中新社北京12月23日电 题：为什么要把"和平发展权"作为一项新兴人权？ 作者 鲁广锦 吉林大学人权研究院教授、中国人权研究会副会长 2025年是世界反法西斯战争胜利80周年，也是联合国成立80周年。这80年里，经过世界各国和各国人民 的共同团结奋斗，人类社会在总体上保持了和平，并且实现了长期的发展繁荣。特别是在联合国框架 下，人权实现了普遍化、主流化、全球化，人权文明迈上了新台阶。若问过去80年人权文明在哪个方面 的进步最明显，答案一定是"和平发展权"。虽然目前联合国还没有专门的人权条约把"和平发展权"确定 为一项特定的人权，但在国际社会实践中已经把维护世界和平、促进共同发展作为具有普遍性意义的人 权价值追求。 2025年3月28日，博鳌亚洲论坛2025年年会"营造和平发展环境，维护共同经济安全"分论坛在海南博鳌 举行。 中新社记者 韩海丹 摄 联合国因保护和促进人类的"和平发展权"而成立 在人类文明发展史上，"和平"一词很早就出现了，并在近代以后不断被赋予新的意涵。相对于"和平"一 词，"发展"一词的出现时间较晚，但其全球性意义却与日俱增，被认为是人类社会永恒的主题。和平与 发展作为联合国的两大宗旨，在过 ...

新华社南非比勒陀利亚12月4日电 "2025·中国-南非人权研讨会"4日在南非行政首都比勒陀利亚举行。 本次活动以"多边主义与发展权实现"为主题，与会嘉宾围绕四大全球倡议和全球人权治理、中南务实合 作促进发展权等议题展开交流研讨。 南非约翰内斯堡大学非洲－中国研究中心主任孟大为表示，当前单边主义与保护主义抬头，正严重冲击 多边合作框架，损害全球南方国家人民的发展权。本次研讨会聚焦多边主义与发展权的内在联系，具有 重要现实意义。发展权必须基于各国国情、文化与历史实践，任何国家都无权将自身标准强加于人。 中国人权发展基金会副理事长兼秘书长李宏葵致辞时说，当前全球人权事业发展正面临挑战，中南两国 专家学者应加强沟通交流，积极凝聚全球南方人权发展共识，共同倡导真正的多边主义，推进高质量共 建"一带一路"，助力弥合南北发展鸿沟，让各国民众共享发展成果。 与会嘉宾普遍认为，中南两国在坚持多边主义、促进共同发展等方面高度契合。两国同为全球南方重要 成员，在人权问题上理念相近，应进一步深化人权文明交流互鉴，共同践行四大全球倡议，为推动全球 人权治理朝着更加公正合理的方向发展贡献力量。 本次研讨会由中国人权发展基金会、南非约翰 ...

本报比勒陀利亚12月4日电 （记者杨讴）"2025·中国—南非人权研讨会"4日在南非行政首都比勒陀利亚 举行。本次活动以"多边主义与发展权实现"为主题，与会嘉宾围绕四大全球倡议和全球人权治理、中南 务实合作促进发展权等议题展开交流研讨。 中国人权发展基金会副理事长兼秘书长李宏葵致辞时说，当前全球人权事业发展正面临挑战，中南两国 专家学者应加强沟通交流，积极凝聚全球南方人权发展共识，共同倡导真正的多边主义，推进高质量共 建"一带一路"，助力弥合南北发展鸿沟，让各国民众共享发展成果。 南非约翰内斯堡大学非洲—中国研究中心主任孟大为表示，当前单边主义与保护主义抬头，正严重冲击 多边合作框架，损害全球南方国家人民的发展权。本次研讨会聚焦多边主义与发展权的内在联系，具有 重要现实意义。发展权必须基于各国国情、文化与历史实践，任何国家都无权将自身标准强加于人。 南非金山大学国际关系教授谢尔顿说，中国式现代化取得的显著成就为非洲国家提供有益借鉴。当前全 球治理在促进公平发展和保障人权方面仍面临挑战，非中可携手促进全球治理改革，在消除贫困、推动 可持续发展等关键领域深化合作，共同推动建设更加公正合理的国际秩序。 与会嘉宾普遍 ...

人民网雅加达12月2日电 （记者曹师韵）12月2日，"人权与发展"国际研讨会在印度尼西亚雅加达举行。本次 研讨会由中国人权研究会与印尼根塔拉研究院共同主办，来自中印尼两国人权领域的智库学者与社会组织代表等 20余人参加会议。 与会人士围绕"以发展促人权"的核心逻辑与中印尼实践共鸣、经济社会文化权利保障的中印尼实践、特定群 体权益保障与共同富裕实践、全球人权治理中的发展权平等与中印尼合作、绿色发展与环境权利保障的协调推进 等议题深入研讨交流。 中国人权研究会副会长、西南政法大学教授付子堂表示，中国长期坚持以生存权、发展权为首要的基本人 权，既通过发展增进人民福祉，实现人民的发展权；又努力通过保障人民的发展权，实现更高水平的发展。中国 对发展权的有效保障，在脱贫攻坚到乡村振兴两大战略环环相扣、层层递进的实施中得到了生动体现。中国和印 尼同为发展中大国、新兴市场国家和"全球南方"主要力量，发展阶段相似、理念道路相通、文化传统相近，两国 在人权领域可以增进互信、深化交流、加强合作，达成更多共识。 印度尼西亚大学人类学系高级讲师苏拉娅·阿菲夫表示，人权具有普遍性，不应因宗教、种族、能力或肤色而 有所区别，也不应被狭隘的 ...

中国人权研究会副会长、西南政法大学教授付子堂表示，发展是人类社会的永恒主题，发展权是一 项不可剥夺的基本人权。从全球层面看，发展权与联合国2030年可持续发展议程紧密契合；从各国实践 看，发展始终是解决问题的基础与关键。中国长期坚持把生存权、发展权作为首要的基本人权，通过发 展不断增进人民福祉，并在脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴两大战略的衔接推进中取得突出成效。他认为，中国和 印尼同为发展中大国和新兴市场国家，发展阶段相似、理念道路相通、文化传统相近，两国在人权领域 可以增进互信、深化交流、加强合作，达成更多共识。 印尼根塔拉研究院战略传播与研究总监陈姝伶说，今年是印尼和中国建交75周年。当前，两国在经 贸、人文等领域的合作持续深化，尤其是以人民为中心的发展理念和在发展进程中推进人权改善日益成 为共同的重要方向。开展开放、建设性的交流有助于增进理解、凝聚共识，也将为未来两国开展更长 期、更广泛的合作奠定坚实基础。 与会人士一致认为，各国都有权自主选择人权发展道路，应秉持相互尊重、相互包容、相互交流、 相互借鉴的原则，加强团结合作，促进共同发展，携手推进人权事业。 新华社雅加达12月2日电（记者 陶方伟）由中国人权研究会和 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the significant contributions of Global South countries to the development and evolution of international law, emphasizing their role in shaping a more equitable and just international order [6][9][16]. Group 1: Contributions of Global South Countries - The establishment of a multilateral cooperation framework, such as the Bandung Conference in 1955, marked a pivotal step for developing countries in participating in international law and rule-making [7]. - The rise of developing countries has led to both quantitative and qualitative changes in international law, transforming them from passive recipients to active contributors in the rule-making process [9][11]. - Key international legal principles, such as the right to self-determination and the emphasis on development rights, have been significantly influenced by the collective actions of developing countries [7][12]. Group 2: China's Role in International Law - China has actively promoted the concept of "international law for developing countries," enhancing its appeal and influence through initiatives like the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence [11][13]. - The country has played a crucial role in mediating international disputes and fostering dialogue, as seen in its facilitation of agreements between nations like Saudi Arabia and Iran [11][12]. - China's participation in various multilateral organizations, such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and BRICS, aims to rebalance global power dynamics and reflect the common interests of developing countries [13][17]. Group 3: Challenges and Future Directions - Despite the contributions of developing countries, international law remains predominantly shaped by developed nations, leading to a need for greater unity among Global South countries to influence rule-making [16][18]. - The article highlights the importance of addressing emerging global issues, such as data sovereignty and climate change, through collaborative efforts among developing nations [16][18]. - There is a call for enhancing legal capacity and training in developing countries to better equip them for participation in international negotiations and dispute resolution [17][18].

Core Viewpoint - The event held by the China International Exchange Promotion Association in Geneva focused on the role of civil society organizations in enhancing global human rights governance and promoting inclusive development [1][2] Group 1: Event Overview - The side event titled "Equality, Human Rights, and Inclusive Development" gathered nearly a hundred participants from various countries, including representatives from Venezuela, India, and Spain, as well as leaders from multiple NGOs and scholars [1] - The event highlighted the contributions of civil society organizations in addressing human rights issues and fostering inclusive development [2] Group 2: Key Contributions and Discussions - The China International Exchange Promotion Association showcased projects like mobile surgical units and ocean medical ships, emphasizing their role in promoting international cooperation and safeguarding health rights in developing countries [2] - Representatives from various organizations discussed the importance of placing development rights at the center of international agendas for the benefit of global South countries [2] - The event featured a photo exhibition commemorating the 80th anniversary of the United Nations, illustrating the contributions of Chinese civil society organizations to global human rights governance [2]

Core Points - The first China-Africa Human Rights Seminar was held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, focusing on building a China-Africa community and achieving development rights [1] - Over 200 representatives from China and more than 40 African countries participated, discussing the importance of development in achieving substantial human rights progress [1][2] - The seminar highlighted China's achievements in human rights and its contributions to Africa's human rights development and capacity building [1][2] Group 1 - Development is emphasized as a fundamental human right, with China prioritizing survival and development rights in its human rights approach [2] - The seminar showcased successful projects such as the Mombasa-Nairobi railway, which reduced logistics costs in Kenya by 40% and contributed over 2% to the country's GDP, creating more than 74,000 jobs [2] - African countries are increasingly adopting China's human rights development model, adapting it to local contexts to improve living standards and development [2][3] Group 2 - The seminar participants stressed the need for a fair and inclusive global human rights governance system, advocating for cooperation to promote development and human rights [3] - The relationship between Africa and China is based on mutual respect and non-interference, with ongoing practical cooperation through initiatives like the Belt and Road Initiative [3] - Future cooperation should focus on establishing a China-Africa human rights discourse, expanding cooperation areas, ensuring public safety and health, and promoting sustainable development [3]

Group 1 - The first China-Africa Human Rights Seminar was held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, with over 200 participants from China and more than 40 African countries discussing the theme of "Building a China-Africa Community of Shared Future to Achieve Development Rights" [1] - Participants praised China's achievements in human rights and its contributions to the development of human rights in Africa, expressing a desire for China and Africa to explore human rights paths that align with their national conditions [1][2] - The "Dar es Salaam Consensus" emphasizes that the choice of development paths should be based on national conditions and local cultural characteristics, reflecting the common will of both China and Africa [1] Group 2 - Development is highlighted as a fundamental theme of human society and a primary task of the Chinese Communist Party, with a focus on survival rights and development rights as essential human rights [2] - China has successfully created a contemporary human rights perspective that combines universal principles with national realities, contributing to the global human rights discourse [2] - Examples of successful China-Africa cooperation include the Mombasa-Nairobi railway reducing logistics costs in Kenya by 40% and creating over 74,000 jobs, as well as agricultural advancements in Rwanda and Tanzania [2] Group 3 - African countries are actively learning from China's human rights development path and innovating their own human rights development models based on local realities [2] - The concept of universal human rights should not be defined or imposed by a select few, but should respect the values, interests, and choices of others [2] - The essence of South-South cooperation is reflected in China's approach, which provides a methodology for independent problem-solving rather than a standard answer [2] Group 4 - The seminar emphasized the need for China and Africa to explore human rights development paths based on their national conditions and to promote fair and inclusive global human rights governance [3] - Future cooperation should focus on building a discourse system for China-Africa human rights, expanding cooperation paths, ensuring people's safety and health, and promoting sustainable development [3]

Core Viewpoint - The first African Human Rights Seminar held in Addis Ababa emphasized the importance of development as a key solution to all human rights issues, culminating in the release of the "Addis Ababa Consensus on Development Rights" [1][4]. Summary by Relevant Sections Development Rights - Development is highlighted as an indispensable human right, with a focus on eradicating poverty, hunger, conflict, and discrimination as foundational to human rights protection [3]. - The consensus underscores the necessity of a people-centered development approach, ensuring equitable distribution of development benefits [3]. Sustainable Development - The document advocates for sustainable and high-quality development, reinforcing the role of the UN Charter and the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda in realizing development rights [3]. - It calls for respect for national sovereignty and the right of countries to choose their own paths for human rights development, opposing the politicization of human rights issues [3]. International Relations - The consensus firmly rejects unilateralism, hegemony, and protectionism, promoting a new type of international relations based on mutual respect and cooperation [3]. - It emphasizes the importance of collective action to ensure the implementation of development rights and the integration of these rights into the UN agenda [3]. China-Africa Cooperation - The document identifies China-Africa cooperation as an effective means to promote the realization of development rights, leveraging mechanisms like the China-Africa Cooperation Forum and the Belt and Road Initiative [3][10]. - China's experience in development is seen as valuable for African nations striving to overcome poverty and achieve sustainable development [5]. Critique of Western Approaches - African representatives expressed strong opposition to Western hegemony disguised as human rights advocacy, highlighting structural issues in Western aid models that may undermine African sovereignty [9]. - The consensus reflects a growing sentiment among African nations to define and pursue their own human rights agendas, free from external imposition [9][10]. Practical Examples of Cooperation - China has implemented various initiatives, such as the "20+20 Cooperation Plan" for higher education, which has significantly contributed to talent development in Africa [8]. - Infrastructure projects like the Mombasa-Nairobi Railway have demonstrated tangible benefits, including a 40% reduction in logistics costs and the creation of 74,000 jobs [8].