Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the significant changes in China's population structure, highlighting the increasing proportion of elderly individuals and the declining proportion of children, which poses new challenges for economic development and social governance during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period [1][4][9]. Population Structure Changes - The proportion of the population aged 0-14 is decreasing, while the proportion of those aged 65 and above is increasing, with 2024 statistics showing 15.81% for the younger group and 15.66% for the older group, indicating a near crossover [5][6]. - By 2024, 19 provinces will have over 14% of their population aged 65 and above, with some provinces like Liaoning and Shanghai exceeding 20% [4][5]. Regional Population Differentiation - The article notes a clear regional differentiation in population structure, with some provinces experiencing a high proportion of elderly individuals compared to children, while others have a higher proportion of children [8]. - For instance, Shanghai has a 65+ population proportion of 20.25% compared to 9.50% for the 0-14 age group, while provinces like Guangdong and Guizhou show a contrasting demographic profile [8]. New Population Issues - The article identifies new population issues such as negative population growth, low birth rates, aging, and regional population disparities that require a shift in population development strategies [9]. Population Service System - The article emphasizes the need to establish a comprehensive population service system covering all life stages, addressing marriage, childbirth, education, employment, healthcare, housing, and elderly care [11]. - Key tasks include promoting positive marriage and childbirth views, improving maternity insurance, and developing inclusive childcare services [11][12]. Utilizing Elderly Workforce - With the increase in life expectancy, optimizing the use of elderly human resources is crucial, as the average life expectancy in 2024 is projected to reach 79 years [14]. - The article suggests developing diverse job opportunities for older individuals and removing age restrictions in employment and social security policies [14][16]. Employment Training for the Elderly - There is a need to create a training system for elderly employment, focusing on digital skills and job readiness to enhance their employability [15]. - Community and family support systems should be established to facilitate intergenerational learning and skill development [15][16].

本文字数：1501，阅读时长大约3分钟 2025.11.12 作者 |第一财经 林靖 《中国统计年鉴2025》公布了2024年31个省份的人口出生率、死亡率和自然增长率数据。出生率方面， 2024年有14个省份的出生率高于全国平均水平（6.77‰），其中，共有10个省份人口出生率超过8‰， 分别是西藏、宁夏、贵州、青海、新疆、海南、广东、云南、广西和甘肃，主要位于西部地区和华南地 区。从人口自然增长率来看，11个省份2024年人口自然增长率保持正增长，主要是西部省份和东部沿海 省份，分别是西藏、宁夏、新疆、云南、广西、贵州、青海、广西、广东、北京和福建，人口自然正增 长省份比上一年增加了3个。 从数据来看，一些出生率比较高的省份，同时也是近三年来常住人口增长的地区。这些省份主要分布在 西部地区和华南沿海地区。 从人口迁徙趋势看，长三角、珠三角成为人口迁移流入的主要地区。一方面，我国人口仍在向长三角、 珠三角等发达地区集聚；另一方面，在各省域内部，中小城市、农村人口继续向中心城市流动。 根据第一财经记者统计，近三年常住人口增量前五的城市分别是合肥、贵阳、杭州、长沙和郑州。其 中，4个来自中西部的省会城市。 其中 ...