本报海北讯 （记者 王晶 通讯员 马德平 铁海鸣） "在全国畜牧总站的安排部署下，海北藏族自治州祁连 县联合青海省畜禽遗传资源保护利用中心，启动并完成'祁连牦牛'种质资源精准鉴定与分子身份证构建 的现场采样工作，标志着'祁连牦牛'遗传资源保护与开发正式迈入分子水平的精准新阶段。"近日，祁 连县农牧水利和科技局党组书记、局长东生辉说。 本次采样，严格执行《畜禽种质资源精准鉴定项目采样工作方案》，保障采样过程的规范与高效。共采 集血液样本50份，每份样本均实施唯一性编号，实现与个体信息的永久关联。工作组对每头采样牦牛进 行详细表型记录与多角度影像采集，建立可视化档案，全程落实无菌操作与防污染措施。所有样本在专 业冷链条件下安全转运至国家家畜基因库，待后续开展DNA提取与基因分型等分子实验。 此次工作旨在对"祁连牦牛"这一地方特色遗传资源开展系统、规范的样本采集，获取高质量遗传材料与 完整表型及环境背景信息。所获样本与数据，不仅为后续全基因组精准鉴定、优异基因挖掘及唯一性分 子身份证构建奠定基础，还将为解析祁连牦牛种质特性、挖掘育种潜力关键基因、推动从"经验育 种"到"精准育种"的转型升级提供核心驱动力，为保护"祁 ...

"扬麦53"的成功培育，离不开高德荣团队的攻坚。出生于江苏兴化农村的高德荣，少年时看着父辈辛勤 劳作却难获丰收，便暗下决心学农育好种。2012年小麦赤霉病大暴发的场景，让他至今难忘："试验田 外，大片麦田穗部发红腐烂，农民蹲在田埂上抹眼泪，那种无助的眼神，让我更加坚定了攻克赤霉病的 决心。" "这里本是弱筋小麦优势区，蛋白质合成和积累先天不足，要培育中强筋品种，就得靠技术创新'另辟蹊 径'。"高德荣说，"扬麦53"从亲本组配开始，选育历时15年，若追溯其亲本"扬麦17"的培育历程，更是 跨越30余载。种业振兴行动实施的这5年，也是"扬麦53"品种攻关的关键期。团队摒弃传统经验育种模 式，应用分子标记辅助育种技术，用"精准育种"破解"抗病与丰产、优质难兼顾"的困境。 在国家小麦育种联合攻关试验中，"扬麦53"连续4年赤霉病抗性达R级，参加生产试验平均每亩比对照 增产10.13%，用实打实的表现证明了抗逆与丰产可以"并行"。 "扬麦53"的选育推广，是我国小麦新品种创新成果的一个生动缩影。近年育成的"郑麦1860""中麦 6032""济麦5198""马兰1号"等小麦新品种单产高，正在加快推广；节水品种"衡麦29" ...

Core Insights - The Guangdong marine fishery experimental base has achieved the world's first full artificial breeding and mass cultivation of the Seriola dumerili fish, enhancing the variety reserves of the "Guangdong Marine Granary" [1] - Guangdong's marine seed industry leads the nation, with 6.796 billion marine fish fry produced in 2024, accounting for about half of the national output [1] - The transition from traditional breeding to biological and intelligent breeding techniques has significantly improved breeding efficiency and precision [4] Group 1: Industry Development - The marine seed industry in Guangdong has established a comprehensive development system integrating technology research, results transformation, and industrial application [1][5] - The province has successfully cultivated 18 nationally approved marine species, leading the country in this regard [4] - Guangdong is extending its breeding strategies to deep-sea environments, necessitating the development of new species that can thrive under challenging conditions [4] Group 2: Technological Advancements - The use of molecular markers and big data platforms for breeding has enhanced efficiency and accuracy in the industry [4] - Innovative breeding techniques, such as the implantation of chips for gene sequencing in fish, are being employed to improve survival rates of fry from 60% to 80% [2] - The introduction of the "water air conditioning" technology has allowed for the advancement of breeding cycles, exemplified by the early spawning of the flower bass [3] Group 3: Financial Support and Collaboration - Guangdong has implemented a "reveal and take charge" mechanism to stimulate research and development, fostering a competitive environment among breeding teams [6] - Financial institutions in Guangdong have introduced supportive policies, such as the "marine ranch loan," to assist small and medium-sized aquaculture enterprises [6] - The province's strong industrial foundation and close collaboration between academia and industry facilitate rapid feedback from market demands to research and development [7]

Core Insights - The research team in Huizhou Daya Bay has achieved the world's first full-cycle artificial breeding and mass cultivation of the Seriola dumerili fish, enhancing the variety reserves of Guangdong's marine fishery [1] - Guangdong's marine seed industry is crucial for ensuring the country's "blue granary," with significant advancements in marine breeding technology and a strategic focus on deep-sea aquaculture [1] Group 1: Achievements in Marine Breeding - Guangdong's seawater fish fry production reached 6.796 billion tails in 2024, accounting for about half of the national total, and it ranks first in deep-sea breeding stock reserves [1] - The province has maintained its position as the national leader in the production of marine fish fry and shrimp fry for seven consecutive years [1] - The successful breeding of new marine species, such as the "Zhongxing No. 2" shrimp and "Chenghuang No. 1" scallop, has led to a total of 18 nationally approved marine species, the highest in the country [4] Group 2: Technological Advancements - The transition from traditional breeding methods to biological and intelligent breeding techniques has been pivotal for Guangdong's marine seed industry [1] - The use of molecular markers and big data platforms for breeding has significantly improved efficiency and precision in the breeding process [3] - The development of the "Hailu No. 1" breeding chip for the flower bass and the implementation of "water conditioning" technology to advance spawning periods exemplify the shift towards precision breeding [3] Group 3: Industry Structure and Support - Guangdong is building an integrated system for technological breakthroughs, results transformation, and industrial application in the marine seed industry [5] - The province has established a shared platform attracting 63 excellent marine breeding teams to tackle technical challenges for 28 suitable species [6] - Financial support mechanisms, such as the "Marine Ranch Loan," have been introduced to assist small and medium-sized aquaculture operators, with over 1.1 billion yuan in loans supporting more than 3,000 aquaculture enterprises in 2024 [6][8] Group 4: Market-Driven Research - The close collaboration between industry, academia, and research institutions allows for rapid feedback from market demands to breeding research, creating a cycle where market needs drive breeding efforts [7] - Successful breakthroughs in breeding technologies, such as the artificial breeding of the tropical fish species "Red Melon Grouper," demonstrate the effectiveness of this market-driven approach [7]

Core Viewpoint - The strategic cooperation agreement between the Beijing Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and China Animal Husbandry Industry Group aims to advance meat duck breeding innovation in China, which is the world's largest producer and consumer of waterfowl [1] Group 1: Industry Overview - China is the world's leading producer and consumer of waterfowl, making high-quality breeds essential for the development of the waterfowl industry, including meat ducks [1] - Recent breeding achievements include the "Zhongxin White Feather Meat Duck" and "Zhongmu Grassland White Feather Meat Duck," which have shown good performance in growth rate and feed conversion efficiency, breaking international monopolies and creating economic and social benefits [1] Group 2: Strategic Goals - The cooperation aims to focus on critical industry challenges, increase investment in basic research, and accelerate breakthroughs in high-throughput phenotyping, artificial intelligence breeding, and gene editing technologies, transitioning from "experience-based breeding" to "precision breeding" [1] - The initiative seeks to optimize the mechanism of scientific and enterprise integration, ensuring clear property rights, shared benefits, and shared risks, while promoting diverse investments and long-term incentives to create a win-win situation for researchers, enterprises, and farmers [1]

Core Insights - The research conducted by a team from Anhui Agricultural University reveals that the loss of freshness in tea is linked to a specific component called theanine, which has a flavor profile similar to monosodium glutamate [2][5][12]. Group 1: Theanine and Tea Freshness - Theanine is the most abundant free amino acid in tea, comprising 1% to 2% of the dry weight of early spring tea, contributing to its fresh taste [6][10]. - The content of theanine significantly decreases after the Qingming Festival as temperatures rise, sometimes dropping by more than half, which negatively impacts the flavor of later teas [12][13]. Group 2: Mechanism of Theanine Degradation - The research identifies the complete process of theanine degradation, highlighting the roles of mitochondrial carrier protein CsTHS1 and theanine hydrolase CsGGT2 [14][18]. - CsTHS1 acts as a "courier," transporting theanine from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria, while CsGGT2 functions as a "decomposer," breaking down theanine, with both proteins' activity increasing with temperature [16][20]. Group 3: Implications for Tea Cultivation - The findings provide new insights for flavor improvement in other crops, suggesting the potential for precision breeding through gene editing, specialized fertilizers to maintain theanine levels, or shading techniques for smart cultivation to enhance spring tea quality [22][24].