德国慕尼黑工业大学等机构科学家借助欧洲核子研究中心大型强子对撞机（LHC）的内部碰撞，揭示了 氘核及其反物质粒子形成的奥秘。研究表明，这些脆弱的原子核并非诞生于宇宙大爆炸之初的混沌状 态，而是源自冷却"火球"内"超短命"高能粒子的衰变。这一进展标志着人类向深入理解强核力前进了一 大步。相关成果发表于新一期《自然》杂志。 强核力是维系原子核内质子与中子结合的基本力量，是自然界中四种基本力之一。 在LHC内部，质子以接近光速的速度相互碰撞，重现了类似大爆炸后不久的极端环境，创造了独一无二 的高温高能条件，使科学家能从最微观层面探索物质本质，验证自然基本规律。 长期以来，科学家一直困惑：仅由一个质子和一个中子经强核力结合而成的氘核，为何能在如此高温下 存在？按理说，在极端条件下，这类轻原子核应瞬间瓦解，但实验却持续观测到它们的身影。 最新研究中，团队依托LHC上的大型离子对撞机实验（ALICE）发现：当寿命极短的高能粒子发生衰变 时，会释放出构成氘核等微小核所需的质子和中子。这些粒子一旦释放，便有机会结合形成氘核。同样 的机制也解释了反氘核等反物质的产生。数据显示，约90%观测到的（反）氘核均源于这一新发现的过 程 ...

Core Insights - Hungarian writer László Krasznahorkai has been awarded the 2025 Nobel Prize in Literature for his latest work, which vividly depicts the political atmosphere of a European town on the brink of collapse [1] Group 1: Literary Contributions - Krasznahorkai's early works, "The Melancholy of Resistance" and "War and War," published in Hungarian in 1989 and 1999 respectively, introduce readers to his unique narrative style and themes of collective anxiety and chaos [2] - His debut novel, "Satan's Tango," published in 1985, employs a tango-like mirrored structure and fragmented narrative, showcasing his distinctive language style that has attracted a growing English-speaking audience [4] - Recent works such as "Baron Wenckheim's Homecoming" and "Herscht 07769" continue to expand Krasznahorkai's literary vision, with the former exploring the tragicomic conflict between local residents and a returning nobleman, and the latter addressing existential concerns through the story of a graffiti remover [6][7] Group 2: Narrative Style and Themes - Krasznahorkai is known for his use of long sentences that span several pages, creating a rich, empathetic narrative that connects fleeting life with eternal values [7] - His works often reflect a sense of impending doom, addressing contemporary European realities and the complex emotions surrounding identity, migration, and belonging [2][3]

Core Insights - The article emphasizes the necessity for scientific leadership in technology innovation, highlighting that without it, entities will remain mere followers and lack source innovation capabilities [1][6] - It discusses the evolution of particle physics, detailing how advancements in technology, such as electron microscopes and particle accelerators, have allowed for deeper understanding of matter's fundamental structure [2][3] - The future of particle physics is framed as needing to transcend the current standard model to address significant scientific questions like dark matter and the matter-antimatter asymmetry [4] Group 1: Particle Physics Research - Particle physics has evolved from early atomic theories to the modern understanding of subatomic particles, with significant milestones including the discovery of quarks and the development of the standard model, which has won approximately 30 Nobel Prizes [3] - Current research in particle physics is at a critical juncture, with the standard model being unable to explain several phenomena, indicating a need for new theoretical frameworks and experimental evidence [4] Group 2: China's Position in High-Energy Physics - China has made significant strides in high-energy physics, with key contributions from facilities like the Beijing Electron-Positron Collider (BEPC) and the Daya Bay neutrino experiment, showcasing its innovative capabilities [4] - The country is considering the development of a circular electron-positron collider as a strategic choice for future research, which aligns with global trends and reflects a commitment to scientific advancement [5] Group 3: Technological Innovation and Industry Impact - The advancements in particle physics and accelerator technology have broader implications, leading to applications in various fields such as materials science, advanced manufacturing, and pharmaceuticals [5] - The article stresses that maintaining scientific leadership is crucial for technological dominance, as reliance on foreign innovations could hinder core technological development [6]

Group 1: Core Concepts of Antimatter - Antimatter is a mirror image of ordinary matter, where each particle has a corresponding antiparticle with opposite charge [2][3] - The discovery of antimatter dates back to the early 20th century, with significant milestones including the prediction of positrons by Paul Dirac in 1928 and the first observation of positrons by Carl Anderson in 1932 [3] - Recent advancements in antimatter research include the successful observation of antihydrogen-4 by Chinese scientists in 2024, marking a significant breakthrough in the field [3] Group 2: Research Objectives - One primary goal of antimatter research is to address the baryon asymmetry problem, which questions why the universe is predominantly composed of matter despite equal amounts of matter and antimatter being produced during the Big Bang [4] - Another objective is to test the applicability of physical laws to antimatter, particularly the equivalence principle of general relativity, which posits that all objects respond to gravity in the same way [5][6] - A third goal involves studying dark matter and its potential counterpart, "antidark matter," which could provide insights into the origins of observed antimatter in the universe [7] Group 3: Practical Applications - Antimatter has practical applications in medicine, particularly in positron emission tomography (PET), which utilizes positrons for high-precision imaging of metabolic processes in patients [8] - Research on antiprotons has been conducted to explore their effectiveness in cancer treatment, with findings suggesting that antiprotons can more efficiently destroy cancer cells while minimizing damage to healthy cells [9] - Antimatter also holds potential as a clean energy source, with energy density estimates indicating that it could be 10 billion times greater than traditional fossil fuels, making it a candidate for future energy solutions [10] Group 4: Future Prospects - Theoretical applications of antimatter in space travel suggest that antimatter propulsion systems could achieve speeds up to 15% of the speed of light, revolutionizing interstellar exploration [10] - Despite the challenges in producing and storing antimatter, ongoing research aims to overcome these obstacles, potentially leading to significant advancements in both energy and space travel technologies [10]