Core Viewpoint - The carbon market is a crucial policy tool for addressing climate change and promoting green transformation in China, with significant growth and participation observed in recent years [1][3]. Market Overview - The national carbon market has been operational for four years, covering over 60% of China's carbon dioxide emissions, with a cumulative trading volume of 728 million tons and a transaction value of 49.83 billion yuan as of September 30, 2025 [1]. - The number of key emission units that have opened trading accounts has reached 1,277 as of August 2025, indicating an increase in market participants [3]. Market Changes and Opportunities - The expansion of the carbon market to include steel, aluminum smelting, and building materials has diversified market participants, enhancing trading opportunities and market development [3][5]. - The trading volume in the carbon market has increased by 40% compared to the same period last year, with significant growth in transaction numbers and active participants [5]. Local Market Dynamics - Local carbon markets, such as Shanghai's, are expected to play a supportive role in achieving local "dual carbon" goals while adapting to the national carbon market's expansion [6][7]. - Shanghai's carbon market has over 2,200 registered entities, including around 400 regulated enterprises, contributing to its trading activity [7]. Future Plans and Mechanisms - The Shanghai Environmental Energy Exchange is focusing on expanding industry coverage, researching paid allocation mechanisms, and enhancing market participant diversity [10][11]. - The transition to a "paid allocation + total control" model is anticipated during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, with an emphasis on policy coordination to achieve national carbon reduction targets [12][13].

Core Viewpoint - The national carbon market in China has become the largest in the world, effectively managing over 60% of the country's carbon dioxide emissions, and is evolving towards a model of "paid allocation + total control" during the 14th Five-Year Plan period [1][10]. Market Development - The national carbon market has been operational for four years, with a cumulative trading volume of 728 million tons and a total transaction value of 49.83 billion yuan as of September 30, 2025 [1]. - The trading volume in the carbon market has increased significantly, with a 40% growth compared to the same period last year, and trading activity has improved with a 75% increase in transaction volume, number of trading enterprises, and transaction counts in the first half of 2025 compared to 2024 [2][3]. Market Structure and Participants - The inclusion of new key emission units has expanded the market's participant base to 1,277 entities, enhancing market diversity and creating more trading opportunities [2]. - The market now covers four major industries: power generation, steel, aluminum smelting, and building materials, which has diversified the market structure and improved trading dynamics [2]. Local Market Role - Local carbon markets, such as Shanghai's, are expected to continue supporting local "dual carbon" goals and green development, even as they face challenges from the national market's expansion [4][6]. - Shanghai's carbon market has over 2,200 registered entities, including around 400 regulated enterprises and 1,800 investment and financial institutions, contributing to high trading activity [5]. Future Directions - The Shanghai Environmental Energy Exchange is focusing on expanding industry coverage, researching paid allocation mechanisms, and promoting market participant diversification [8][9]. - The transition to a "paid allocation + total control" model is a key focus for the 14th Five-Year Plan, with an emphasis on policy coordination between industrial and carbon market policies [10].

Core Viewpoint - The issuance of the "Opinions on Promoting Green and Low-Carbon Transition and Strengthening National Carbon Market Construction" marks a significant step towards the comprehensive deepening and acceleration of the national carbon market, providing direction for institutional innovation and operational optimization, which is crucial for achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals [1] Group 1: Carbon Market Structure - The national carbon trading market consists of a mandatory carbon trading market and a voluntary emission reduction market, which are interconnected through quota clearing and offset mechanisms, each with its own focus and independent operation [2] - The carbon pricing mechanism is central to the carbon trading market policy, with quota allocation being a key factor influencing carbon pricing [2] Group 2: Quota Allocation and Control - Currently, carbon quotas are primarily allocated for free, based on carbon emission intensity and actual production, to avoid limiting production and impacting economic growth [2] - As more carbon emitters are included in the market, the focus will gradually shift from controlling carbon intensity to controlling total carbon emissions, transitioning from free allocation to a combination of free and paid allocation methods [2] Group 3: Monitoring and Verification - A robust monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) system is essential for accurately determining historical carbon emissions and their changes over time, which supports the effective implementation of the carbon market [3] - Improving the quality of carbon emission data through comprehensive regulation and automated monitoring is a key direction for enhancing carbon accounting and reporting management [3] Group 4: Green Technology and Economic Transition - Companies can promote green technology research and application through low-carbon production methods, creating a virtuous cycle of emission reduction, revenue generation, and reinvestment in research [4] - The transition to low-carbon industries can be facilitated by eliminating outdated production capacity and fostering the development of clean energy, low-carbon equipment manufacturing, and carbon consulting [4] - The establishment of a comprehensive voluntary certification methodology for emission reduction projects will provide stronger momentum for achieving green and low-carbon goals in the future [4]

21世纪经济报道记者李德尚玉 据新华社消息，在9月24日联合国气候变化峰会上，中国宣布了新一轮国 家自主贡献：到2035年，中国全经济范围温室气体净排放量比峰值下降7%-10%，力争做得更好。非化 石能源消费占能源消费总量的比重达到30%以上，风电和太阳能发电总装机容量达到2020年的6倍以 上、力争达到36亿千瓦，森林蓄积量达到240亿立方米以上，新能源汽车成为新销售车辆的主流，全国 碳排放权交易市场覆盖主要高排放行业，气候适应型社会基本建成。 国家自主贡献（下称"NDC目标"）是各国根据各自国情和发展阶段确定的应对气候变化行动目标。多名 受访人士向21世纪经济报道表示：新一轮NDC目标，详细阐述了我国在应对气候变化方面的自主承 诺，将为减少全球温室气体排放提供有力支撑。同时，碳市场是行业碳排放管控的重要手段，有了总量 目标，会使得全国碳市场更高效地实现价格发现。 全国碳排放权交易市场运行已有四年多。自2021年7月16日上线以来，全国碳市场已覆盖电力行业2200 余家重点排放单位，成为全球覆盖温室气体排放量最大的碳市场。经过3个履约周期，碳市场的制度体 系不断完善，市场机制愈加成熟。2025年，全国碳市场 ...