Core Insights - The conference focused on the green and low-carbon transformation of the agricultural and food systems in China, emphasizing the need for technological innovation to achieve food security and greenhouse gas reduction simultaneously [1][2] Group 1: Greenhouse Gas Emissions - Methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) are identified as the primary greenhouse gases emitted from rice cultivation and nitrogen fertilizer application [1] - China's methane emissions from rice peaked in 2017 and have gradually declined since then, while N2O emissions significantly decreased during the "13th Five-Year Plan" due to fertilizer reduction and efficiency improvement actions [1][2] Group 2: Key Technologies for Emission Reduction - Four key technologies for reducing methane emissions from rice cultivation were introduced: 1. Water-saving irrigation techniques to reduce anaerobic conditions [1] 2. Specialized fertilizers that include methane inhibitors and nitrification inhibitors to achieve synergistic reduction of CH4 and N2O [1] 3. Scientific straw return methods to prevent emissions spikes during flooding periods [1] 4. Breeding of high-yield, drought-resistant rice varieties to lower emission potential from the source [1] Group 3: Nitrous Oxide Reduction Strategies - The team validated several strategies for reducing N2O emissions in dryland farming, including nitrogen optimization, controlled-release fertilizers, integrated water and fertilizer management, and microbial agents [2] - It is estimated that through organic substitution, scientific straw return, nitrogen surplus control, and irrigation optimization, China's agricultural sector could achieve a reduction in emissions by 11% to 24% while ensuring food security [2] Group 4: Policy and Market Mechanisms - There is a call for strengthening the promotion of regionally applicable agricultural emission reduction technologies and improving the carbon emission accounting system [2] - A collaborative mechanism involving policy, technology, and market is essential for the successful implementation of green technologies, aiming for a win-win situation of high agricultural yield, ecological low-carbon development, and increased farmer income [2]