农业作为重要的基础产业，其绿色转型不仅关系生态安全和资源可持续利用，也直接影响乡村振兴和共 同富裕目标的实现。在"双碳"目标背景下，农业绿色低碳转型正由单一的污染物排放控制，逐步转向兼 顾生态效益与经济效益的系统性变革。 作者单位：云南大学 云南花卉产业具备以低碳理念引领产业升级的结构性优势。云南是我国最大的鲜切花生产基地，花卉产 业已成为部分地区乡村经济的重要支柱。从碳排放结构看，花卉产业具有排放环节相对集中、管理节点 清晰的特点。设施生产、温控照明、水肥管理以及冷链物流等环节是花卉产业碳排放的主要来源。这种 结构特征，使其具备开展碳足迹核算和精细化减排管理的现实基础。同时，花卉产业附加值高、市场导 向明显，产品主要面向城市消费和国际市场，对品质标准和可持续理念的响应度较高，为降碳投入转化 为市场回报提供了空间。此外，云南花卉产业在龙头企业带动、产业组织化程度以及区域品牌建设等方 面已具备一定基础，为低碳理念的系统融入创造了良好条件。这些因素共同决定了花卉产业不仅是农业 低碳转型的重点领域，也具备率先探索路径、形成示范经验的条件。 碳足迹成为衔接低碳生产与市场溢价的关键纽带。推动降碳投入转化为品牌溢价，关键 ...

Core Insights - The conference focused on the green and low-carbon transformation of the agricultural and food systems in China, emphasizing the need for technological innovation to achieve food security and greenhouse gas reduction simultaneously [1][2] Group 1: Greenhouse Gas Emissions - Methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) are identified as the primary greenhouse gases emitted from rice cultivation and nitrogen fertilizer application [1] - China's methane emissions from rice peaked in 2017 and have gradually declined since then, while N2O emissions significantly decreased during the "13th Five-Year Plan" due to fertilizer reduction and efficiency improvement actions [1][2] Group 2: Key Technologies for Emission Reduction - Four key technologies for reducing methane emissions from rice cultivation were introduced: 1. Water-saving irrigation techniques to reduce anaerobic conditions [1] 2. Specialized fertilizers that include methane inhibitors and nitrification inhibitors to achieve synergistic reduction of CH4 and N2O [1] 3. Scientific straw return methods to prevent emissions spikes during flooding periods [1] 4. Breeding of high-yield, drought-resistant rice varieties to lower emission potential from the source [1] Group 3: Nitrous Oxide Reduction Strategies - The team validated several strategies for reducing N2O emissions in dryland farming, including nitrogen optimization, controlled-release fertilizers, integrated water and fertilizer management, and microbial agents [2] - It is estimated that through organic substitution, scientific straw return, nitrogen surplus control, and irrigation optimization, China's agricultural sector could achieve a reduction in emissions by 11% to 24% while ensuring food security [2] Group 4: Policy and Market Mechanisms - There is a call for strengthening the promotion of regionally applicable agricultural emission reduction technologies and improving the carbon emission accounting system [2] - A collaborative mechanism involving policy, technology, and market is essential for the successful implementation of green technologies, aiming for a win-win situation of high agricultural yield, ecological low-carbon development, and increased farmer income [2]