在全球竞争日趋激烈、新一轮科技革命与产业变革加速演进的背景下，如何加强关键核心技术和前沿技 术攻关，推进科技创新和产业创新深度融合，推动科技成果产业化应用，是当前亟须深入探讨的课题。 企业是推动创新创造的生力军，是科技和经济紧密结合的重要力量，应加快落实企业创新主体地位，充 分发挥好企业"出题人""答题人""阅卷人"作用。当前，在现有业绩考核机制下国企对于不确定性大、投 入周期长的原始创新积极性不高，民企在重大科技任务中的参与度和话语权不足，外企与本土创新体系 的深度融合也需进一步提升。建议推动更多企业公平参与重大科技创新活动，提升企业在科技项目形 成、组织和资金配置等方面的参与度和话语权，让企业成为参与决策、任务实施、风险承担和受益主 体。出台企业牵头组建创新联合体制度，推动校企院企在突破底层技术、开展基础研究等方面开展长期 合作，建立科技成果"谁使用谁评价"机制，让企业更好扮演技术需求提出者、产学研用牵头者和创新成 果评价者角色。以激发原始创新活力、提高创新策源能力为目标，建立健全企业经费投入、考核评价、 宽容失败、激励创新等机制。 （作者为全国政协委员、中国航发商用航空发动机有限责任公司副总经理） （文 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese government is significantly increasing its financial support for technological innovation during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, with a focus on enhancing the integration of technology and industry to achieve high-quality development [3][4]. Financial Investment - National fiscal science and technology expenditure is expected to reach 5.5 trillion yuan during the "14th Five-Year Plan," representing a 34% increase compared to the "13th Five-Year Plan." Key areas of investment include basic research, applied basic research, and national strategic technology tasks [3][4]. - Cumulative investment in basic research is projected to reach 730 billion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 12.3%. The intensity of R&D investment is expected to rise from 2.41% at the end of the "13th Five-Year Plan" to 2.68% by 2024, maintaining the second-largest scale of R&D investment globally [3][4]. Funding Management - The government is exploring new management models for science and technology funding, granting scientists greater autonomy in deciding technical routes, budget allocation, and resource management. For instance, a "package system" is being implemented for basic research projects, allowing project leaders to determine fund usage [3][4]. Technology Transfer - Policies have been adjusted to ensure that researchers enjoy ownership or long-term usage rights of their technological achievements, enabling them to share in the benefits of technology transfer. The government is also innovating procurement systems to guide product innovation and application [4]. - The introduction of insurance compensation policies for first-time products is aimed at promoting the iterative upgrade of innovative products, facilitating the transition from laboratory results to market-ready products [4]. Empowering Enterprises - The government has introduced various fiscal and tax policies to support enterprises in reducing costs, expanding applications, and upgrading transformations. Since the beginning of the "14th Five-Year Plan," fiscal subsidies for specialized and innovative small and medium-sized enterprises have supported the cultivation of 14,600 such "little giant" companies [4]. - Cumulative tax reductions and exemptions aimed at promoting technological innovation and advanced manufacturing have reached 3.6 trillion yuan, while government-backed financing guarantees have supported over 300,000 small and medium-sized technology enterprises in obtaining approximately 800 billion yuan in loans, with average guarantee fees dropping below 1% [5].

Core Viewpoint - The revised "Management Measures for Chengdu Science and Technology Plan Projects" emphasizes the role of enterprises as the main body of innovation throughout the project lifecycle, from proposal to evaluation and acceptance [1][2][3] Group 1: Project Guidelines and Organization - The Chengdu Science and Technology Bureau collaborates with relevant industry departments to identify key support areas and issues based on enterprise technology pain points and the city's development priorities [2] - Enterprises are granted rights in the project organization phase, including the authority to determine technical routes, decompose tasks, decide on participating units, and allocate project funds [2] Group 2: Project Evaluation and Acceptance - In the evaluation and acceptance phase, enterprises play a significant role as evaluators, participating in project assessments and ensuring that results meet real-world needs [3] - Projects that adhere to market evaluation standards and meet policy requirements can receive direct support after fulfilling necessary review procedures [3]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the need to strengthen the role of enterprises as the main body of innovation [1] Group 2 - The statement was made by Gan Xiaobin, Deputy Director of the Science and Technology Department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, during the "China Economic Roundtable" program [1]

Core Insights - The article highlights Shenzhen's strong emphasis on enterprise-driven innovation, showcasing the city's ability to produce significant technological advancements through local companies [2][5][10] Group 1: Innovation Achievements - Huawei showcased its Ascend 384 super node at the World Artificial Intelligence Conference, achieving the industry's largest-scale 384-card high-speed bus interconnection, enhancing resource scheduling efficiency [1] - Shenzhen's enterprises, such as the humanoid robot from Stardust Intelligent, demonstrate advanced capabilities, including high-speed and precision performance in various applications [2] - The city is home to over 2,600 AI companies, with notable models like Huawei's Pangu and Tencent's comprehensive technology architecture supporting a wide range of AI applications [3] Group 2: R&D Investment - Shenzhen's high-tech enterprises have reached 25,000, with an average density of 12 per square kilometer, the highest in the country [5][10] - In 2024, Huawei's R&D investment was 179.7 billion yuan, accounting for 20.8% of its revenue, while Tencent invested 70.7 billion yuan, focusing on AI and cloud computing [6] - Shenzhen leads the nation in PCT international patent applications for 20 consecutive years, with enterprises contributing 76% of the city's applications [6] Group 3: Industrial Support - Shenzhen boasts a complete industrial chain, enabling rapid assembly and production, such as assembling a 3D printer in 2 minutes and producing drones from concept to mass production in 3 months [8][10] - The city has transformed its traditional electronics market into an innovation incubator, providing comprehensive supply chain services for hardware entrepreneurs [8] - The collaborative environment in Shenzhen allows for efficient innovation, with market demands directly guiding R&D efforts [8]