Core Viewpoint - The U.S. Vice President announced a significant decision to establish a "critical mineral price floor" and impose "adjustment tariffs" in collaboration with allies, aiming to challenge China's dominance in the global mineral market [3][5][6]. Group 1: Meeting Overview - The "critical minerals ministerial meeting" was convened in Washington, attended by representatives from 55 countries, including Germany, Brazil, India, and Japan, indicating a united front against China's market monopoly [3][5]. - The meeting focused on creating a new "critical mineral trade alliance" to ensure that mineral market prices are not controlled by a single country but managed collectively by alliance members [3][5]. Group 2: Strategic Implications - The U.S. government's policy shift reflects a strategic change from the previous administration's "America First" approach to a multilateral strategy in response to China's stronghold in the mineral sector [6][10]. - The establishment of a price floor aims to stabilize mineral prices, which is crucial for the U.S. economy and national security, particularly for industries like high-tech weapons, semiconductors, and electric vehicles [8][14]. Group 3: Japan's Role - Japan plays a critical role in this alliance due to its significant demand for essential minerals like rare earths and lithium, and it has expressed a strong commitment to countering China's influence [10][12]. - The collaboration between the U.S. and Japan in the mineral supply chain has been ongoing since 2025, focusing on joint resource development and risk-sharing [12]. Group 4: Challenges and Responses - The proposed alliance aims to reshape the global supply chain and ensure supply security for the U.S. and its allies, while also providing private financing support for member countries [14][16]. - China's response emphasizes its constructive role in maintaining global supply chain stability, despite facing increased external pressure from the U.S. and its allies [16][19].

特朗普政府2025年4月发动贸易战后，中国迅速打出反制组合拳，包括推出稀土出口管制措施。去年10 月，中美"贸易休战"缓解了美国围绕稀土的紧迫担忧，但华盛顿的决策者仍将解决本国关键矿产脆弱性 视为重中之重。 【文/观察者网 王恺雯】面对中国在关键矿产领域的碾压式优势，美国急于通过巨额投资、建立战略储 备和重塑供应链来削弱对华依赖，但现实却并不乐观。 《日经亚洲》2月18日刊文指出，美国想要松动中国在稀土领域的钳制，还面临"长达十年"的艰巨挑 战。 报道称，美国总统特朗普再次上台后，在稀土领域发起了一场激进的政策攻势，手段包括120亿美元的 关键矿产战略储备计划，以及建立排除中国的所谓"关键矿产贸易联盟"。 本月早些时候，华盛顿主办了首届关键矿产部长级会议，邀请包括韩国、日本、印度在内的50多个国家 参加，并签署了多项双边协议，旨在打造一个对中国依赖程度更低的供应链。 此外，在过去六个月里，白宫还宣布向该领域的私营企业提供超过300亿美元的投资与贷款承诺。 当地时间2026年2月2日，美国华盛顿，美国总统特朗普宣布建立关键矿产战略储备。 IC Photo 然而，专家们认为，美国最新的举措并不足以应对短期供应冲击 ...