今年是"十五五"开局之年。代表委员又将带着人民的期盼，齐聚一堂共商国是。全国两会召开在即，本 版选取了一些网友关注的问题，邀请不同领域的代表委员回答，共话奋进"十五五"的决心、期待。 ——编者 全国人大代表、辽宁省沈阳市文博中心主任李声能： 提升博物馆公共服务效能 网友提问：近年来，"博物馆热"持续升温，彰显了厚重的文化自信。如何进一步提升博物馆的服务效 能，推动中华优秀传统文化更好传承？ 春节前夕，辽宁省沈阳博物馆举办了一场"暮夜探春沈博寻踪"夜游活动。不少观众通过拍照打卡、参与 抽奖，既了解了文博知识，又获得了书法家现场创作书写的春联。 在参与牛河梁遗址文物保护、考古基地建设等方案论证工作的过程中，我深切感受到，只有做好文物保 护和活化利用，才能进一步提升中华文明影响力和感召力。 近年来，我在全国两会上提交了关于加快推进牛河梁红山文化遗址群申报世界文化遗产、以红山文化申 遗为契机筑牢中国文化自信基石等建议。这些建议得到了国家、省、市各级相关部门的反馈和落实，许 多新变化正在发生：牛河梁遗址被写入历史教材，出土的玉猪龙文物图片印进了课本。 近年来，馆际交流合作是解决博物馆发展不均衡、基层博物馆开放质量不高等 ...

Core Insights - Shandong province has the highest elderly population in China, with 24.62% of its population aged 60 and above, totaling 24.82 million by the end of 2024 [2] - The province is actively working to create an elderly-friendly society and improve services for the aging population, leading the nation in addressing population aging [2] Summary by Categories Elderly Population Statistics - By the end of 2024, Shandong will have 24.82 million people aged 60 and above, representing 24.62% of the total population [2] Pension and Social Security - Shandong is enhancing its social security system, implementing nationwide enterprise pension insurance, and expanding basic pension insurance coverage [2] - The province has included 59.1 million elderly individuals in minimum living security and 29.2 million in special hardship assistance [2] Elderly Care Services - Shandong has established a multi-tiered elderly care service system, with 1,631 recognized inclusive elderly care institutions, accounting for 60% of the total [3] - By September 2025, the total number of elderly care institutions is expected to reach 2,731, with nursing beds making up 76.4% [3] - The province has developed 24,000 community elderly care facilities and 86,000 family elderly care beds [3] Health Support for the Elderly - A comprehensive elderly health service system is being built, with 96.5% of public hospitals above the secondary level having geriatric departments [4] - There are 1,125 integrated medical and elderly care institutions in the province, with over 330,000 beds [4] - The province has implemented home modifications for 15.8 million elderly individuals to support those with disabilities or dementia [4] Promotion of Elderly-Friendly Environment - Shandong has created 160 national model elderly-friendly communities and registered over 3.6 million elderly volunteers [4] - The province conducts annual "Respect for the Elderly Month" activities to promote awareness and engagement [4] Support for Silver Economy - The province is prioritizing the medical and health industry as part of its "Ten Strong Industries," with 98 projects totaling 68.5 billion yuan included in the 2025 development plan [5] - Shandong is one of the first provinces to issue subsidies for elderly care services, distributing 277,000 service vouchers and 135 million yuan in subsidies, benefiting 224,400 individuals [5]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of effectively addressing China's aging population, which is crucial for national development and the well-being of millions of citizens. It highlights the need for a multi-tiered elderly care service system that aligns with national conditions, addressing both the practical needs of the elderly and the modernization of national governance [1][7]. Group 1: Home and Community Care - There is a pressing need to improve the home and community care service system, as 90% of elderly individuals prefer this mode of care. The current challenges include fragmented services and mismatched supply and demand [2][3]. - The article suggests establishing standardized construction criteria for elderly care facilities, particularly in densely populated areas, integrating preventive health services into the care model [2][3]. Group 2: Institutional Care Development - Institutional care should develop in a layered and categorized manner, balancing basic security and diverse supply. Public institutions must focus on basic care for vulnerable groups, while private sectors can enhance service quality through market mechanisms [3][4]. - The article discusses the need for a unified national rating system for elderly care institutions, linking ratings to financial subsidies and healthcare qualifications [3][4]. Group 3: Rural Elderly Care - The article highlights the urgent need to address the "urban-rural imbalance" in elderly care, as rural areas have a higher proportion of elderly individuals. Innovative models like the "happiness house" combined with healthcare services are being explored in rural settings [4][5]. - It suggests implementing a volunteer service points system in rural areas to encourage community participation in elderly care [4][5]. Group 4: Policy and Talent Support - Strengthening policy support and talent development is essential for sustainable growth in elderly care services. The establishment of a long-term care insurance system is recommended, along with a multi-source funding mechanism [6][7]. - The article advocates for the development of a talent training system for elderly care, inspired by Germany's dual education model, to enhance the quality of care [6][7]. Group 5: Integration of Silver Economy - The integration of the silver economy is seen as a new driving force for the development of the elderly care industry. The article emphasizes the need to create an "elderly care service +" ecosystem, focusing on technology, financial innovation, and industry collaboration [6][7]. - It predicts that the market for aging-related smart devices will exceed 80 billion yuan by 2025, highlighting the potential for growth in this sector [6][7].

◎记者 何奎 被称为我国社保"第六险"的长期护理保险（下称"长护险"）已经连续五年被写入政府工作报告：2019年 政府工作报告提出"扩大长期护理保险制度试点"；2021年至2025年政府工作报告均提及长护险，其中今 年提出"加快建立长期护理保险制度"。 作为长护险参与机构之一，平安产险已在8省18个区县承办长期护理保险项目，服务覆盖参保群众超 3000万人，累计支付护理待遇超2.7亿元，并不断探索丰富长护险服务。 "政府工作报告关于长护险相关表述的改变，体现了制度探索从'量变'到'质变'的突破。"对外经济贸易 大学创新与风险管理研究中心副主任龙格告诉记者，这标志着长护险从地方试点经验积累转向国家顶层 设计的系统性落地，为应对老龄化提供制度保障。 据平安产险相关负责人介绍，在陕西汉中，该公司探索增加了助浴特色护理服务项目、辅具租赁服务 等，努力让重度失能人员享受专业护理服务；在江苏无锡，创立失能巡查"地域+时间"巡查模式，以乡 镇为地域单位，每季度对历史同期季度完成评估的失能人员进行巡查，巡查后按高、中、低风险对失能 人员分类进行差异化复评。 龙格表示，长护险制度建设的政策框架需要完善，如筹资、评估、服务标准等 ...