南方财经 21世纪经济报道记者胡慧茵 广州报道 50多年前，德国人彼得·荣根搭乘绿皮火车，一路从香港抵达广州参加广交会。多年来，彼得·荣根与中 国始终保持紧密的联系，他是"读懂中国"国际会议的"老朋友"，更是中国改革开放的见证者和参与者。 11月30日至12月2日，2025年读懂中国国际会议在广州举办，嘉宾们围绕"十五五"规划建议、中国式现 代化创新发展的新布局等话题进行讨论。论坛期间，德国荣根财团总裁彼得·荣根接受了21世纪经济报 道记者的专访。 《21世纪》：根据你的个人观察与实践经验，过去几十年来中德经贸关系发展，出现了哪些新变化与新 趋势？ 今年是中国和欧盟建交50周年。荣根表示，中德两国关系的发展令人瞩目，"德中贸易额如今增长到 2000多亿美元，贸易规模实现了巨大飞跃。"他认为，中德贸易合作的成功源于双方经济的高度互补 性。 面对全球单边主义和贸易保护主义抬头的复杂形势，荣根认为，各国最理想的政策应当是开放市场，鼓 励竞争，同时确保竞争的公平性。"总的来说，中德贸易关系表明，政府对贸易的干预越少，越有利于 两国之间的商业往来，今年前八个月中国重新超越美国成为德国最大贸易伙伴，也恰恰说明了这一 点。 ...

Core Insights - The 8th China International Import Expo (CIIE) showcases the collaboration between global enterprises and the Chinese market, highlighting China's role as a significant player in international trade and economic cooperation [1][12]. Group 1: Market Opportunities - 4,108 companies from 138 countries and regions are participating in the CIIE, indicating a strong global interest in the Chinese market [1]. - The event features various sectors, including agricultural products, consumer goods, and smart transportation, showcasing innovative products and services that cater to Chinese consumers [2][4]. - China is projected to import goods worth 18.4 trillion yuan and services worth 4.3 trillion yuan in 2024, reflecting a growth of over 60% compared to a decade ago [5]. Group 2: International Collaboration - Chinese companies have signed procurement agreements worth over $40.9 billion with 34 partners from 17 countries, covering a wide range of products [5]. - The CIIE serves as a platform for developing countries to access the Chinese market, with significant participation from African nations, which saw an 80% increase in exhibitors [10]. - The event promotes the idea of shared opportunities, with initiatives like "Shared Big Market · Export to China" aimed at enhancing cooperation and mutual benefits [11]. Group 3: Economic Impact - The CIIE is expected to enhance China's consumption potential, with activities focused on premium shopping, exquisite food, and tourism [6]. - The retail sales of consumer goods in China grew by 4.5% year-on-year in the first three quarters, indicating stable market growth [5]. - The event is seen as a vital platform for multinational companies to explore stable and predictable cooperation opportunities with China [12].

Group 1 - The "Export to China" initiative has been launched to actively expand imports and showcase China's openness to countries wishing to export to China [1][2] - China has maintained its position as the world's largest goods trading nation for eight consecutive years and has been the second-largest import market globally for 16 years [1] - The total tariff level in China has been reduced to 7.3%, and zero tariffs are applied to 100% of the least developed countries with diplomatic relations [2] Group 2 - The China International Import Expo, established eight years ago, has achieved a cumulative transaction amount exceeding $500 billion, highlighting China's commitment to global trade [2] - The new "Shared Big Market · Export to China" series of activities indicates that China's market opportunities are open to the world, inviting countries to collaborate and share growth [2]

Group 1 - The China International Import Expo (CIIE) serves as an important platform for global enterprises to share opportunities and deepen cooperation, acting as a bridge for shared development outcomes worldwide [1] - The participation in CIIE has been steadily increasing, with a notable rise in the number of exhibiting companies, reflecting sustained interest and cooperation between Singapore and China [3] - The CIIE has expanded its scope, allowing companies to showcase their latest products through live broadcasts directly from their booths, which enhances brand promotion and sales opportunities [5] Group 2 - CIIE is recognized as a significant platform amidst rising global protectionism, emphasizing the need for open economies and markets, which will make such expos increasingly important in the future [7]

Group 1 - The China International Import Expo (CIIE) serves as an important platform for global enterprises to share opportunities and deepen cooperation, acting as a bridge for the world to share development outcomes [1] - The participation in CIIE has been steadily increasing, with a notable rise in the number of exhibiting companies, reflecting sustained interest and cooperation between Singapore and China [3] - CIIE has expanded its scope, allowing companies to showcase their latest products through live broadcasts and facilitating new cooperation agreements, enhancing brand promotion [5] Group 2 - CIIE is recognized as a significant platform amidst rising global protectionism, emphasizing the need for open economies and markets, which will make such expos increasingly important in the future [6]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the rising prices of everyday goods in the U.S. due to tariffs, highlighting a shift in public sentiment against tariffs as they directly impact consumer costs [1][18]. Group 1: Tariff Impact on Consumer Goods - The increase in tariffs has led to higher costs for products like canned beer, as the price of aluminum and steel has risen, affecting production costs [5][7]. - A significant portion of the American public, now understanding the implications of tariffs, recognizes that these costs ultimately fall on consumers rather than foreign entities [5][11]. Group 2: Political Response and Public Sentiment - Democratic leaders, including Pennsylvania Governor Shapiro, are openly opposing tariffs, framing them as a direct tax on consumers [3][15]. - Polling data indicates that two-thirds of Americans now comprehend the relationship between tariffs and increased prices, marking a notable shift in political discourse [5][18]. Group 3: Historical Context and Political Dynamics - The article reflects on the evolution of the Democratic Party's stance on trade, noting a significant shift from support for free trade to a more protectionist approach in response to public sentiment [11][17]. - The current political climate suggests that both major parties must address consumer concerns about rising prices to maintain public support [17][18].

Core Viewpoint - President Trump stated that tariffs would only be reduced if the country opens its markets [1] Group 1 - The statement emphasizes the conditional nature of tariff reductions based on market openness [1]

Core Viewpoint - President Trump expresses willingness to abandon tariff provisions if major countries can be persuaded to open their markets to the U.S. [1] Group 1 - The statement indicates a potential shift in U.S. trade policy aimed at fostering international market access [1] - This approach could lead to changes in trade dynamics, impacting various industries reliant on exports and imports [1] - The willingness to negotiate tariffs suggests a strategic move to enhance U.S. competitiveness in global markets [1]

Core Viewpoint - President Trump's statement highlights that Japan's open market could be a significant profit factor, comparable to tariffs, primarily due to the strength of tariffs [1] Group 1 - The potential of Japan's open market is emphasized as a major profit opportunity [1] - The relationship between tariffs and market openness is discussed, suggesting that both can influence profitability [1]

Core Points - The U.S. Secretary of Commerce, Wilbur Ross, stated that it will be difficult for major countries to obtain lower tax rates [1] - If the European Union accepts U.S. products and standards, it would "impress" President Trump [1] - President Trump desires the European Union to "fully" open its market [1]