芦哲、张佳炜（芦哲系东吴证券首席经济学家、中国首席经济学家论坛成员） 核心观点 核心观点：本周公布的美国7月核心CPI环比结束连续五个月的弱于预期，但由于数据并未超预期，市场加码押注降息，并形成"降息预期升温→经济软着陆 预期强化"的交易组合，导致2年美债利率、美元指数下跌，同时10年TIPS、10年美债利率、美股上涨，黄金下跌。随后，7月PPI在批发贸易服务推动下大 超预期，反映关税的影响仍在进行之中。向前看，关税本身的变化、对批发、零售、终端消费的影响时长时点、幅度仍然存在不确定性，叠加非农、CPI等 数据质量的恶化，我们预期9月降息并非板上钉钉。偏乐观的情形下，我们预期今年2次降息，分别发生在9、12月；偏悲观情形下，我们预期今年1次降息， 发生在10月。因此短期看，当前市场定价的9月0.845次、全年降息2.187次的降息预期过于乐观，9月FOMC前需警惕降息预期回调的风险。中期看，我们预 期2026年5月美联储新主席上台后，货币政策将更宽松，悲观、基准和乐观情形下明年将分别有4、5和6次降息。因此9月FOMC后，市场当前计价的2026年 仅3次的降息预期料将升温。策略上，我们预期9月FOMC前美元指 ...

Global Asset Price Performance - Major global stock markets mostly rose, with the S&P 500, Dow Jones Industrial, and Nasdaq Composite increasing by 0.6%, 0.3%, and 1.5% respectively compared to last week [1] - In the bond market, the 10-year U.S. Treasury yield rose by 1 basis point, while the 10-year Japanese government bond yield increased by 2.6 basis points due to fiscal concerns [1] - Commodity prices saw a decline in gold and oil prices, while the U.S. dollar index appreciated by 0.6% against most currencies [1] Major Central Bank Monetary Policies - The next Federal Reserve chair candidate is under significant market scrutiny, especially after President Trump's comments about potentially firing Powell, which caused temporary market panic [3] - The selection process for the next Fed chair has begun, as stated by Treasury Secretary Mnuchin [3] - The European Central Bank (ECB) is considering pausing interest rate cuts in July despite complications from U.S. tariff threats [3] U.S. Economic Dynamics - U.S. inflation showed a slight rebound, with June CPI year-on-year growth rising to 2.7% and core CPI increasing to 2.9% [9] - Retail sales in June increased by 0.6% month-on-month, exceeding market expectations, driven mainly by a recovery in auto sales [9] - The July Beige Book indicated continued moderate growth in the U.S. economy, with consumer confidence slightly improving, although inflation expectations for the next year decreased by 0.6 percentage points to 4.4% [9] Other Regional Economic Dynamics - Germany's ZEW economic sentiment index rose to 52.7, the highest in over three years, driven by progress in U.S.-EU tariff negotiations and government investment plans [17] - Japan's core CPI year-on-year growth slightly slowed to 3.4% in June, influenced by gasoline subsidies and temporary electricity fee reductions, remaining above the Bank of Japan's 2% target for 39 consecutive months [18]