在全球竞争日趋激烈、新一轮科技革命与产业变革加速演进的背景下，如何加强关键核心技术和前沿技 术攻关，推进科技创新和产业创新深度融合，推动科技成果产业化应用，是当前亟须深入探讨的课题。 企业是推动创新创造的生力军，是科技和经济紧密结合的重要力量，应加快落实企业创新主体地位，充 分发挥好企业"出题人""答题人""阅卷人"作用。当前，在现有业绩考核机制下国企对于不确定性大、投 入周期长的原始创新积极性不高，民企在重大科技任务中的参与度和话语权不足，外企与本土创新体系 的深度融合也需进一步提升。建议推动更多企业公平参与重大科技创新活动，提升企业在科技项目形 成、组织和资金配置等方面的参与度和话语权，让企业成为参与决策、任务实施、风险承担和受益主 体。出台企业牵头组建创新联合体制度，推动校企院企在突破底层技术、开展基础研究等方面开展长期 合作，建立科技成果"谁使用谁评价"机制，让企业更好扮演技术需求提出者、产学研用牵头者和创新成 果评价者角色。以激发原始创新活力、提高创新策源能力为目标，建立健全企业经费投入、考核评价、 宽容失败、激励创新等机制。 （作者为全国政协委员、中国航发商用航空发动机有限责任公司副总经理） （文 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese government is significantly increasing its financial support for technological innovation during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, with a focus on enhancing the integration of technology and industry to achieve high-quality development [3][4]. Financial Investment - National fiscal science and technology expenditure is expected to reach 5.5 trillion yuan during the "14th Five-Year Plan," representing a 34% increase compared to the "13th Five-Year Plan." Key areas of investment include basic research, applied basic research, and national strategic technology tasks [3][4]. - Cumulative investment in basic research is projected to reach 730 billion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 12.3%. The intensity of R&D investment is expected to rise from 2.41% at the end of the "13th Five-Year Plan" to 2.68% by 2024, maintaining the second-largest scale of R&D investment globally [3][4]. Funding Management - The government is exploring new management models for science and technology funding, granting scientists greater autonomy in deciding technical routes, budget allocation, and resource management. For instance, a "package system" is being implemented for basic research projects, allowing project leaders to determine fund usage [3][4]. Technology Transfer - Policies have been adjusted to ensure that researchers enjoy ownership or long-term usage rights of their technological achievements, enabling them to share in the benefits of technology transfer. The government is also innovating procurement systems to guide product innovation and application [4]. - The introduction of insurance compensation policies for first-time products is aimed at promoting the iterative upgrade of innovative products, facilitating the transition from laboratory results to market-ready products [4]. Empowering Enterprises - The government has introduced various fiscal and tax policies to support enterprises in reducing costs, expanding applications, and upgrading transformations. Since the beginning of the "14th Five-Year Plan," fiscal subsidies for specialized and innovative small and medium-sized enterprises have supported the cultivation of 14,600 such "little giant" companies [4]. - Cumulative tax reductions and exemptions aimed at promoting technological innovation and advanced manufacturing have reached 3.6 trillion yuan, while government-backed financing guarantees have supported over 300,000 small and medium-sized technology enterprises in obtaining approximately 800 billion yuan in loans, with average guarantee fees dropping below 1% [5].

企业的创新主体地位首先体现在坚持企业出题与政府定题的联动上。为确保项目既贴近企业技术痛 点，又契合成都重点发展的领域和方向，在前期项目指南编制阶段，成都市科学技术局会同相关产业 （行业）部门梳理并确定拟重点支持的领域和方向，面向区（市）县科技主管部门或社会发布科技需求 征集通知。"之后，成都市科学技术局会同相关产业（行业）部门、需求提出代表企业（单位）、有关 专家，对征集到的科技需求进行梳理，经充分论证咨询后，形成前期项目指南。"成都市科学技术局相 关负责人介绍。 企业的创新主体地位还体现在项目组织阶段，企业的"答题人"权益上。《管理办法》赋予企业对所 申报项目的技术路线制定权、攻关任务分解权、参与单位决定权和项目资金分配权，并规定以科技成果 产品化、工程化、产业化为目标任务的项目，原则上应采用企业主导的产学研合作方式组织实施。"这 进一步保障了企业'答题人'的权益。"成都市科学技术局相关负责人进一步解释，"指南申报时长不少于 15个工作日"充分保证企业具有充足的"答题"时间。 为激发科研人员的创造性和创新活力，近日，成都市科学技术局、成都市财政局修订并印发《成都 市科技计划项目管理办法》（下称《管理办法》） ...

工信部科技司副司长甘小斌在"中国经济圆桌会"节目中表示，要强化企业创新主体地位。 新华社音视频部制作 【纠错】 【责任编辑:王佳宁】 ...

Core Insights - The article highlights Shenzhen's strong emphasis on enterprise-driven innovation, showcasing the city's ability to produce significant technological advancements through local companies [2][5][10] Group 1: Innovation Achievements - Huawei showcased its Ascend 384 super node at the World Artificial Intelligence Conference, achieving the industry's largest-scale 384-card high-speed bus interconnection, enhancing resource scheduling efficiency [1] - Shenzhen's enterprises, such as the humanoid robot from Stardust Intelligent, demonstrate advanced capabilities, including high-speed and precision performance in various applications [2] - The city is home to over 2,600 AI companies, with notable models like Huawei's Pangu and Tencent's comprehensive technology architecture supporting a wide range of AI applications [3] Group 2: R&D Investment - Shenzhen's high-tech enterprises have reached 25,000, with an average density of 12 per square kilometer, the highest in the country [5][10] - In 2024, Huawei's R&D investment was 179.7 billion yuan, accounting for 20.8% of its revenue, while Tencent invested 70.7 billion yuan, focusing on AI and cloud computing [6] - Shenzhen leads the nation in PCT international patent applications for 20 consecutive years, with enterprises contributing 76% of the city's applications [6] Group 3: Industrial Support - Shenzhen boasts a complete industrial chain, enabling rapid assembly and production, such as assembling a 3D printer in 2 minutes and producing drones from concept to mass production in 3 months [8][10] - The city has transformed its traditional electronics market into an innovation incubator, providing comprehensive supply chain services for hardware entrepreneurs [8] - The collaborative environment in Shenzhen allows for efficient innovation, with market demands directly guiding R&D efforts [8]