Group 1 - The core concept of options hedging is to use the characteristics of options to offset potential losses in spot or futures positions, thereby achieving risk management and profit protection [6][4] - Options hedging involves establishing an options position that generates returns to compensate for losses in the underlying spot or futures, aiming to lock in or reduce price risk [6][4] - The principle of futures hedging is based on the high correlation between the prices of the same underlying asset in the spot, futures, and options markets, where futures prices generally move in the same direction as spot prices [3][4] Group 2 - Protective hedging can be classified into two types based on the intent of the hedger: purchasing call options for consumers to prevent price increases, and purchasing put options for producers to prevent price decreases [7][6] - The protective hedging strategy allows for locking in losses while retaining the potential for profit, functioning as an insurance strategy against adverse price movements [6][7] - The number of options contracts for hedging should typically match the size of the underlying spot or futures position, but adjustments can be made based on market volatility assessments for better hedging effectiveness [8][7]

在选择策略时需避免在标的方向和波动率上均出现亏损 本文分析了白糖行业上游企业在价格波动市场中，利用期权进行套期保值的策略。通过2023—2024年白糖市场行 情的数据，分析白糖上游企业在大幅行情波动中使用不同期权策略以增厚利润并对冲市场风险的效果，重点对比了备 兑开仓和买入看跌期权策略的优缺点及适用情境。研究发现，在低波动率时宜选择买权，以获更佳保护；白糖期权的 波动率具非对称性，需避免标的方向和波动率均出现亏损。此外，白糖期货价格波动较大，使用虚值期权更能减少成 本损耗。 [策略对比] 作为郑商所上市的期权品种，白糖期权的非线性损益特征为企业运用衍生品进行风险管理提供了更多思路，有助 于提升企业的稳健生产经营能力。白糖期权自上市以来，随着市场机制的不断成熟，合约流动性稳步提升，产业参与 度不断扩大。2023年，白糖期权日均成交量为18万手、持仓量为42万手，市场规模足以满足各类企业的套期保值需 求。2023—2024年，白糖价格受到诸多因素的冲击波动较大，呈现冲高回落的态势，白糖主连最低点一度来到了5500 元/吨、最高点达到7202元/吨。面对这种跨越牛熊的行情，白糖的上游企业如何有效地利用期权增厚利润为 ...