Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of river protection and governance as a long-term strategy for sustainable development in China, highlighting the need for strict water resource management and utilization efficiency due to the country's water scarcity and uneven distribution of water resources [1][2]. Group 1: Water Resource Management - The concept of "rigid constraints" is introduced, which mandates strict adherence to water usage limits for regions and industries, aiming to control water consumption within set quotas [2]. - Recent measures include establishing upper limits for water resource development, enforcing total water usage controls, and implementing legal frameworks to enhance water resource management [2][3]. - Despite these efforts, violations such as illegal water extraction and pollution continue to exacerbate water resource tensions, indicating a need for stronger enforcement and accountability [2][3]. Group 2: Policy Implementation - The government is urged to take a proactive role in water resource management, including strict project approvals, water usage permits, and capacity evaluations to prevent over-extraction in water-scarce areas [3]. - The article discusses the necessity of integrating water resource management with urban planning and industrial development, ensuring that population and economic growth align with available water resources [3][4]. - New policies, such as the "Ecological Flow Management Measures," have been introduced to regulate ecological water flows, with the aim of enhancing the effectiveness of water resource constraints and supporting high-quality development [4].

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese government emphasizes the importance of water conservation as a key aspect of water management, aiming to enhance the efficient use of water resources by 2035, in response to the country's water scarcity issues [1][2]. Group 1: Water Resource Management - The Chinese government has issued guidelines to improve water resource conservation and management, highlighting the need for a strategic approach to river protection and governance [1]. - The country faces significant water supply and demand challenges due to its large population and uneven water distribution, which are critical factors limiting economic and social development [1][2]. - Since the 18th National Congress, efforts have been made to implement major national water network projects to alleviate regional water distribution issues, establishing a framework for water resource allocation [1]. Group 2: Water Conservation Strategies - The government aims to prioritize water conservation across various sectors, including agriculture, industry, and urban areas, to address water scarcity effectively [2][3]. - Key strategies include implementing strict water usage controls, optimizing industrial structures, and incorporating water conservation metrics into performance evaluations for local governments [2]. - In agriculture, there is a focus on promoting efficient irrigation techniques and improving water management in irrigation districts [3]. Group 3: Technological Innovation in Water Conservation - The advancement of water-saving technologies is crucial, as current water-saving enterprises in China are characterized by being small and scattered, with technology levels lagging behind international standards [3]. - The government encourages collaboration between research institutions, universities, and enterprises to foster innovation in water-saving technologies and products [3].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the news is the implementation of the 2025 No. 1 General River and Lake Chief Order in Shaanxi, which emphasizes the comprehensive management of water resources, ecology, and environment [1][2][3] - The initiative aims to deepen the river and lake chief system, enhance joint law enforcement in water-related fields, and improve the management and protection of rivers and lakes at the village level [1][2] - A focus on integrated supervision of rivers and lakes is highlighted, including actions to address issues such as obstructive vegetation and illegal construction along riverbanks [1][2] Group 2 - The plan includes strict enforcement of water resource constraints, promoting water conservation policies, and ensuring water resource allocation aligns with population and industrial layouts [1][2] - Environmental governance efforts will be strengthened, including the management of small hydropower plants, urban sewage treatment, and pollution prevention in industrial zones [2] - The initiative also emphasizes the management of riverbed sand extraction, with a commitment to regulate and monitor the entire process of sand mining [2]