转自：北京日报客户端 中微子究竟是什么？电影里那些关于世界末日的猜想，到底有没有科学依据？地下700米深处，竟然藏 着一个13层楼高的"星空"？粒子物理的世界，充满了问号与惊叹号。通过小小的粒子去探索大大的宇 宙，本期《开讲啦》邀请到中国科学院高能物理研究所所长、江门中微子实验副发言人曹俊，他将带领 我们深入地底，近距离感受历经十余年建设完成、最近刚刚"新鲜出炉"了首个物理成果的国之重器—— 江门中微子实验。快来领略中国科学家在粒子世界探索未知的风采！ 权威澄清：电影里 "中微子导致世界末日"的假设不成立 中微子，是构成物质世界最基本的粒子之一，在宇宙中无处不在。曹俊说，我们每个人每秒钟就会产生 五千个中微子。但中微子最大的特点是"不带电"，且几乎不跟物质发生相互作用，因此极难被探测到。 很多人是从电影中第一次听说"中微子"的。曹俊在现场做了权威科普：电影中太阳中微子爆发导致地球 过热的剧情，在现实中不可能发生。这正是由中微子"几乎不与物质相互作用"的特性决定的。即便太阳 在1秒钟之内将其全部能量以中微子形式爆发，也无法加热地球。 "世界第一"是最好的广告 中微子还有一个神奇的特性：它能在飞行中自发地从一种类 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article is that global renewable energy is experiencing unprecedented growth, with China leading this significant transition, as highlighted by the recognition of "Global Renewable Energy Growth" as the top scientific breakthrough of 2025 by *Science* magazine [1] - In 2025, global renewable energy generation surpassed coal for the first time, with solar and wind energy growth rates sufficient to meet the new electricity demand in the first half of the year [1] - China's strong industrial system is identified as the main driver of this trend, producing approximately 80% of solar cells, 70% of wind turbines, and 70% of lithium batteries globally, while also maintaining a cost advantage [1] Group 2 - The article mentions that China's thriving green technology exports are transforming other regions, including Europe and countries in the Global South [1] - Other scientific breakthroughs recognized by *Science* magazine include advancements in gene editing for rare diseases, new treatments for gonorrhea, and significant progress in xenotransplantation [2] - Research on the Denisovans and heat-resistant rice, led by Chinese research teams, is also highlighted among the top breakthroughs [2]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article is that global renewable energy growth is unstoppable, with significant advancements expected in 2025, primarily led by China [1] - In 2025, global renewable energy generation is projected to surpass coal for the first time, driven by rapid growth in solar and wind energy, which is sufficient to meet the new electricity demand in the first half of the year [1] - China continues to expand its dominance in solar cells, wind turbines, and lithium battery storage, solidifying its leadership in global renewable energy production and related technologies [1] Group 2 - Approximately 80% of the world's solar cells, 70% of wind turbines, and 70% of lithium batteries are produced in China, which holds a significant cost advantage [1] - China's thriving green technology exports are transforming other regions, including Europe and countries in the Global South [1] - Other scientific breakthroughs recognized by the journal include advancements in gene editing for rare diseases, new treatments for gonorrhea, and significant progress in xenotransplantation [2]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article is that global renewable energy growth is unstoppable, with significant advancements expected by 2025, primarily led by China [1] - In 2025, global renewable energy generation is projected to surpass traditional energy sources, marking a major transition in the energy sector [1] - In 2023, global renewable energy generation exceeded coal for the first time, with solar and wind energy growth rates sufficient to meet the new electricity demand for the first half of the year [1] Group 2 - China is expanding its presence in solar cells, wind turbines, and lithium battery storage, solidifying its leadership in global renewable energy production and related technologies [1] - Approximately 80% of solar cells, 70% of wind turbines, and 70% of lithium batteries are produced in China, which holds a significant cost advantage [1] - China's thriving green technology exports are transforming other regions, including Europe and countries in the Global South [1]

据《物理评论快报》10日报道，英国牛津大学牵头的科学家团队首次观测到太阳中微子在地下探测器中 触发罕见核反应，使碳原子转化为氮原子。长期以来，中微子因几乎不与物质相互作用而难以被直接观 测，这次突破显示科学家已具备在极低能区间研究中微子—原子核相互作用的能力，为核物理和粒子物 理相关研究打开了新窗口。 中微子是宇宙中最神秘的粒子之一，中微子的直接探测长期以来一直是粒子物理领域的一大挑战。 此次实验依托深埋在加拿大萨德伯里地下约两千米处的SNO+中微子探测器。研究团队关注的是一种极 为罕见的相互作用，即高能太阳中微子撞击实验介质中的碳-13原子核，使其转变为放射性的氮-13。 氮-13会在约10分钟后发生衰变。为识别这一过程，团队采用了"延迟符合"探测方法，先捕捉中微子撞 击碳-13原子核时产生的瞬时闪光，再寻找数分钟后由氮-13放射性衰变产生的第二次闪光。两个信号在 时间上的明确关联，为区分真实中微子事件与背景噪声提供了可靠依据。 结果显示，在2022年5月4日至2023年6月29日的231天观测期内，实验共观测到约5.6个相关事件，与太 阳中微子理论预期产生的4.7个事件在统计上相符。这标志着科学家首次在实 ...

Core Points - Renowned particle physicist Zheng Zhipeng passed away on November 27 at the age of 85, as reported by the Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences [1][3] - Zheng Zhipeng made significant contributions to particle and radiation detector research and was a key leader in the Beijing Electron-Positron Collider and Beijing Spectrometer projects [3] Contributions and Achievements - Zheng Zhipeng was born on June 28, 1940, in Guilin, Guangxi, and dedicated his career to particle physics, achieving major results such as the precise measurement of tau lepton mass [3] - He received numerous prestigious awards, including the National Science and Technology Progress Award (Special Prize), National Natural Science Award (Second Class), and the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Chinese Physical Society [3] Legacy - The Institute of High Energy Physics highlighted Zheng's humble and open-minded character, emphasizing his belief in the importance of grounded research and pioneering spirit in cultivating talent in China's high-energy physics field [3] - A farewell ceremony for Zheng Zhipeng is scheduled for December 3 at 9 AM at Babaoshan [3]

Core Points - Renowned particle physicist Zheng Zhipeng, former director of the Institute of High Energy Physics, passed away on November 27 at the age of 85 due to illness [1][2] - Zheng made significant contributions to particle and radiation detector research, leading projects such as the Beijing Electron-Positron Collider and the Beijing Spectrometer, achieving major results including precise measurements of tau lepton mass [1] - He received numerous prestigious awards, including the National Science and Technology Progress Special Prize and the Chinese Physical Society Lifetime Achievement Award [1] Background - Zheng was born in June 1940 in Guilin, Guangxi, graduated from the University of Science and Technology of China in July 1963, and worked at the Institute of Atomic Energy before joining the Institute of High Energy Physics in February 1973 [1][2] - He served as the deputy director and director of the Institute of High Energy Physics from August 1988 to July 1998, and held various academic positions, including vice president and president of Guangxi University [2] - Zheng was also involved in the Chinese Physical Society and served as a doctoral supervisor at the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, contributing to the training of many key talents in the field of high-energy physics [2]

Core Points - The article commemorates the life and contributions of renowned physicist and Nobel laureate Yang Chen-Ning, who passed away at the age of 103, highlighting his influence beyond the realm of science into cultural and academic exchanges between China and the West [2][3][5] - Yang's most significant contributions include the development of the non-Abelian gauge theory, which laid the groundwork for the Standard Model of particle physics, and his role in boosting the confidence of Chinese scientists and the Chinese populace [3][4][5] Contributions to Science - Yang's non-Abelian gauge theory, proposed in 1954, was initially complex and abstract but later became crucial in the development of the Standard Model, which was fully validated by 2012 [3][4] - His work is compared to that of other foundational scientists like Newton, Maxwell, and Einstein, establishing him as a key figure in the advancement of fundamental theories in physics [4] Cultural and Academic Impact - Yang's contributions extended to fostering academic exchanges and cultural identity between China and the West, particularly after his return to China in 1999, which marked a significant personal and professional journey [5] - He played a pivotal role in enhancing the self-esteem of Chinese scientists and the broader Chinese community, asserting that his most important contribution was helping to change the perception of inferiority among Chinese people [3][5]

Core Insights - The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) has successfully completed the filling of 20,000 tons of liquid scintillator and has officially begun data collection, marking it as the first large-scale and high-precision neutrino-specific scientific facility in operation globally [1][2] Group 1: Project Overview - The JUNO project was proposed by the Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2008, receiving strategic support in 2013 and commencing construction in 2015 [2] - The detector is located 700 meters underground in Jiangmen, Guangdong Province, and is capable of detecting neutrinos from nuclear power plants located 53 kilometers away [1][2] Group 2: Technical Achievements - The initial data collected during the trial operation indicates that the key performance indicators of the JUNO detector have met or exceeded design expectations, enabling it to address significant questions in particle physics, particularly neutrino mass ordering [1][3] - The detector's design includes a 20,000-ton liquid scintillator and a complex structure with various components, including 20,000 photomultiplier tubes, ensuring high precision in measuring neutrino interactions [3] Group 3: Future Implications - The JUNO experiment has a planned operational lifespan of 30 years and can be upgraded to become the world's most sensitive experiment for neutrinoless double beta decay, which could provide insights into fundamental questions about the universe [3] - The spokesperson for the JUNO collaboration emphasized that the completion of the detector filling and the start of data collection represents a breakthrough in understanding the nature of matter and the universe [3]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the necessity for scientific leadership in technology innovation, particularly in high-energy physics, to avoid becoming mere followers in technological advancements [1][5]. Group 1: High-Energy Physics Research - High-energy physics, also known as particle physics, investigates the fundamental structure of matter, evolving from early studies using microscopes to advanced particle accelerators [1][2]. - The development of the standard model has successfully described known fundamental particles and their interactions, but it fails to explain significant scientific issues such as dark matter and the matter-antimatter asymmetry [3]. Group 2: China's Position and Opportunities - China has made significant breakthroughs in high-energy physics, contributing critical data to global research through facilities like the Beijing Electron-Positron Collider (BEPC) and the Daya Bay neutrino experiment [3][4]. - The country is positioned to explore new physical phenomena related to dark matter and neutrinos, indicating a proactive approach to advancing particle physics [3]. Group 3: Future Directions and Technological Innovations - The future of particle physics may require new theoretical frameworks and experimental evidence, with accelerators remaining a primary tool for research despite the exploration of alternative methods [4]. - China has identified a strategic path for developing a circular electron-positron collider, which could later be upgraded to a proton collider, showcasing innovative planning and resource efficiency [4].