community Engagement and Public Participation - The strategy involved extensive public consultation and engagement, reflecting a commitment to incorporating community insights into planning processes [10][16]. - Xi Jinping's approach to governance emphasized the importance of grassroots input in shaping policies, which has become a hallmark of China's governance model [17][34]. - The ongoing "Fifteen Five" planning process continues to seek public contributions, demonstrating a sustained commitment to participatory governance [10][34].