（来源：千龙网） 2025年诺贝尔文学奖授予匈牙利著名作家拉斯洛·卡撒兹纳霍凯，"以表彰他引人入胜且富有远见的作 品，在世界末日的恐怖中，再次证明了艺术的力量"。犹如匈牙利平原上挥之不散的浓雾，拉斯洛文学 作品以其独特而无法抗拒的力量，引导读者进入一个既熟悉又陌生的精神世界。 拉斯洛1954年1月5日出生于匈牙利东南部的久洛小城，青年时代曾在塞格德大学和布达佩斯大学学习法 律和文学，1985年发表小说处女作《撒旦探戈》，由其改编的同名电影成为世界电影史上的不朽经典。 此后拉斯洛先后出版了《反抗的忧郁》《以赛亚来了》《战争与战争》《西王母的下面》等富有影响力 的小说力作，陆续获得匈牙利重要文学奖项，以及布克国际奖和美国文学奖。 拉斯洛的小说叙事代表了一种激情的、坚决的、共情的民间声音，是一种漫长的自我的真情独白，其美 学观是试图打破传统文学的框架和边界，希望小说文本能够呈现连接天与地的维度，并为大地上的故事 打开天上的光亮，美国著名文学评论家苏珊·桑塔格赞誉道："卡撒兹纳霍凯是匈牙利现代启示录大师， 让人忍不住将他与果戈里和梅尔维尔相提并论。" 拉斯洛还是一个中国通中国迷，1991年他以记者身份来到中国游览文化 ...

Core Insights - The recent awarding of the Nobel Prize and the Booker Prize to two Hungarian writers, László Krasznahorkai and David Szalay, signifies a shift in the global literary landscape, positioning Hungary as a new literary capital [1] Group 1: László Krasznahorkai - Krasznahorkai's recognition with the Nobel Prize is a validation of his "shocking and visionary creative system," reflecting a search for the power of art at the world's end [2] - His writing style is characterized by long, intricate sentences that evoke a sense of philosophical despair and grotesque beauty, as seen in works like "Satan's Tango" and "The Melancholy of Resistance" [2] Group 2: David Szalay - Szalay, who has a multicultural background, represents a contrasting literary voice, focusing on themes of alienation and identity in a globalized world [3] - His novel "All That Man Is" explores the emotional detachment of modern men, highlighting the fragility of identity amidst globalization [3] Group 3: Broader Implications - The achievements of both writers illustrate the power of diasporic voices, transforming unique Hungarian historical anxieties into universal contemporary concerns [4] - The contrasting styles of Krasznahorkai and Szalay reflect a spectrum of modern human experiences, from deep-rooted historical narratives to fluid, contemporary identities [4]

Core Points - The Nobel Prize in Literature for 2025 was awarded to Hungarian author Krasznahorkai László for his compelling and visionary literary works that reaffirm the power of art amidst apocalyptic fears [3] - Krasznahorkai's writing style is characterized by long sentences and massive paragraphs, creating a literary world that reflects existential themes and human history from myth to the Cold War [4][6] - His works often explore themes of decay and despair, as seen in the film adaptation of his novel "The Turin Horse," which depicts a slow, inevitable decline over six days [5][10] Group 1 - Krasznahorkai's narratives are deeply intertwined with Nietzschean philosophy, questioning the fragility of daily order and the persistence of chaos in human existence [5][8] - The structure of "Satan's Tango" mirrors a tango dance, illustrating a dystopian narrative where hope is placed in false prophets, ultimately leading to a reflection on creation and destruction [7] - The character Valushka in "The Melancholy of Resistance" symbolizes the struggle against corruption and ignorance, representing a critique of societal norms [7][8] Group 2 - Krasznahorkai's writing serves as a prophetic narrative, examining the details of human survival in apocalyptic settings, while also embedding a sense of skepticism [6][9] - The concept of eternal recurrence, as presented in his works, challenges readers to confront the cyclical nature of existence and the inevitability of despair [8][10] - The author emphasizes that decay is not an end but a warning, urging individuals to face the fragility of life and the potential for transformation [10]

Core Points - The article discusses the recognition of Laszlo Krasznahorkai, who has been awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for his profound and prophetic works that resonate with the fears of a post-apocalyptic world [4][5] - Krasznahorkai is celebrated as a significant figure in contemporary European literature, often compared to Kafka and Dostoevsky for his unique style and thematic depth [3][10][13] Group 1: Literary Achievements - Laszlo Krasznahorkai, born in 1954 in Hungary, gained acclaim with his debut novel "Satan's Tango" published at the age of 31 [7][17] - His works often explore themes of societal turmoil, the collapse of civilization, and existential struggles, characterized by long, rhythmic sentences and a sense of apocalyptic atmosphere [11][12] - "Satan's Tango" is regarded as a milestone in modern Hungarian literature, depicting the loss of humanity in a post-totalitarian context [26][28] Group 2: Cultural Influence - Krasznahorkai has a deep appreciation for Chinese culture, owning a collection of Chinese literature in translation and expressing admiration for the poet Li Bai [31][32] - He visited China in 1991 and later wrote a book reflecting on his experiences and the cultural insights he gained during his travels [34][45] - His Chinese name "Hao Qiu" was chosen to honor both his heritage and Confucius, reflecting his connection to Chinese philosophy and literature [35][36]

Core Insights - Hungarian writer László Krasznahorkai has been awarded the 2025 Nobel Prize in Literature for his latest work, which vividly depicts the political atmosphere of a European town on the brink of collapse [1] Group 1: Literary Contributions - Krasznahorkai's early works, "The Melancholy of Resistance" and "War and War," published in Hungarian in 1989 and 1999 respectively, introduce readers to his unique narrative style and themes of collective anxiety and chaos [2] - His debut novel, "Satan's Tango," published in 1985, employs a tango-like mirrored structure and fragmented narrative, showcasing his distinctive language style that has attracted a growing English-speaking audience [4] - Recent works such as "Baron Wenckheim's Homecoming" and "Herscht 07769" continue to expand Krasznahorkai's literary vision, with the former exploring the tragicomic conflict between local residents and a returning nobleman, and the latter addressing existential concerns through the story of a graffiti remover [6][7] Group 2: Narrative Style and Themes - Krasznahorkai is known for his use of long sentences that span several pages, creating a rich, empathetic narrative that connects fleeting life with eternal values [7] - His works often reflect a sense of impending doom, addressing contemporary European realities and the complex emotions surrounding identity, migration, and belonging [2][3]

Core Points - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to László Krasznahorkai for his impactful works that reaffirm the power of art amidst apocalyptic fears [1] - Krasznahorkai is recognized as one of the most prominent contemporary Hungarian authors, known for his complex and postmodern writing style [1][2] - His works often feature dystopian and melancholic themes, characterized by long, winding sentences that create a dizzying grammatical rhythm [1][2] Summary by Categories Author Background - László Krasznahorkai has received numerous prestigious awards, including the International Booker Prize and the National Book Award [1] - He is referred to as the "master of the apocalypse" by writer Susan Sontag, highlighting his thematic focus on existential dread [1] Writing Style and Themes - Krasznahorkai's writing is described as difficult to penetrate, often requiring readers to navigate a unique universe filled with recurring archetypal characters [1][2] - His narrative style is experimental, challenging traditional language limits and often leaving readers feeling lost initially, which is seen as a valuable reading experience [2][4] Notable Works - "The World is Advancing" is his second short story collection published after nearly thirty years, featuring significant contemporary themes and an experimental approach [6] - "The Baron Wenckheim's Homecoming" tells the story of a baron returning to his hometown amidst absurd rumors and societal chaos [8] - "The Melancholy of Resistance" is a long novel that explores fragmented narratives surrounding a giant whale brought to a town, reflecting societal fears and chaos [10] - "Satan's Tango" depicts a bleak village life filled with despair and betrayal, showcasing a unique narrative structure [12] - "The Mercy Relations" is a collection of short stories that exemplify his postmodern style, characterized by ambiguous settings and elusive meanings [14]

Core Viewpoint - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Literature has been awarded to Hungarian author Krasznahorkai László for his literary achievements, highlighting his significant contributions to literature and his unique narrative style [1][5]. Author Background - Krasznahorkai László, born in 1954, is a prominent Hungarian writer known for his complex long sentences and postmodern narrative structures [10]. - He gained recognition in Hungary through his collaboration with filmmaker Béla Tarr, which helped adapt his novels into successful films, enhancing his literary reputation [22][23]. - László's works often reflect the historical and cultural context of Hungary, exploring themes of existentialism and societal reconstruction [20][19]. Literary Style - László's writing is characterized by dense, long sentences that create a suffocating atmosphere, requiring readers to engage deeply with his narratives [8][16]. - His novels often feature a cyclical structure, reflecting the repetitive nature of life and the futility of human endeavors, as seen in works like "Satan's Tango" [19][20]. - The psychological depth of his characters is explored through intricate narrative techniques, allowing readers to experience their internal struggles and existential dilemmas [14][16]. Cultural Influence - László has a profound admiration for Chinese culture, which influences his literary themes and personal identity, as he has expressed a deep appreciation for Chinese poetry and philosophy [7][8]. - His friendship with translator Yu Zemin has been crucial in introducing his works to Chinese readers, maintaining the essence of his literary style while adapting it for a different cultural context [27][29]. Adaptations and Collaborations - The collaboration between László and Béla Tarr has resulted in critically acclaimed film adaptations of his works, which have further popularized his literature and showcased his unique storytelling approach [23][25]. - The cinematic interpretations of his novels emphasize the atmospheric and thematic elements of his writing, allowing audiences to experience the depth of his narratives visually [24][26].

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the recognition of Hungarian author László Krasznahorkai, who won the 2025 Nobel Prize in Literature for his compelling and visionary works that reaffirm the power of art amidst apocalyptic fears [3]. Author Background - László Krasznahorkai was born in 1954 in Győr, Hungary, and initially pursued a career in law before turning to literature [4]. - He gained fame as a jazz pianist in his youth and published his first novel in 1977 [4]. - His experiences working in a Roma community and various odd jobs inspired his acclaimed novel "Satan's Tango" [5]. Literary Style and Themes - Krasznahorkai's works are characterized by a deep philosophical observation of the human condition, exploring themes of despair and hope [7]. - His narrative style is noted for its complexity, often lacking punctuation and structure, which creates a unique reading experience [7]. - He has a profound appreciation for Chinese culture, with a particular admiration for the poet Li Bai, and has written books reflecting his experiences in China [8]. Notable Works - Key works by Krasznahorkai include "Satan's Tango," "The Melancholy of Resistance," and "The World is Advancing," with translations by renowned Hungarian translator Yu Zemin [9][11][13][15][17].

Core Points - Hungarian writer László Krasznahorkai won the 2025 Nobel Prize in Literature for his captivating and visionary works that reaffirm the power of art amidst apocalyptic fears [1] - Krasznahorkai is recognized as one of Hungary's most significant contemporary writers, having won numerous prestigious literary awards including the 2015 International Booker Prize [4] - His notable works include "Satan's Tango," which was published in Chinese in 2013, and a recent collection of short stories titled "The World is Advancing" [4][9] Author Background - László was born in 1954 in Győr, Hungary, and initially pursued a career in law before turning to literature [5] - He has a long-standing friendship with translator Yu Zemin, who has introduced his works to Chinese readers [5] - Krasznahorkai's early experiences, including a period of unemployment and various odd jobs, inspired the themes and narratives in his writing [6] Literary Style and Themes - His writing is characterized by a complex structure and philosophical reflections on human despair and hope, often drawing comparisons to Kafka [8] - The narrative style is described as challenging, requiring readers to engage deeply with the text to appreciate its nuances [8] Cultural Influence - Krasznahorkai has a profound appreciation for Chinese culture, having traveled to China and written books reflecting his experiences [9] - He has expressed admiration for Chinese poet Li Bai, considering him a modernist figure in Tang Dynasty literature [9]

Core Insights - The novel "Wenckheim's Return" by László Krasznahorkai is a significant continuation of his earlier works, particularly "Satan's Tango," exploring themes of despair, waiting, and the cyclical nature of human existence [2][3][17] - The narrative reflects the socio-political changes in Hungary and Eastern Europe, portraying a small town's residents who are caught in a state of anticipation for the return of the titular baron, symbolizing hope and potential salvation [6][10][17] Summary by Sections Author and Background - László Krasznahorkai, a prominent figure in Hungarian literature, gained international acclaim with his debut novel "Satan's Tango" in 1985, which is considered a cornerstone of postmodern Hungarian literature [2][3] - "Wenckheim's Return" is seen as a sequel to "Satan's Tango" and "The Melancholy of Resistance," forming a thematic trilogy that delves into the helplessness and futile waiting experienced by the characters [3][4][17] Themes and Narrative Style - The central theme revolves around the concept of waiting, which is depicted as the only action available to the characters, leading to despair and destruction [4][11][17] - The narrative employs a multi-perspective storytelling technique, allowing various characters to share their viewpoints, creating a rich and complex tapestry of the town's life [15][17] Character Analysis - The character of Baron Wenckheim, who returns from Argentina, embodies the hopes of the townspeople, yet he is portrayed as a flawed and ineffective figure, unable to fulfill their expectations [6][8][17] - The residents of the town, including significant figures like the mayor and police chief, collectively represent the societal longing for change and salvation, yet their actions are ultimately futile [10][17] Societal Reflection - The novel critiques the stagnation and despair within Hungarian society, illustrating how the characters are trapped in a cycle of waiting for a savior that never arrives [10][11][17] - It addresses contemporary social issues such as systemic change, the refugee crisis, and media ethics, while maintaining a philosophical perspective on human existence [17][18] Literary Techniques - Krasznahorkai's writing style is characterized by long, complex sentences that challenge readers, reflecting the intricate nature of the characters' lives and their societal context [18][19] - The use of dark humor and absurdity in the narrative adds a layer of complexity, contrasting the underlying themes of despair with moments of levity [17][20]