外交部驻港公署特派员崔建春在会上表示，中国经济将为世界提供更多发展机遇、优良营商环境、广阔 创新舞台和绿色发展条件。香港和澳门既有国家的坚实支持，又与世界其他地区保持紧密联系，要进一 步发挥这些独特优势与重要作用。应巩固和提升香港国际金融、航运、贸易中心地位，支持香港建设国 际创新科技中心，亦要支持港澳打造国际高端人才集聚高地。 新华社香港11月12日电 外交部驻港特派员公署12日举办中国共产党二十届四中全会精神专题宣介会。 出席活动的外国驻港领团及商会人士在会后表示，"十五五"规划建议中对香港发展的角色与定位科学精 准、具有前瞻性，尤其是关于香港巩固和提升三大中心地位的战略指引，让外国驻港人士深切感受到发 展机遇、看好香港的发展。 香港新西兰商会主席卫德云认为，中国"十五五"规划建议为持续发展、创新突破与民生改善指明了路 径。香港凭借自身独特优势，完全有能力深度参与规划实施、助力目标落地，尤其可发挥在金融服务、 航空海运、高校科研等领域的专长。他向新华社记者表示，香港、澳门在参与粤港澳大湾区建设的同 时，可借助大湾区进一步辐射更广阔的内地。（记者王昕怡） 南非驻港总领事莫宏飞会后表示，中国"十五五"时期聚焦 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of deepening the fiscal and tax system reform in China as a fundamental requirement for achieving high-quality development and advancing the modernization of the country [2][3][4]. Group 1: Significance of Fiscal and Tax Reform - Deepening fiscal and tax system reform is crucial for modernizing the national governance system and enhancing governance capabilities [2]. - The reform is seen as a key measure to address the changing social contradictions and the increasing public demand for economic efficiency, green development, social equity, and regional balance [3][4]. - The establishment of a modern fiscal system is essential for ensuring stable financial support for government activities and optimizing resource allocation [2][3]. Group 2: Economic Context and Challenges - China's GDP for 2024 is projected to be 134.91 trillion yuan, with the secondary and tertiary industries accounting for 36.5% and 56.7% of GDP, respectively [3]. - The fiscal system faces challenges such as income distribution disparities and the need for a more equitable tax system to support common prosperity [6]. - The aging population is expected to reach 22% by the end of 2024, necessitating adjustments in the fiscal operation model to accommodate demographic changes [6]. Group 3: Principles for Reform - The reform should enhance fiscal sustainability, ensuring stable revenue to support necessary government expenditures [7]. - Improving economic efficiency is vital, with a focus on reducing resource misallocation and promoting high-quality economic development [7]. - Maintaining social equity through tax system optimization and increased investment in education, healthcare, and social security is essential [8]. Group 4: Key Focus Areas for Implementation - Establishing a comprehensive, transparent, and scientifically standardized budget system is critical for effective governance and resource allocation [9]. - Reforming the tax system to adapt to new economic realities, including the digital economy, is necessary for maintaining fiscal health [10]. - Strengthening the fiscal relationship between central and local governments to alleviate financial pressures on local authorities is a priority [11].

Core Insights - The book "Guarding Health: The Construction of Public Health Systems in New York City (1866-1920)" provides a comprehensive analysis of public health reforms in New York City during rapid urbanization, highlighting the city's response to health crises and the evolution of public health governance [1][3][21] Summary by Sections Book Overview - The book, authored by Professor Li Jing, spans nearly 300,000 words and systematically analyzes public health reforms in New York City from 1866 to 1920, revealing the impact of urbanization on public health [1][3] - It emphasizes the establishment of modern governmental responsibilities for public health and the reconstruction of societal understanding of public health [3] Academic Contributions - The book shifts the research perspective from traditional medical history to governance history, detailing the evolution of the public health system amid urbanization [4] - It identifies three significant contributions: the creation of a government-led public health governance model, the establishment of a shared social responsibility for health, and the formation of a cross-class public health community [3][4] Methodology and Analysis - The research employs a "shock-response" model to analyze the construction of public health systems, illustrating how crises prompted both elite and public responses [7] - The book critiques the simplistic narratives of public health history, emphasizing the political compromises and conflicts that shaped public health governance [4][5] Historical Context - The period from 1866 to 1920 is framed as a critical transition for New York City, moving from a "death city" plagued by epidemics to a pioneer of modern public health [12] - The book discusses the interplay between public health and political power, highlighting the struggles among various stakeholders, including doctors, politicians, and community activists [12][21] Suggestions for Further Research - Several scholars suggest expanding the research to include comparative studies with other cities and historical contexts to enhance the understanding of New York's unique public health developments [4][5][8] - The need for a more detailed exploration of the role of sanitation laboratories and the impact of public health reforms on different social classes is also highlighted [10][12] Conclusion - The discussions at the seminar underscore the book's significance in understanding public health as a collective societal commitment rather than merely an individual right, reflecting its relevance to contemporary public health issues [21]

乌兹别克斯坦总统：乌贫困率降至6.6% 愿以自身经验助力全球减贫 中新网阿斯塔纳11月5日电 乌兹别克斯坦总统米尔济约耶夫当地时间4日在卡塔尔多哈出席第二届社会 发展世界峰会时表示，近年来乌方通过持续改革，将国内贫困率从35%降至6.6%，愿以自身经验为全球 减贫与社会公平事业作出贡献。 米尔济约耶夫指出，乌兹别克斯坦正致力于建设福利国家，通过完善社会保障体系、扩大教育与就业机 会、加强对弱势群体的支持等举措，持续改善人民生活水平，促进社会包容性发展。 编辑：万可义 广告等商务合作，请点击这里 本文为转载内容，授权事宜请联系原著作权人 中新经纬版权所有，未经书面授权，任何单位及个人不得转载、摘编或以其它方式使用。 关注中新经纬微信公众号(微信搜索"中新经纬"或"jwview")，看更多精彩财经资讯。 他表示，当今世界仍存在贫困和发展不平衡等突出问题，需要国际社会加强合作，推动共同发展。乌方 倡议设立"全球社会公平基金"，为发展中国家的减贫与社会项目提供支持，并推动建立新的国际金融机 制，助力实现可持续发展目标。 米尔济约耶夫呼吁加强在教育、劳动保障和移民保护等领域的合作，推动科技进步与就业政策协调发 展。他提 ...

Core Viewpoint - The response from the Shandong Lanling County Business Bureau addresses a proposal from political advisors to encourage public servants' consumption to stimulate economic growth, outlining measures to enhance disposable income, shift consumption attitudes, ensure social equity, and address policy limitations [1][4][5]. Group 1: Income and Consumption Attitudes - The Business Bureau plans to explore a wage growth mechanism that aligns with economic development, considering performance and regional differences to gradually increase public servants' disposable income [4]. - To change conservative consumption attitudes among public servants, the Bureau will implement consumption education and create practical consumption scenarios through cultural and tourism activities [4]. Group 2: Social Equity - The Bureau emphasizes fairness in consumption stimulus policies, avoiding special treatment for public servants, and aims for policies that benefit a broader population, including farmers and low-income groups [4]. Group 3: Policy Limitations and Economic Recovery - The Bureau has developed the "Implementation Plan for Boosting Consumption" tailored to local conditions, focusing on key sectors such as culture, tourism, and e-commerce, while also addressing housing and healthcare [5]. - The county's economic indicators show a mixed performance, with a GDP of 37.25 billion yuan in 2024, a 3% increase year-on-year, and a retail sales total of 15.95 billion yuan, reflecting a 6.5% growth [7].

Core Viewpoint - The "15th Five-Year Plan" emphasizes the importance of proactive fiscal policy to support economic growth, with a focus on precision and efficiency in implementation [1][2][8]. Fiscal Policy Support for Economic Development - The necessity for enhanced fiscal policy support during the "15th Five-Year Plan" is highlighted, particularly to maintain an average annual GDP growth rate of at least 4.5% to achieve long-term strategic goals by 2035 [2][3]. - The fiscal policy aims to address challenges such as population decline, economic restructuring, and external pressures by increasing spending and optimizing expenditure [2][3]. Investment in Key Areas - Significant investment is required in critical sectors such as modern industrial systems, technological self-reliance, and green transformation, which necessitates substantial public investment led by fiscal policy [3][4]. - Fiscal funding is essential to fill investment gaps and leverage private capital through risk-sharing mechanisms [3]. Expanding Domestic Demand - The strategy emphasizes expanding domestic demand as a strategic foundation, requiring fiscal measures to enhance consumer confidence and investment willingness [4][5]. - Fiscal policy will focus on optimizing spending and improving social security to stabilize expectations and promote a dynamic balance between supply and demand [4]. Promoting Social Equity - The plan aims to advance common prosperity through fiscal measures that address income distribution and enhance social welfare systems [5][6]. - Fiscal policy will play a crucial role in reducing disparities and ensuring equitable resource allocation [5]. Addressing Uncertainties - The fiscal policy must maintain necessary spending levels to counteract increasing uncertainties and risks, including economic downturns and external shocks [6][7]. - A proactive fiscal approach is essential to provide a stable foundation for economic and social development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" [6][7]. Focus Areas for Fiscal Policy - The fiscal policy will maintain a proactive stance, with an expected deficit rate of 3.8% to 4.0%, potentially rising to over 4.2% during significant shocks [8][9]. - Annual issuance of long-term special bonds is projected at around 1.5 trillion yuan, targeting key areas such as technological innovation and social welfare [9][10]. Deepening Fiscal and Tax Reforms - The plan includes reforms to enhance fiscal sustainability and clarify the fiscal relationship between central and local governments [10][11]. - Measures will be taken to improve local tax systems and reduce reliance on land finance, while also addressing local government debt issues [10][11]. Managing Local Government Debt - The strategy outlines a phased approach to resolving existing local government debt, with an annual issuance of special bonds estimated between 4.5 trillion to 5 trillion yuan [11]. - Efforts will focus on categorizing and managing debt risks while enhancing local fiscal capabilities [11].

Core Viewpoint - The urgency to increase "investment in people" is growing, despite high levels of current social spending, as it is essential for long-term economic stability and growth [1][3]. Group 1: Investment in People - "Investment in people" focuses on promoting comprehensive human development through increased funding in education, healthcare, skills training, and social security [2][4]. - The goal is to enhance national quality and development capabilities, allowing individuals to realize their potential on a broader stage [2]. Group 2: Social Structure Changes - The deepening of population aging and the trend of "low birth rates" raise higher demands for pension and healthcare services [3]. - Urbanization continues to advance, highlighting the needs of new citizens and youth in housing, education, and employment [3]. Group 3: Economic Development Transition - China's economy is shifting from reliance on investment and exports to a focus on domestic demand and innovation [3]. - Increased social spending can stabilize employment, raise income levels, and strengthen social security, thereby enhancing consumer capacity and willingness [3]. Group 4: Promoting Social Equity - There are still significant disparities in public services across regions, urban-rural areas, and different demographic groups [4]. - Optimizing the structure of social spending to target underdeveloped areas and vulnerable groups is crucial for reducing development gaps and promoting social equity [4]. Group 5: Future Directions - Future social spending should not only increase in volume but also improve in precision, effectiveness, and sustainability [4]. - Key areas include upgrading public services, deepening human capital investment, and addressing social service shortfalls in rural and underdeveloped regions [4].

Core Viewpoint - Venezuela is emphasizing its sovereignty and peace in response to external pressures, particularly criticizing the U.S. military presence in the Caribbean as a form of colonialism [1] Group 1: Government Actions and Statements - Venezuelan Defense Minister Padrino Lopez highlighted the need to confront external pressures with a stance of sovereignty and peace, specifically targeting U.S. military deployments in the Caribbean [1] - President Maduro called on citizens to participate in commemorative marches, stressing the importance of remembering the strength and wisdom of indigenous peoples while reaffirming commitments to decolonization and social equity [1] - The Bolivarian National Armed Forces (FANB) paid tribute to indigenous leaders on the commemorative day and reiterated their opposition to U.S. military presence in the Caribbean, labeling it a "reiteration of colonial methods" [1] Group 2: U.S.-Venezuela Relations - Relations between Venezuela and the U.S. have been increasingly tense, particularly since early September when the U.S. deployed multiple warships near Venezuela under the pretext of combating drug trafficking in Latin America [1] - President Maduro accused the U.S. of attempting to instigate regime change in Venezuela through military threats and expanding its military presence in Latin America [1]

Core Viewpoint - The book "The Spirit Level" argues that income inequality significantly impacts social quality in wealthy countries, suggesting that more equal societies tend to be healthier, happier, and more trusting [2][5]. Group 1: Key Findings from "The Spirit Level" - The book presents numerous scatter plots linking the Gini coefficient of income inequality with various indicators such as health, crime, education, and trust across over 20 developed countries, with the U.S. often at the extreme of inequality [5]. - It became a focal point in public policy discussions, with leftist parties using it to advocate for redistribution and welfare expansion, while some conservative think tanks criticized its methodology [5][6]. Group 2: Critiques and Limitations - Over a decade later, the book is seen as a product of its time, with critiques highlighting its exaggeration of the correlation between inequality and social outcomes, and its failure to consider the structural and geopolitical conditions that allow for equality [6][9]. - The methodology has been criticized for relying heavily on cross-national correlations to draw causal conclusions, with cultural and historical factors potentially influencing the observed outcomes [7]. Group 3: The Nordic Model - Supporters often cite Nordic countries as examples of how equality leads to prosperity and happiness, but this overlooks the historical and structural factors that contribute to their success, such as social homogeneity and resource wealth [8][9]. - The notion that equality can be achieved universally is challenged, as wealth creation is a prerequisite for meaningful equality, making it more of a luxury available to a select few [9][10]. Group 4: Security and Global Context - The security provided by the U.S. has allowed many OECD countries to invest in social welfare rather than defense, which is a critical factor often ignored in discussions about equality [10][11]. - The prosperity and equality seen in developed nations are largely built on the American-led world order, suggesting that these conditions are not easily replicable elsewhere [11][12]. Group 5: Policy Implications - Governments often use equality as a slogan in response to crises rather than as a core policy goal, indicating a lack of commitment to making equality a measurable objective [12][13]. - The book highlights that extreme inequality has social costs, but the leap from correlation to causation and the generalization from a small sample of developed countries face significant challenges [13][14].

Group 1: Government Efficiency and Infrastructure - Elon Musk's resignation from the "Government Efficiency Department" highlights inefficiencies and waste within the U.S. government, which he claims is plagued by bureaucracy and collusion with interest groups [1] - Musk's experience in trying to implement efficient practices from Silicon Valley into the bureaucratic system resulted in significant delays, exemplified by the stalled Hyperloop project compared to China's rapid high-speed rail expansion [1] - The average time for U.S. infrastructure projects to complete environmental assessments and permitting is 7 to 10 years, indicating systemic inefficiencies [1] Group 2: Military Aid and Defense Industry - U.S. military aid to Ukraine has not translated into timely equipment delivery, with reports of missing arms and equipment, raising concerns about the accountability of defense spending [3][5] - The Pentagon's "loss rate" theory has been criticized for justifying the continuous supply of weapons while obscuring the actual waste and mismanagement of funds [5] Group 3: Economic Inequality and Labor Issues - Musk criticized the disparity in wages between American workers and high-level executives, revealing a significant wealth gap where the top 1% holds 40% of the nation's wealth [7] - The phenomenon of "working poverty" persists despite a low unemployment rate, as many workers struggle with stagnant wages and rising living costs [7] Group 4: Healthcare and Education - The privatized healthcare system in the U.S. leaves 28 million people uninsured, contributing to a lower life expectancy compared to other countries [10] - Rising college tuition has led to significant student debt burdens for families, exacerbating economic inequality [10] Group 5: Systemic Issues and Calls for Reform - Musk's revelations point to deeper systemic issues in the U.S., where public resources are controlled by interest groups, and labor rights are undermined by capital [15] - The need for a fundamental restructuring of the system is emphasized, as current policies favor a small elite at the expense of the broader population [15]