中国社会保障学会秘书长、中国人民大学教授鲁全告诉《知识分子》，一方面要扩大社会保险制度的覆 盖面，另一方面也要持续优化社会保险制度，尤其是逐步降低社会保险的缴费水平。 2025年8月1日，最高人民法院发布《关于审理劳动争议案件适用法律问题的解释（二）》，自2025年9 月1日起实行。根据《解释二》，用人单位与劳动者约定或者劳动者向用人单位承诺不缴纳社会保险费 的，该约定或者承诺无效。[1] 这个关于劳动纠纷的司法解释，被大众解读为一项日趋收紧的"社保新规"。 一石激起千层浪。 在实际的就业市场里，企业和员工双方"达成一致"约定放弃社保，或仅按最低缴费基数缴费的现象普遍 存在。据《中国企业社保白皮书2024》的调研，2024年在社保缴纳基数上完全合规的企业仅占28.4%， 约七成企业存在不缴或少缴的问题。[2] 若强化社保征管，中、小微企业担心大幅增加用工成本，不少年轻的劳动者们也并不完全领情。与此同 时，依托互联网平台工作的新就业形态劳动者的社保缴纳问题，持续处于风口浪尖。 "最终的问题不应该是'是否缴纳社保'，而是如何在保障劳动者权益和支持企业发展之间实现平衡。" 最高法为何在此时发布这项"社保新规"？它是 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the articles emphasizes the unique ecological value transformation model of the Qinling Mountains, which is characterized by a "local deep cultivation + remote radiation" dual-track approach [1][3] - The report highlights that from 2019 to 2024, the per capita disposable income growth rate of urban and rural residents in the six cities of Shaanxi Province related to the Qinling region has consistently exceeded the national average [1] - The ecological protection of the Qinling Mountains is not only significant for Shaanxi but also for the ecological protection of the entire region along the South-to-North Water Diversion project, involving six provinces and one municipality [1][2] Group 2 - The report indicates a shift in the ecological protection strategy of the Qinling region from "relying on the mountains for sustenance" to "nurturing the mountains for wealth," reflecting a more systematic and intelligent approach to ecological restoration [2] - In December 2023, a memorandum for strengthening cross-regional ecological protection cooperation in the Qinling area was signed, establishing a joint meeting system for ecological protection collaboration [2] - The ecological environment quality in the Shaanxi section of the Qinling Mountains is reported to have an excellent rating area proportion of 99.3% and an ecological quality index of 82.22 for 2024 [3] Group 3 - The articles assert that protecting the ecological environment equates to protecting productivity, and improving the ecological environment contributes to the development of productivity [3] - Future strategies for the Qinling region should focus on building a transformation chain of "external support - internal motivation," promoting localized ecological protection technology and industry integration [3] - Emphasis is placed on investing in people and transitioning from an "ecological-based" approach to a "human-centered" approach, ensuring that the benefits of ecological protection reach every group [3]

Core Viewpoint - The Japanese government is implementing a nationwide social security fee, termed as "child-rearing support fund," to address the severe declining birth rate, rather than a tax specifically targeting single individuals [1][3]. Group 1: Population Crisis - Japan's birth rate has reached a historic low of 1.2, with only 758,600 births in 2023, significantly below the 2.1 needed to maintain population levels [1][3]. - The National Institute of Population and Social Security Research had predicted that the birth rate would fall below 760,000 by 2035, but this milestone was reached 12 years earlier than expected [1][3]. Group 2: Financial Implications - By 2028, the government plans to allocate 3.6 trillion yen annually for measures against declining birth rates, with 1 trillion yen sourced from the child-rearing support fund [3]. - The fee structure is income-based, with individuals earning 2 million yen paying 2,400 yen in 2026, increasing to 4,200 yen by 2028, while those earning over 10 million yen will pay 12,000 yen in 2026 and 19,800 yen in 2028 [3]. Group 3: Social Equity Concerns - The policy has sparked debates over social equity, as families with children can receive various subsidies, while single individuals or childless couples bear the financial burden without compensation [3][5]. - Over 60% of respondents oppose the policy, particularly younger individuals who feel it unfairly shifts the financial responsibility of child-rearing onto them [5]. Group 4: Structural Changes in Society - The lifelong unmarried rate has surged, with over 25% of men and nearly 20% of women choosing to remain single, reflecting a significant societal shift [5]. - Factors such as unstable income, high housing costs, and work pressure deter young people from marriage and childbearing, indicating that economic incentives alone may not suffice to encourage higher birth rates [5][6]. Group 5: Policy Implementation Challenges - The policy is viewed as a wealth redistribution mechanism, transferring resources from childless individuals to families with children, which may create adverse incentives [7]. - Concerns exist regarding the effective use of funds for child-rearing support and the potential for misuse or inefficiency in the implementation of the policy [7]. Group 6: Long-term Considerations - The policy may exacerbate societal divisions between single individuals and families, highlighting the tension between personal choice and collective societal interests [9]. - A comprehensive approach addressing systemic issues such as housing affordability, job stability, and educational burdens is essential for effectively tackling the declining birth rate [9].