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量子科学带来的“脑洞”:我们能否前往“平行宇宙”?
Xin Lang Cai Jing· 2025-12-27 15:38
Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the significance of quantum mechanics as it approaches its 100th anniversary in 2025, highlighting its impact on both scientific understanding and popular culture, particularly in science fiction [1] Group 1: Quantum Mechanics and Theories - Quantum mechanics has fundamentally altered human understanding of the objective world and has inspired numerous science fiction narratives, including the concept of "parallel universes" [1] - Hugh Everett proposed the "Many-Worlds Interpretation" in the 1950s to address the "measurement problem" in quantum physics, suggesting that particles exist in multiple states simultaneously until observed, leading to the creation of multiple universes [2] - The "Many-Worlds Interpretation" is considered by some scholars, like Sean Carroll, as the most elegant explanation of quantum mechanics, as it avoids the need for additional "collapse" rules and aligns well with mathematical formulations [3] Group 2: Criticism and Popularity of Theories - Despite its supporters, the "Many-Worlds Interpretation" faces criticism from notable physicists like Roger Penrose, who argue that it should be abandoned due to its inability to be tested or falsified [3] - A survey conducted by the journal Nature indicated that the "Many-Worlds Interpretation" ranks as the third most popular theory among physicists, with the "Copenhagen Interpretation" being the most favored [3] Group 3: Philosophical Implications and Cultural Impact - The interpretations of quantum mechanics remain largely philosophical and do not provide different experimental predictions, indicating a need for new physical phenomena that extend beyond current quantum measurement theories [4] - If parallel universes exist, they may not differ significantly from our own, as they would likely share the same physical laws and human experiences, leading to only minor variations [5] - The scientific community generally believes that physical laws prevent individuals from traveling between parallel universes, reinforcing the idea that events in one universe do not affect another [6] - Science fiction has played a role in popularizing complex quantum concepts, stimulating public interest in scientific exploration, even if it diverges from strict scientific accuracy [6]
当闭上眼,世界还存在吗?量子力学百年终极答案:全靠你“脑补”
3 6 Ke· 2025-12-18 10:00
Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the ongoing debate in quantum mechanics regarding the interpretation of quantum phenomena, particularly focusing on the perspectives of relational quantum mechanics (RQM) and subjective Bayesianism (QBism) as they relate to the observer's role in defining reality [10][31]. Group 1: Historical Context and Developments - In 1925, physicist Werner Heisenberg made significant contributions to quantum mechanics on Heligoland Island, moving away from classical models to a mathematical framework known as matrix mechanics [2]. - The establishment of quantum mechanics was further advanced by Erwin Schrödinger's wave equation, which introduced the concept of probability in determining the position of electrons [4]. - A century later, in 2025, over 300 leading physicists gathered on the same island to celebrate the centenary of quantum mechanics and to revisit foundational questions about the nature of reality [6]. Group 2: Quantum Mechanics Interpretation Debate - The core of the debate centers on whether quantum equations describe the world itself or merely our understanding of it, with various interpretations such as the Copenhagen interpretation, many-worlds interpretation, and hidden variable theories [11][13]. - The thought experiment "Wigner's friend" illustrates the complexities of measurement and reality in quantum mechanics, questioning whose observation constitutes the "true" reality [15][19]. Group 3: Relational Quantum Mechanics (RQM) - Carlo Rovelli's RQM posits that reality is not an absolute entity but is constructed through relationships between observers and systems, suggesting that different observers can have valid but distinct accounts of the same phenomenon [20][23]. - RQM emphasizes that physical properties are not inherent to isolated entities but arise from interactions, challenging traditional notions of objective reality [25]. Group 4: Subjective Bayesianism (QBism) - Chris Fuchs' QBism redefines the wave function as a personal probability guide rather than an objective state of the world, asserting that it reflects an observer's beliefs about future measurements [28][30]. - This perspective places the observer at the center of quantum mechanics, suggesting that the wave function is a tool for individuals to navigate their interactions with the quantum world [31]. Group 5: Future Directions and Implications - The article highlights a growing acceptance of RQM and QBism among younger researchers, with a notable percentage supporting these interpretations in recent surveys [31]. - The potential for empirical testing of these theories through advanced quantum computing and AI is discussed, indicating a shift towards integrating observer-dependent frameworks into future physics [33]. - The concluding remarks suggest that reality is a collaborative narrative between observers and the world, marking a new beginning for quantum mechanics [34].
平常心看待理想i6
理想TOP2· 2025-09-18 12:00
Core Viewpoints - The sales performance of the i6 can be interpreted in two ways: good sales may not necessarily lead to positive outcomes, while poor sales could provide valuable lessons for improvement [2][5] - The analogy of quantum mechanics is used to illustrate the uncertainty surrounding the i6's sales performance, suggesting that its success or failure is inherently unpredictable until measured [7][8] Group 1: Sales Projections and Goals - Li Xiang stated that 2025 will be the first year for Li Auto to officially enter the pure electric SUV market, with sales targets for the i6 set at 9,000 to 10,000 units per month, contributing to an overall target of 18,000 to 20,000 units per month for all pure electric models [3] - The sales situation of the i6 will become clearer approximately 1-4 weeks after its release, with further insights expected around March next year due to factors like changes in purchase tax [8] Group 2: Historical Context and Lessons Learned - Li Xiang's past experiences, including challenges faced during the early days of his career, have shaped his approach to leadership and communication, emphasizing the importance of learning from difficulties [4] - The struggles of other companies, such as BYD and NVIDIA, highlight that periods of poor performance can lead to significant growth and eventual success [5][6] Group 3: Quantum Mechanics Analogy - The concept of true randomness in quantum mechanics is likened to the uncertainty of the i6's sales performance, where various potential outcomes exist until actual sales data is observed [7][9] - The analogy suggests that the initial sales data will provide a clearer picture of the i6's market performance, akin to the collapse of a quantum state upon measurement [8][9]